scholarly journals Vitamin D and acute respiratory infections: prevention or treatment?

2019 ◽  
pp. 116-124
Author(s):  
N. B. Lazareva ◽  
E. V. Rebrova ◽  
L. R. Panteleeva ◽  
A. Yu. Ryazanova ◽  
D. A. Bondarenko
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections

Vitamin D has a large number of biological effects due to the effect on the vitamin D receptor, which is present in most tissues in  the body. The possible role of vitamin D in infections is explained by its effect on the mechanisms of the innate and acquired immune  response. Suppression of the inflammatory response is also an important effect of vitamin D.  Many scientists strongly believe that vitamin D deficiency is among the so-called «seasonal stimulators» of acute respiratory viral  infections (ARVI), the potential for the prophylactic and therapeutic use of vitamin D in the season of ARVI and influenza is of particular interest.  25-hydroxycalciferol-stimulated production of antimicrobial peptides, such as defensin and cathelicidin is the most important fact  proving the possible protective role of vitamin D in influenza and other acute respiratory infections. These endogenous peptides  have a direct action, destroying not only microbial pathogens, but also viruses, including the influenza virus. 

scholarly journals Vitamin D deficiency as a factor for immunity stimulation and lower risk of acute respiratory infections and COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Karonova ◽  
M. A. Vashukova ◽  
D. A. Gusev ◽  
K. A. Golovatuk ◽  
E. N. Grineva
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the efforts of many researchers around the world are aimed at finding preventive and prophylactic measures as well as therapeutic agents against SARS-CoV-2. Recent studies have showed that vitamin D deficiency could be one of many factors associated with the development and severity of acute respiratory infections, and vitamin D could be used for prevention and treatment of these patients. This review summarizes data about the role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis and prevention of respiratory viral infections, including new coronavirus infection as well as mechanisms for reducing the risk of infection with vitamin D therapy. Probably, this review will be of interest for endocrinologists and other specialists.

Role of Vitamin D in Hospitalized Children With Lower Tract Acute Respiratory Infections

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Cebey-López ◽  
Jacobo Pardo-Seco ◽  
Alberto Gómez-Carballa ◽  
Nazareth Martinón-Torres ◽  
Irene Rivero-Calle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections

scholarly journals Possible role of vitamin D supplementation in coronavirus disease 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 376
Author(s):  
Devi Dayal
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
The Impact

<p>Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is presumed to play a role in several infective and non-infective conditions such as acute respiratory infections, tuberculosis, diabetes, hypertension, stroke etc. Most of the respiratory viral infections occur during winter season when the vitamin D levels in most individuals are generally low. The current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which began during winter season similar to the previous epidemics due to coronaviruses, has again stirred a debate on the role of VDD in the initiation and spread of the pandemic. The data on vitamin D status in patients with COVID-19 is however lacking. Different vitamin D supplementation strategies have recently been suggested as part of several countermeasures aimed at reducing the impact of COVID-19 pandemic. This brief narrative review discusses the evidence for the link between VDD and COVID-19 and the approaches suggested for vitamin D supplementation.</p>

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF VITAMIN D IN MAINTAINING ORAL HEALTH. LITERATURE REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Svetlana Ssablina ◽  
Tat'yana Elovicova ◽  
Sergey Griroriev ◽  
Oksana Khromtsova ◽  
Alla Zakroeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Specific Symptoms

Subject. The role of vitamin D in maintaining oral health. Objectives. To review literature on the role of vitamin D in maintaining oral health. Methodology. This literature review is based on analysis of published research reports on effects of vitamin D on oral health. Using key words, research studies published in the past five years with the most comprehensive explanations of the role of vitamin D and its metabolites in the body are selected on such e-resources as PubMed, Medline, Cochrane, Elibrary, Cyberleninka. The data on secosteroid epidemiology, synthesis, metabolism, physiological effects, local effects on immune function and specific symptoms in various somatic disorders are systemized. Conclusion. Epidemiological and genetic studies confirm biological effects of vitamin D active metabolites involved in synthesis of proteins required to form oral mucosal stability and prevent pathogen penetration into subjacent tissues. The most significant is involvement of vitamin D in synthesis of antibacterial monocyte and macrophage-directed peptides ensuring reduction of risks of alveolar resorption and subsequent tooth loss. Modern concepts in this secosteroid refer to the new evidence showing availability of vitamin D activating ferment in tissues which supports intracellular or paracrine function of vitamin D out of the skeleton. The personified approach for vitamin D application as a therapeutic drug for treatment of periodontium inflammations and oral mucosa with preliminary testing of levels in blood serum will allow to develop effective approaches to maintaining people’s oral health.

scholarly journals Vitamin D dan paparan sinar matahari untuk mencegah COVID-19. Fakta atau mitos ?

