scholarly journals RATIONALITY OF ARGUMENTATION: LOGICAL RULES AND VALUES

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (48) ◽  
pp. 70-81
Author(s):  
Olena Mykolaivna Yurkevych
Keyword(s):  
Essential Feature ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Perfect Form ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Final Rule ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Logical Rules

Problem setting. During the period of expansion of the practice of argumentation in society, thanks to the media, the theory of argumentation is also actively developing. In the process of interdisciplinary research and the influence of irrationalism, the problem of rethinking the rationality of argumentation, the conditions for its rationality to preserve the civilizational orientation of the development of modern society, arises. Recent research and publications analysis. At the present stage of development of the theory of argumentation, differences in the correctness and incorrectness of argumentation and proof are investigated, various concepts of the logic of argumentation, its role in communication, the rationality of the rules in argumentation as a characteristic of human rationality are proposed. Paper objective. The aim of the study is to reveal the reasons for the rationality of argumentation by analyzing the logical rules and values, their relationship in the construction of the structure of argumentation, the differences from the evidence. Paper main body. The rules for the structural elements of argumentation are divided into: rules of the thesis, rules of arguments and rules of demonstration. Arguments as bases in the structure of argumentation are connected with the thesis of causation. The logical rules of truth of implication establish a strict relationship between cause and consequence. Based on a certain rule, it is possible to obtain one or another logical value. It is in the peculiarity of causation that the difference in the argumentation in which it is modified lies. Modified argumentation changes the implicit connections. Logical rules and values are also implicitly related. If the logical meaning of truth in the traditional and classical sense represents the highest level of reason, which is identified with the perfect form, then the different derived values (probabilities, sufficiency, etc.) are associated with different types of rationality. An essential feature of rationality is the ability to justify. Rational reasoning related to speech contexts is crucial for argumentation. Contextual coherence and communicative nature allow us to generally determine the type of rationality of such an argument as discursive rationality. Different types of justification determine different types of rationality. The difference in the logic of argumentation appears as the difference in the conditions of the antecedent in implicit relations. The effectiveness of discursive rationality depends on the strength of judgments. The open nature of the argument means that there is no final rule; the rules are intersubjective; their establishment and choice requires strong-willed efforts and reflection, the involvement of the criteria of truth. Conclusions of the research. Analysis of modern research on the theory of argumentation shows a certain expansion of the possibilities of intelligent human activity in relation to the limited model of perfect pure reason according to the rules. But argumentation in its various forms is a rational activity connected with the logical criteria of truth. In this case, a significant difference between man as an intelligent being is justified through the awareness of rational activity that occurs according to certain rules.

Liver Status in a Cohort of Polytransfused B-Thalassemia Major (BTM) on Long Term Desferrioxamine (DfO) or Deferiprone (L1).

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 3732-3732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Saleh Elalfy ◽  
Iman Abdin
Keyword(s):  
Thalassemia Major ◽  
Iron Chelators ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Liver Iron ◽  
Iron Storage ◽  
Liver Iron Content ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Insignificant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The liver is the main body site for iron storage. Iron chelators as DFo and L1 had problems of compliance and intolerance respectively. This prospective study enrolled 76 BTM patients aged from 9–33 years, mean of 14±4.4 to evaluate the effectiveness of both chelators judged by serum ferritin (sf) and liver iron content (LIC) using repeated liver biopsies. Fifty patients were on DFo 35 mg/kg/day 5 days per week and twenty-six were on L1 75 mg/kg/day on daily bases. Mean baseline sf values were 3678±1922 and 3573±1879 ng/ml while mean baseline LIC was 19.2±7.9 and 18.9±8.1 mg fe/g dw, while 12% and 14% showed evidence of liver fibrosis (score ≥ 3) respectively. Twenty-four months later; a decline in sf by 287±837 in Dfo (In Dfo compliant group [number = 30]who had received ≥ 75% of planned dose; sf dropped by 890±437 while increased in DFo non compliant by 621±513). While falling by 729±633 in L1 group. A decrease in LIC by 3.9±2.8 mg fe/g dw (−5.8±3.1 in Dfo compliant,+2.6±3.3 in Dfo non compliant) and falling by 2.2±3.4 mg fe/g dw in L1 group, the difference was statistically significant P< 0.05 between compliant and non compliant DFo and insignificant difference between Dfo and L1.The mean iron excretion: intake was 1.61,0.86 and 1.48 in Dfo compliant, non compliant and L1 respectively. A positive correlation was found between sf and LIC in both groups. Fibrosis was improved in Dfo compliant group better than L1 but no statistically significant difference was observed, while progressive fibrosis in 10% of Dfo non compliant group. All Dfo compliant group completed study, 18 out of 20 Dfo non compliant while six L1 patients discontinued the drug prematurely (3 severe gastrointestinal disturbances, 2 severe arthralgia and one repeated neutropenia). Conclusion: Both Dfo and L1 are effective iron chelators evident by drop in sf, LIC and improved fibrosis, however compliance and intolerance are still troublesome.

