scholarly journals EXPOSURE OF THE PUBLIC OF THE LENINRGAD REGION DUE TO THE NATURAL SOURCES OF IONIZING RADIATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Istorik ◽  
L. A. Eremina ◽  
A. N. Barkovsky ◽  
T. A. Kormanovskaya ◽  
R. R. Akhmatdinov
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Beta Activity ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Volume Activity ◽  
Radiation Dose Rate ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Individual

This study is focused on the analysis of the results of the radiation-hygienic passportisation and the Joint state system of control and accounting of the individual doses of the public from natural sources of ionizing radiation in the Leningrad region. The results of the study include data on the number of measurements of the gamma-radiation dose rate in buildings and in open territories, number of measurements of volume activity and equivalent equilibrium volume activity of radon in the air in the public and residential buildings in the Leningrad region in 2007–2016 as well as the number of the assessments of the total volume alpha and beta activity and concentration of the natural occurring radionuclides in drinking water. The authors performed an assessment of the annual individual effective dose per resident of theLeningradregion. It was estimated as 3.09 mSv/year considering all the data in Regional dose databank. Natural sources of ionizing exposure contribute 92.6% to the annual effective dose to the public of the Leningrad region, that exceeds the average Russian values by 6%.

scholarly journals The Influence of Natural Sources on Radiation Exposure Levels in the Population of the Arkhangelsk Region

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
PM Gricai ◽  
AV Mironovskaya ◽  
TN Unguryanu
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Internal Exposure ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Volumetric Activity ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Arkhangelsk Region ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Radon Isotopes

Introduction: The issue of radiation safety in terms of population exposure to natural sources of background radiation remains relevant since, according to the results of numerous studies, among all sources of ionizing radiation the natural ones contribute the most to the population exposure worldwide. Our purpose was to assess the contribution of natural sources of background radiation to the individual effective dose of the population of the Arkhangelsk Region. Materials and methods: We measured residential indoor and outdoor gamma dose rates and the residential indoor equivalent equilibrium volumetric activity of radon isotopes. We also analyzed data of statistical form No. 4-DOZ “Information about population exposure doses attributed to the natural and anthropogenically altered background radiation” and radiation hygiene passportization conducted in 2008–2017 by cities and districts of the Arkhangelsk Region and estimated long-term average indicators of the individual effective dose of radiation and chain indicators of the growth rate. Results: We established that the internal exposure to radon isotopes (46.8%) and external terrigenous exposure (23.6%) contributed the most to the individual effective dose due to natural sources in the population of the Arkhangelsk Region. In 2008–2017, the individual effective dose attributed to natural sources was 2.50 mSv/yr, to external exposure – 0.59 mSv/yr, and to internal exposure to radon isotopes – 1.17 mSv/yr. The analysis of average values of the equivalent equilibrium volumetric activity of radon isotopes and the gamma radiation dose rate in residential buildings of various type (wooden, single-story stone and multistory stone) in the Arkhangelsk Region supported the conclusion about the significant contribution of the former to the individual effective dose due to natural sources. Conclusions: We established the contribution of natural sources of ionizing radiation to the total doses of the population.

scholarly journals HYGIENIC EVALUATION OF EXPOSURE DOSES FOR THE VORONEZH REGION POPULATION FROM THE NATURAL AND TECHNOGENOUSLY MODIFIED BACKGROUND

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. I. Stepkin ◽  
M. K. Kuzmichev ◽  
O. V. Klepikov ◽  
E. М. Studenikina
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Total Dose ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Radiation Background ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
Slight Upward Trend