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1A) ◽  
pp. 320-328
Author(s):  
Maria Mexitalia ◽  
Martvera Susilawati ◽  
Rina Pratiwi ◽  
JC Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolism ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Latar Belakang : Paparan sinar matahari pada kulit merupakan cara terbaik untuk sintesis vitamin D. Kadar vitamin D yang adekuat dalam tubuh merupakan proteksi terhadap berbagai penyakit seperti penyakit degeneratif, kanker dan juga infeksi saluran napas. Beberapa penelitian menghubungkan kadar vitamin D yang rendah dengan morbiditas dan mortalitas COVID-19. Hal ini menyebabkan fenomena baru pada masyarakat yaitu kebiasaan berjemur. Tujuan : Artikel ini akan membahas tentang metabolisme vitamin D, peran sinar matahari dalam mengaktifkan vitamin D di dalam tubuh, dan peran vitamin D dalam berbagai penyakit, khususnya mekanisme imunitas untuk COVID-19. Diskusi : Vitamin D meningkatkan kekebalan alami seluler terutama dengan cara menginduksi peptida antimikroba, yang meliputi cathelicidin, LL-37, 1,25-dihdroxyvitamin D dan defensins. Selain itu vitamin D akan meningkatkan sekresi hidrogen peroksida pada sel monosit. Pemberian vitamin D dosis tinggi sebanyak 10.000 IU/hari selama beberapa minggu dilanjutkan 5000 IU/hari bermanfaat untuk mencegah COVID-19, walaupun hasilnya masih memerlukan penelitian lebih lanjut. Absorpsi sinar matahari ke dalam tubuh manusia dipengaruhi oleh warna kulit, penggunaan bahan pakaian dan tabir surya , dan luas pajanan. Paparan sinar matahari sebesar satu Minimal Erythemal Dose (MED) pada orang dewasa dapat meningkatkan konsentrasi vitamin D setara dengan suplementasi 10.000 – 25.000 IU. Penelitian pada bayi yang diberi paparan 3 kali seminggu @ 5 menit pada jam 10.00-14.00, dengan paparan 50% area tubuh selama 2 bulan, mendapatkan kenaikan 25(OH)D sebesar 8,9 ng/mL. Simpulan : Vitamin D yang diaktifkan oleh paparan sinar matahari sangat bermanfaat sebagai proteksi berbagai penyakit termasuk juga pada COVID-19, walaupun efektifitasnya masih memerlukan penelitian lebih lanjut. Kata Kunci : COVID-19, vitamin D, paparan sinar matahari   Background : The exposured of sunlight on the skin is the best way for vitamin D synthesis. Adequate vitamin D levels are protection against various diseases such as degenerative diseases, cancer and also respiratory infections. Several studies have linked between low vitamin D levels with COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. This causes a new phenomenon in the community, namely sunbathing. Purpose : This review rearticle will discuss about vitamin D metabolism, the role of sunlight in activating vitamin D in the body, and the role of vitamin D in various diseases, specifically the immune mechanism for COVID-19.Discussion : Vitamin D increases cellular innate immunity mainly by inducing antimicrobial peptides, which include cathelicidin, LL-37, 1,25-dihdroxyvitamin D and defensins, and also increase the secretion of hydrogen peroxide in monocyte cells. The administration of high-dose vitamin D of 10,000 IU / day for several weeks followed by 5000 IU / day is useful to prevent COVID-19, although the results still require further research. The sun exposure to activated vitamin D body is affected by skin color, using of clothing and sunscreen, and area of ??exposure. Sun exposure of one Minimum Erythemal Dose (MED) in adults can increase vitamin D concentrations equivalent to 10,000 - 25,000 IU vitamin D supplementation. Study on infants who were given exposure 3 times a week @ 5 minutes at 10:00 to 14:00, with exposure 50% of body surface area for 2 months, increased 25(OH)D of 8.9 ng/mL. Conclusion : Vitamin D which is activated by sun exposure is very useful as protection for various diseases including COVID-19, although its effectiveness still requires further research. Keywords : vitamin D, sun exposure, COVID-19.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Status and SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Cohort of Kidney Transplanted Patients