scholarly journals Measurement of loosening torque of prosthetic components in Morse taper connection implants

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Dimas João Rodrigues Neto ◽  
Giordano Maciel Silva ◽  
Daiane Cerutti-Kopplin ◽  
Jefferson Ricardo Pereira ◽  
Keila Cristina Raush ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Steel Base ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Minute Interval ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Torque Values ◽  
Student’S T Test

AIM: The aim of this study was to verify two different types of interfaces in Morse taper connection implants, relating the mechanical resistance to a loosening torque that is required to separate or move the prosthetic abutment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ten Morse taper connection implants and their respective abutments were divided into two groups (n = 5), DH (double hexagon) interface and OI (octagonal implant) interface. A standard insertion of implants was performed in a stainless steel base, where each abutment received a sequence of two consecutive tightening torques at a 10-minute interval, followed by a loosening torque, which was measured using a digital torque gauge. The Student’s t-test with a 5% significance level was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The results showed a statistically significant difference in the loosening torque values compared with DH torque values (p < 0.05). However, the difference between tightening and loosening torque values was not statistically significant in the OI group (p = 0.465). CONCLUSION: The study concluded that there was a difference in the torque required to loosen the abutment screws between the DH group and the OI group, with the latter showing better results.

scholarly journals ІНКЛЮЗИВНЕ СУСПІЛЬСТВО: СОЦІАЛЬНО-ПОЛІТИЧНІ ВИМІРИ

2019 ◽  
pp. 189-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
О. М. Роговський
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mutual Conversion ◽  
Inclusive Society ◽  
Main Attribute ◽  
Significant Attention ◽  
Selective Process

The article considers the forms of functioning and the peculiarities of the inclusive society. The details of the processes of inclusion-exclusion that together fulfill the selection in all the spheres of society are considered. The significant attention is given to the revealing of the specificity of selective process in the social and cultural and political spheres of society, that are related in a compensatory way between themselves: the predominance of the exclusion in one sphere is compensated by the inclusivity of the second sphere. There was identified a significant difference in the way of the selection in traditional, totalitarian and democratic societies. In the first one it is homogeneous and linear, in the second - open and heterogeneous with a possibility of goal and value changing, including (self)denial and the risks of instability. With P. Sorokin's work as an example the unity of the processes of inclusivity growth and the democratization of the education and of the society in general is shown. The main differences between the processes of inclusion, integration and exclusion, differentiation and the centered and centrifugal flows in society are shown. It is important that the processes of differentiation and integration are multiple and include both inclusive and exclusive aspects, that is a double effect and consequences. That is why the modern society is developing basing itself not only on the differentiation (according to N. Luhmann), but on the mobile balance and the regulation of the contradictory processes including differentiation-integration, ecxlusion-inclusion by means of «modalization» of the difference between them and the possibility of their mutual conversion and combination. The inclusivity facilitates bringing together, coordination of different subjects' activity and the integrative processes in general. These last ones are necessary for the solving of global problem of nowadays. The processes of selection and inclusion taking place in different spheres facilitate the transforming of the power and traditionally hierarchical structures into the democratic ones. The main forms of selection are shown: patterns, functionality, education, complexity. It is identified that the inclusivity is the main attribute and form of development of a democratic society.