The purpose of the study was to estimate the doses to the Voronezh region population from natural sources of ionizing radiation and the technologically altered background in the territory of Voronezh Region. The data of forms of state statistical observation No. 4-DOZ “Information on the doses of population exposure due to natural and technologically altered background” for 20102017 and the radiation and hygienic passport of the territory of the Voronezh Region were used. The average annual per caput effective dose due to all types of ionizing radiation remains stable with a slight upward trend and lies in the range from 2.925 (2010) to 3.656 mSv (2017). Natural sources are the main dose-forming factors for the population. Their annual contribution to the annual effective dose ranges from 74.96 to 83.65%. The leading contribution to the total dose from natural sources is the exposure due to the inhalation of radon isotopes: it ranges from 37.6 to 51.1%. In second place,there is the share of external exposure from sources of terrigenous origin, which ranges from 21.2 to 28.9% of the total dose. The average annual effective dose of natural exposure to humans varies from 2,355 to 2,980 mSv / year, the exposure from radon – from 0,83 to 1,65 mSv / year. The dose from technogenic-altered radiation background, including global radioactive fallout due to atmospheric nuclear tests and due to past radiation accidents are insignificant (0,062 mSv / year). Its annual contribution to the total dose is less than 2%. Based on the results of the assessment of the indicators characterizing the level of exposure of sources of ionizing radiation to natural and technogenic-altered radiation background, no excess of radiation safety standards has been recorded. The situation associated with exposure to ionizing radiation sources in the Voronezh region has been described as safe for the last 8 years.

Public Service Motivation in Buffy the Vampire Slayer

Public Voices ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Mastracci
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Public Service Motivation ◽  
Public Servants ◽  
Buffy The Vampire Slayer ◽  
The Public ◽  
American Popular Culture ◽  
Public Servant ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

In this paper, the author examines public service as depicted in the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer (BtVS). First, she shows how slaying meets the economist’s definition of a public good, using the BtVS episode “Flooded” (6.04). Second, she discusses public service motivation (PSM) to determine whether or not Buffy, a public servant, operates from a public service ethic. Relying on established measures and evidence from shooting scripts and episode transcripts, the author concludes Buffy is a public servant motivated by a public service ethic. In this way, BtVS informs scholarship on public service by broadening the concept of PSM beyond the public sector; prompting one to wonder whether it is located in a sector, an occupation, or in the individual. These conclusions allow the author to situate Buffy alongside other idealized public servants in American popular culture.

What Can Economists Contribute to the Common Good Tradition?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Yuengert
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Common Pool Resources ◽  
Economic Approach ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private Provision ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Common Good ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Insight Into

Although most economists are skeptical of or puzzled by the Catholic concept of the common good, a rejection of the economic approach as inimical to the common good would be hasty and counterproductive. Economic analysis can enrich the common good tradition in four ways. First, economics embodies a deep respect for economic agency and for the effects of policy and institutions on individual agents. Second, economics offers a rich literature on the nature of unplanned order and how it might be shaped by policy. Third, economics offers insight into the public and private provision of various kinds of goods (private, public, common pool resources). Fourth, recent work on the development and logic of institutions and norms emphasizes sustainability rooted in the good of the individual.

scholarly journals The impact of end-userś participation (cancer patients) during the optimization process

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Houwaart
Keyword(s):  
End Users ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Optimization Process ◽  
Patient Organization ◽  
End User ◽  
The Public ◽  
Patient Organizations ◽  
Crucial Information ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Abstract End-user (e.g. patients or the public) testing of information material is becoming more common in the German public health care system. However, including the end-user (in this case patients) in an optimisation process and thus enabling a close collaboration while developing PIMs is still rare. This is surprising, given the fact that patients provide the exact perspective one is trying to address. Within the isPO project, a patient organization is included as a legal project partner to act as the patient representative and provide the patient's perspective. As such, the patient organization was included in the PHR approach as part of the PIM-optimisation team. During the optimisation process, the patients gave practical insights into the procedures of diagnosing and treating different types of cancer as well as into the patient's changing priorities and challenges at different time points. This was crucial information for the envisioned application of the individual PIMs and their hierarchical overview. Moreover, the developed PIM-checklist enabled the patients to give detailed feedback to the PIMs. With their experience of being in the exact situation in which the PIMs will be applied, their recommendations, especially on the wording and layout of the materials, have been a valuable contribution to the PIM optimisation process. In this part of the seminar, we will take a closer look at the following skill building aspects: What is gained from including patients as end-users in the development and optimization of PIM?How can we reach patients to contribute to a PIM optimization process? Which requirements and prerequisites do patients have to provide to successfully work on an optimisation team?How to compromise and weigh opinions when different ideas occur? Altogether, this part will construct a structured path of productive patient involvement and help to overcome uncertainties regarding a collaboration with patient organizations.