Nutrients ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
Anna Regalia ◽  
Matteo Benedetti ◽  
Silvia Malvica ◽  
Carlo Alfieri ◽  
Mariarosaria Campise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Infection Susceptibility ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
The Mean

Background: Recently the protective role of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) against viral infections has been hypothesized. We evaluated the association between vitamin D status and SARS-CoV-2 infection susceptibility and severity in a cohort of kidney transplanted patients (KTxp). Methods: A total of 61 KTxp with SARS-CoV-2 infection (COV+) were matched with 122 healthy KTxp controls (COV−). Main biochemical parameters at 1, 6, and 12 months before SARS-CoV-2 infection were recorded. Vitamin D status was considered as the mean of two 25(OH)D measures obtained 6 ± 2 months apart during the last year. The severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection was based on the need for hospitalization (HOSP+) and death (D+). Results: 25(OH)D levels were lower in COV+ than in controls [19(12–26) vs. 23(17–31) ng/mL, p = 0.01]. No differences among the other biochemical parameters were found. The SARS-CoV-2 infection discriminative power of 25(OH)D was evaluated by ROC-curve (AUC 0.61, 95% CI 0.5–0.7, p = 0.01). 25(OH)D was not significantly different between HOSP+ and HOSP− [17(8–25) vs. 20(15–26) ng/mL, p = 0.19] and between D+ and D− [14(6–23) vs. 20(14–26) ng/mL, p = 0.22] and had no significant correlation with disease length. Conclusions: During the year preceding the infection, 25(OH)D levels were lower in COV+ KTxp in comparison with controls matched for demographic features and comorbidities. No significant association between vitamin D status and SARS-CoV-2 infection related outcomes was found.

scholarly journals The role of vitamin D in seasonal acute respiratory viral infections and COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (11) ◽  
pp. 98-105
Author(s):  
E. A. Pigarova ◽  
A. A. Povalyaeva ◽  
L. K. Dzeranova ◽  
L. Y. Rozhinskaya ◽  
N. G. Mokrysheva
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolism ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

A link between vitamin D deficiency and susceptibility to infectious diseases was suggested over a hundred years ago. Epidemiological studies show a strong association between seasonal fluctuations in vitamin D levels and the incidence of various infectious diseases, including septic shock, acute respiratory infections, and influenza. Our understanding of vitamin D metabolism and its extra-skeletal functions has improved significantly over the past three decades, and the discovery that the vitamin D receptor and 1a-hydroxylase, an enzyme needed to convert vitamin D to its active form, is present in the cells of the immune system, revolutionized in this area. Recent studies have shown that vitamin D regulates the expression of specific endogenous antimicrobial peptides in immune cells, modulates the immune response and the course of autoimmune processes; these actions indicate the potential role of vitamin D in modulating the immune response to various infectious diseases. This publication reviews the literature on the effects of vitamin D on immunity, its potential in the prevention and treatment of viral diseases, with a particular focus on COVID-19.

PERAN IBU DALAM PENINGKATAN SISTEM IMUN ANAK DENGAN INFEKSI SALURAN PERNAFASAN AKUT

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Cindy Ayustin Noya ◽  
Angkit Kinasih ◽  
Venti Agustina ◽  
R.Rr Maria Dyah Kurniasari
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Clean Environment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive

Infeksi saluran pernafasan akut atau yang sering disebut ISPA merupakan infeksi pada saluran pernafasan baik saluran pernafasan atas atau bawah.ISPA juga kebanyakan terjadi pada anak balita karena daya tahan tubuh mereka tidak kuat dalam menghadapi penyakit ISPA. ISPA mengakibatkan kematiansekitar15%-20% per tahun pada usia balita di Negara berkembang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisa peran ibu dalam meningkatkan sistem imun anak dengan ISPA.Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan sampel purposive sampling.Populasi dan sampel penelitian ini adalah ibu yang mempunyai anak dengan riwayat dan saat ini menderita penyakit ISPA di Batu Gajah Kota Ambon.Partisipan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 5 orang. Hasil dari penelitian mendapati 4 kategori yaitu pemberian nutrisi pada anak untuk memenuhi kebutuhan agar sistem imunnya terjaga, kebersihan lingkungan, peran ibu dalam melakukan pencegahan pada anaknya yang mengalami ISPA, dan  peran ibu dalam menjaga dan mempertahankan kesehatan anaknya.   Kata kunci: peran ibu, sistem imun, ispa THE ROLE OF MOTHERS IN INCREASING IMMUNE SYSTEM OF CHILDREN WITH ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION    ABSTRACT Acute respiratory infections or often called ARI is an infection of the upper or lower respiratory tract. ARI occurs mostly in children under the age of five because their endurance is not strong in dealing with ARI. ARI results in deaths of around 15%-20% per year at the age of under-five in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the role of mothers in improving the immune system of children against ARI. The research method used in this study was qualitative descriptive with a purposive sampling sample. Respondents and samples of this study were five mothers who had children with a history of ARI and currently suffering from the disease in Batu Gajah, Ambon City. The results of the study found 4 categories, namely providing nutrition to children to meet their needs so that their immune systems are maintained, clean environment, mother's role in preventing children with ARI, and mother's role to preserve and maintain the health of their children. The findings indicated that in terms of coping or improving the immune system of a child to avoid ARI, it is necessary to have role the of mothers in providing nutrition so that the immune system is boosted, besides that the mother can prevent and protect her child from various diseases, especially ARI. Keywords: role of mothers, immune system, acute respiratory infections

Role of Rasayana in Prevention of COVID-19 - A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 716-722
Author(s):  
Sneha Dhakite ◽  
Sadhana Misar Wajpeyi
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Healthy Life Style ◽  
And Control

The “Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)” is caused by “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)”, a newly discovered member of the Coronaviridae family of viruses which is a highly communicable. There is no effective medical treatment till date for Coronavirus disease hence prevention is the best way to keep disease away. Rasayana proved to be highly efficacious and cost effective for the Prevention and Control of viral infections when vaccines and standard therapies are lacking. Rasayana Chikitsa is one of the eight branches of Ashtanga Ayurveda which helps to maintain healthy life style. Rasayana improves immunity and performs many vital functions of human body. Vyadhikshamatva that is immune mechanism of the body is involved in Prevention of the occurrence of a new disease and it also decreases the virulence and progression of an existing disease. In COVID-19 the Respiratory system mainly get affected which is evident from its symptoms like cold, cough and breathlessness. Here the drugs help in enhancing immune system and strengthening functions of Respiratory system can be useful. For this purpose, the Rasayana like Chyavanprasha, Agastya Haritaki, Pippali Rasayana, Guduchi, Yashtimadhu, Haridra, Ashwagandha, Tulsi are used. Rasayana working on Respiratory system are best for Prevention of Coronavirus and boosting immune system. Rasayana Chikitsa can be effective in the Prevention as well as reducing symptoms of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal Stem Cells: The Secret Children’s Weapons against the SARS-CoV-2 Lethal Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1696
Author(s):  
Mario Giosuè Balzanelli ◽  
Pietro Distratis ◽  
Orazio Catucci ◽  
Angelo Cefalo ◽  
Rita Lazzaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Unusual Event ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Due to the promising effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the treatment of various diseases, this commentary aimed to focus on the auxiliary role of MSCs to reduce inflammatory processes of acute respiratory infections caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Since early in 2020, COVID-19, a consequence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly affected millions of people world-wide. The SARS-CoV-2 infection in children appears to be an unusual event. Despite the high number of affected adult and elderly, children and adolescents remained low in amounts, and marginally touched. Based on the promising role of cell therapy and regenerative medicine approaches in the treatment of several life-threatening diseases, it seems that applying MSCs cell-based approaches can also be a hopeful strategy for improving subjects with severe acute respiratory infections caused by COVID-19.

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