Legal policy and legal culture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Haustova
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Information Society ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Legal Culture ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Legal Policy ◽  
Stage Of Development

Problem setting. The current stage of world development is characterized by the deepening of the processes of integration of political, economic, cultural life of the world. The term “globalization” has come into wide use as a characteristic of the formation of a single planetary society. Target of research is to highlight the main provisions of the dynamic system of knowledge about the information society, the legal policy of the country as a tool for legal development of modern society. Analysis of resent researches and publications. The issue of correlation between legal policy and legal culture has been analysed by V.D. Zorkin, A.V. Malko, V.A. Zatonsky, I.V. Yakovyuk and others. Articles main body. The article states that the implementation of effective legal policy at the present stage of development of Ukrainian society is one of the defining conditions for its further democratic reform, strengthening the rule of law, information society, digital competitive market economy, ensuring human and civil rights and freedoms. It is emphasized that the social dimension of globalization is studied in terms of the possibility of building a global civil society with common values and ideological attitudes, a high level of social mobility, the emergence of global culture and the globalization of public consciousness. The concept of digital society and its principles are analyzed. It is determined that legal policy is a reflection of the fact that the law itself should act as a way of building, arranging the modern world. The connection between legal policy and legal culture is emphasized Conclusions.and prospects for the development. It is concluded that legal policy, which is based on the legal culture of society and the individual, is an effective means of organization, a way of organizing the legal life of society. It is the state that must take on the roles of leader and experimenter, regulator and defender and promoter of digital transformations in Ukraine.

scholarly journals Effect of different types of acid-etching agents and adhesives on enamel discoloration during orthodontic treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Arman Mohmmadi Shayan ◽  
Ahmad Behroozian ◽  
Amirhouman Sadrhaghighi ◽  
Amirmohammad Dolatabadi ◽  
Sevda Hashemzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Phosphoric Acid Solution ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Fluoride Release ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Difference

Background. Acid etching and bonding is a routine process in orthodontic treatment. The present study aimed to evaluate enamel discoloration after using different types of acid etching and adhesive agents. Methods. A total of 105 extracted human premolars were divided into six groups regarding the type of acid etching agent: solution and gel of 37% phosphoric acid, and type of self-cured adhesive agent: Unite (3M, fluoride-free), Resilience (Ortho Technology), and Rely-a-Bond (Reliance, fluoride-releasing adhesive), with each group containing 15 specimens. All the selected teeth were subjected to a staining process, and color parameters were determined using a spectrophotometer. Results. The type of phosphoric acid (solution or gel) had no significant effect on the color change of enamel (P>0.05). Resilience significantly changed the enamel color compared to the Unite and Rely-a-Bond (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in color change between the Unite and Rely-a-Bond adhesives (P=0.67). The difference in color change between all the three time intervals (T0-T1, T1-T2, and T0-T2) was significant (P<0.001). Conclusion. In this study, the type of phosphoric acid (solution or gel) did not result in any significant difference in enamel color. Also, considering the lack of the effect of the orthodontic adhesive type in terms of fluoride release or no fluoride release, it can be concluded that this is most affected by the commercial brand of adhesives.

scholarly journals In Vitro Comparative Evaluation of Different Types of Impression Trays and Impression Materials on the Accuracy of Open Tray Implant Impressions: A Pilot Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonam Gupta ◽  
Aparna Ichalangod Narayan ◽  
Dhanasekar Balakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Reference Model ◽  
Coordinate Measuring Machine ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Impression Material ◽  
Impression Materials ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Measuring Machine ◽  
The Difference