Moving an Evidence-Based Policy Agenda Forward: Leadership Tips From the Field

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Garrett
Keyword(s):  
Change Process ◽  
Nursing Profession ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Policy Agenda ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
The Public ◽  
Leverage Point ◽  
Evidence Based Policy ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Improve Health

Advancing evidence-based policy change is a leadership challenge that nurses should embrace. Key tips to ensure that evidence-based policy changes are successful at the individual, community, and population levels are offered to help nurses through the change process. The public trust in the nursing profession is a leverage point that should be used to advance the use of evidence, expedite change, and improve health for students and across communities.

scholarly journals Feeling Uncertainty during the Lockdown That Commenced in March 2020 in Greece

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5105
Author(s):  
Dimitris Zavras
Keyword(s):  
Lower Class ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
International Literature ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Emotional Status ◽  
Limited Health Literacy ◽  
The Public ◽  
Limited Health ◽  
The Individual

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in significant uncertainty for the global population. However, since not all population groups experience the impacts of the pandemic in the same way, the objective of this study was to identify the individual characteristics associated with the feeling of uncertainty during the lockdown that commenced in March 2020 in Greece. The study used data from the “Public Opinion in the European Union (EU) in Time of Coronavirus Crisis” survey. The sample consisted of 1050 individuals aged between 16 and 54 years. According to the analysis, which was based on a logistic regression model, the emotional status of older individuals, those who experienced income and job losses since the beginning of the pandemic, and middle-class and high-class individuals, is more likely to be described as a feeling of uncertainty. In addition, the emotional status of individuals with less concern for their own health and that of family and friends is less likely to be described as a feeling of uncertainty. Although the results related to age, income, and job losses, as regards concern for health, agree with the international literature, the limited health literacy of lower-class individuals may explain the reduced likelihood of their experiencing feelings of uncertainty. The results confirm the international literature describing several aspects of uncertainty due to the COVID-19 crisis.

Democracy and Its Limits: Gender and Rights in the Czech Lands, 1918–1938

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Feinberg
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Politics ◽  
Ethnic Nationalism ◽  
New Era ◽  
The Public ◽  
Universal Language ◽  
National Ideology ◽  
Democratic Nation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Czech Lands ◽  
Public Imagination

On 28 October 1918, a group of Czech nationalists stood on the steps of the Obecni Dům (Municipal House) in Prague and proclaimed their independence from the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, allying themselves with the new state of Czechoslovakia. Their declaration marked the beginning of a new era in the Czech lands, one in which Czechs, as the majority nation, hoped to redefine the terms of political discourse. The new Czechoslovak Republic, its Czech supporters declared, would be the antithesis of the Habsburg regime. In the place of a multinational Monarchy, they would erect a democratic nation-state. The second half of this political vision was complicated by the fact that the new Czechoslovakia actually contained many ethnic groups, but Czechs still tended to imagine their new Republic as the political expression of the Czech nation. At the same time, this “Czech-centered” politics also emphasized the democratic basis of the new country. Czechoslovakia, Czech leaders said, would be a state governed by its people and dedicated to protecting their rights and freedoms as individuals. A political culture that rested on both ethnic nationalism and democratic values obviously contained some internal tensions: the need to protect the interests of one specific nation and the duty to protect the individual rights of all citizens could rub uncomfortably against each other. Yet, at that moment in 1918, most Czechs failed to register this potential for ideological conflict, instead seeing an essential link between democratic politics and the good of the Czech nation. For many Czechs, democracy itself was a need of the nation, a political structure crucial to Czech national self-realization. This idea came from one prominent conception of Czech nationhood that had captured the public imagination in the fall of 1918. According to this strain of Czech national ideology, the Czech nation had a sort of democratic character. This meant that only an egalitarian, democratic government would suit a “Czech” state. So, paradoxically, a universal language of rights and freedoms was the key to building a truly national Czechoslovak Republic. It was with a state that emphasized equality and personal freedom that the Czechs would fulfill their national destiny.

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