Purpose. For a precise fit of multiple implant framework, having an accurate definitive cast is imperative. The present study evaluated dimensional accuracy of master casts obtained using different impression trays and materials with open tray impression technique.Materials and Methods. A machined aluminum reference model with four parallel implant analogues was fabricated. Forty implant level impressions were made. Eight groups (n=5) were tested using impression materials (polyether and vinylsiloxanether) and four types of impression trays, two being custom (self-cure acrylic and light cure acrylic) and two being stock (plastic and metal). The interimplant distances were measured on master casts using a coordinate measuring machine. The collected data was compared with a standard reference model and was statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA.Results. Statistically significant difference (p<0.05) was found between the two impression materials. However, the difference seen was small (36 μm) irrespective of the tray type used. No significant difference (p>0.05) was observed between varied stock and custom trays.Conclusions. The polyether impression material proved to be more accurate than vinylsiloxanether impression material. The rigid nonperforated stock trays, both plastic and metal, could be an alternative for custom trays for multi-implant impressions when used with medium viscosity impression materials.

scholarly journals Morphological characteristics of different types of distal radius die-punch fractures based on three-column theory

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhua Zhou ◽  
Wen Tang ◽  
Dong Li ◽  
Yongwei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Distal Radius ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Single Column ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Intermediate Column ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Consistency

Abstract Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the morphological characteristics of distal radius die-punch fracture (DRDPF) with different types, based on the three-column theory. Methods The imaging data of 560 patients diagnosed with DRDPF were reviewed and divided into single-column, double-column, or three-column DRDPF according to the three-column theory, and the types, case distribution of DRDPF, and inter- and intra-agreement of classification were further analyzed. Results There were 65 cases of single-column DRDPF, 406 cases of double-column DRDPF, and 89 cases of three-column DRDPF. Among the single-column DRDPF, there were three cases of volar, 13 cases of dorsal, 14 cases of split, and 35 cases of collapse type fractures. Among the radius column fracture, there were 130 cases of metaphseal,155 cases of articular surface, and 210 cases of combined type. The inter-observer Kappa coefficient was 0.877–0.937, and the intra-observer kappa was 0.916–0.959, showing high agreement. At the 12th month’s follow-up, according to the Gartland–Werley score system for the functionary recovery of the wrist and hand, 519 cases (92.68%) of the patients ranked excellent or good, and 41 cases (7.32%) ranked fair. All the cases were fair results, and the intermediate column of the distal radius was collapse type fractures, showing significant difference between the collapse type and other types (χ2 = 23.460, P = 0.000). The excellent and good rate in the single-, double-, and three-column DRDPFs were 93.85%, 92.16%, and 91.01%, respectively (χ2 = 0.018, P = 0.991). Conclusion Due to the difference of the nature and energy of the forces, the position of wrist, and the bone quality of the patients at the moment of the injury, the loading forces transmitted to the intermediate column of the distal radius could result in different types of DRDPF. The classification method in this study included all types of DRDPF, indicating the mechanism, affected sites, and the morphological characteristics of DRDPF with high consistency, which hopefully could provide insight into the treatment and prognosis of DRDPF patients.

scholarly journals Impact of a freeway on the dispersal of ticks and Ixodes ricinus-borne pathogens: forested resting areas may become Lyme disease hotspots

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sándor Hornok ◽  
Maria Mulvihill ◽  
Krisztina Szőke ◽  
Enikő Gönczi ◽  
Kinga M. Sulyok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pathogen Prevalence ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Two Sides

Man-made barriers are well known for their effects on ecosystems. Habitat fragmentation, for instance, is a recognised consequence of modern-day infrastructure. The aim of the present study was to investigate the diversity and abundance of tick species, as well as the risks of acquiring tick-borne infections in habitats adjacent to a freeway. Therefore, ixodid ticks were collected from the vegetation at two-week intervals (in the main tick season, from March to June) in eight habitats of different types (forest, grove, grassland) along both sides of a freeway. Ixodes ricinus females were molecularly screened for three species of tick-borne bacteria. In the study period, 887 ixodid ticks were collected. These included 704 I. ricinus (79.4%), 51 Dermacentor reticulatus (5.7%), 78 D. marginatus (8.8%), 35 Haemaphysalis inermis (3.9%) and 19 H. concinna (2.1%). There was no significant difference in the abundance of tick species between similar habitats separated by the freeway, except for the absence of Dermacentor spp. on one side. In I. ricinus females, the overall prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum was low, and (in part due to this low rate) did not show significant difference between the two sides of the freeway. Rickettsia helvetica had significantly different overall prevalence between two distant habitats along the same side of the freeway (12.3% vs. 31.4%), but not between habitats on the opposite sides. Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. showed significantly different overall prevalence between habitats both on the same and on the opposite sides of the freeway (8.6–35.9%), and the difference was higher if relevant habitats were also separated by the freeway. Importantly, the prevalence rate of the Lyme disease agent was highest in a forested resting area of the freeway, and was significantly inversely proportional to the prevalence of A. phagocytophilum (taking into account all evaluated habitats), apparently related to deer population density. Prevalence rates of these bacteria also differed significantly on single sampling occasions between: (1) closely situated habitats of different types; (2) distant and either similar or different habitat types; and (3) habitats on the opposite sides of the freeway. In conclusion, the findings of the present study show that a fenced freeway may contribute to differences in tick species diversity and tick-borne pathogen prevalence along its two sides, and this effect is most likely a consequence of its barrier role preventing deer movements.

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN JENIS PAKAN TERHADAP PERTAMBAHAN BOBOT BADAN DAN MORTALITAS KELINCI DI KABUPATEN BLITAR

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
Vito Setia Nanda ◽  
Nita opi Ari kustanti ◽  
Agustina Widyasworo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Significant Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Difference

This research was conducted to determine the weight gain and mortality of rabibits with different types of feed. The method used is proposive sampling by participating in direct observation and being actively involved in this farming activity, especially those releted to the analysis of meat rabbit production located in Blitar Regency. From the results of research conducted on 30 rabbits, the difference in body weight gain between the first treatment using concentrate and the second treatment using forage had a significant difference. By using concentrate feed, three was a mortality of 0.15 during maintenance. Whereas in the treatment using forage, there was a mortality of 0.36. Body weight gain in rabbits treated with concentrate feed experienced a significant rate of increase. From the results of the research conducted, different types of feed have an effect on weight gain and mortality of rabbits

scholarly journals Sex-based Short-term Memory of Vocabulary Trained with Pease and Pease’s Multimodality

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Hasan Arifuddin
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Training ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Modality Preference

Abstract Rose and Nicholl’s  view dealing with the effectiveness of multisensory learning seems contradictory with Pease and Pease’s theory regarding with gender-based multitasking. The present study aims at: 1)  determining the significance of the difference of STM of English vocabulary between males and females learned through different types of modalities; 2) testing  whether multimodality lowers  males’  STM of English vocabulary; and 3) exploring the trainees’ modality preference and their reasons based on sex.  This mix-methods study involved 60 subjects drawn through Allocation Random Sampling. Data were collected with tests, a structured questionnaire, an interview, a tape-recorder, observations and note-taking. They were analyzed with Two-way Anova, Chi-square (χ2) and cyclical qualitative analysis. It shows that: 1) there is a significant difference of  STM of English vocabulary between males and females trained with different types of modalities; 2) multimodality did not lower males’ STM of English vocabulary; and 3) Pease and Pease’s theory is not accepted. The effectiveness of a certain type of modality, their learning habits, and their school regulations  contribute to their  modality preference. Key words:  multitasking, multimodality, sex, short-term memory, training, development

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