scholarly journals REFLECTION OF LINGUISTIC PLURALISM IN PHONOLOGICAL CONCEPTS

2016 ◽  
pp. 186-194
Author(s):  
E. B. Trofimova
Keyword(s):  
Research Area ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Scientific Pluralism ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Complete Match

The paper consists of two parts. The first part presents the overview of scientific pluralism as a phenomenon that pertains any type of science, which has held a certain way of formation and development over the years. The «pros» and «cons» of pluralism are considered. «Pros» include the possibility of expanding the research area by introducing the new language material, and through the usage of non-traditional approaches to the research object; «cons» include the low level of reasoning observed in some cases when forming new concepts. Reductionism opposes pluralism. It appears with the absolutization of a single or authors’ approaches to the research object. The second part covers the analysis of the following foreign and Russian phonological concepts: descriptive American phonology, two varieties of generative phonology –standard generative phonology and natural generative phonology, the phonological concept of Nikolai Trubetzkoy, Moscow and Leningrad phonological schools, the concept of «late» Ruben Avanesov, phonological concept of Sebastian Shaumyan. Theoretical contribution of each concept along with the possibility of its pragmatic applicability is estimated. Concepts are compared firstly, according to the reflection of sound acoustic-articulatory characteristics in the phoneme (phoneme-sound correlation principle); secondly, according to the phonemic structure in paradigmatics and syntagmatics. The absence of complete match of these parameters in concepts indicates the manifestation of pluralism in the area of phonological research.

Document Image Quality Assessment with Relaying Reference to Determine Minimum Readable Resolution for Compression

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (9) ◽  
pp. 323-1-323-8
Author(s):  
Litao Hu ◽  
Zhenhua Hu ◽  
Peter Bauer ◽  
Todd J. Harris ◽  
Jan P. Allebach
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Image Quality Assessment ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Input Image ◽  
Quality Score ◽  
Document Image ◽  
Digital Cameras ◽  
Active Research ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Image quality assessment has been a very active research area in the field of image processing, and there have been numerous methods proposed. However, most of the existing methods focus on digital images that only or mainly contain pictures or photos taken by digital cameras. Traditional approaches evaluate an input image as a whole and try to estimate a quality score for the image, in order to give viewers an idea of how “good” the image looks. In this paper, we mainly focus on the quality evaluation of contents of symbols like texts, bar-codes, QR-codes, lines, and hand-writings in target images. Estimating a quality score for this kind of information can be based on whether or not it is readable by a human, or recognizable by a decoder. Moreover, we mainly study the viewing quality of the scanned document of a printed image. For this purpose, we propose a novel image quality assessment algorithm that is able to determine the readability of a scanned document or regions in a scanned document. Experimental results on some testing images demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.

scholarly journals A Check on Annotation in Sentiment Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S8) ◽  
pp. 1346-1350
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Sentiment Analysis ◽  
English Language ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Manual Annotation ◽  
Automatic Annotation ◽  
Annotation Method ◽  
New Concepts

The research literature on sentiment analysis methodologies has exponentially grown in recent years. In any research area, where new concepts and techniques are constantly introduced, it is, therefore, of interest to analyze the latest trends in this literature. In particular, we have chosen to primarily focus on the literature of the last five years, on annotation methodologies, including frequently used datasets and from which they were obtained. Based on the survey, it appears that researchers do more manual annotation in the formation of sentiment corpus. As for the dataset, there are still many uses of English language taken from social media such as Twitter. In this area of research, there are still many that need to be explored, such as the use of semi-automatic annotation method that is still very rarely used by researchers. Also, less popular languages, such as Malay, Korean, Japanese, and so on, still require corpus for sentiment analysis research.

scholarly journals Revisiting the Foundations of Abstract Argumentation – Semantics Based on Weak Admissibility and Weak Defense

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (03) ◽  
pp. 2742-2749
Author(s):  
Ringo Baumann ◽  
Gerhard Brewka ◽  
Markus Ulbricht
Keyword(s):  
Classical Case ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Major Research ◽  
Abstract Argumentation ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Problematic Issue ◽  
Rigorous Study ◽  
Grounded Semantics ◽  
Special Case

In his seminal 1995 paper, Dung paved the way for abstract argumentation, a by now major research area in knowledge representation. He pointed out that there is a problematic issue with self-defeating arguments underlying all traditional semantics. A self-defeat occurs if an argument attacks itself either directly or indirectly via an odd attack loop, unless the loop is broken up by some argument attacking the loop from outside. Motivated by the fact that such arguments represent self-contradictory or paradoxical arguments, he asked for reasonable semantics which overcome the problem that such arguments may indeed invalidate any argument they attack. This paper tackles this problem from scratch. More precisely, instead of continuing to use previous concepts defined by Dung we provide new foundations for abstract argumentation, so-called weak admissibility and weak defense. After showing that these key concepts are compatible as in the classical case we introduce new versions of the classical Dung-style semantics including complete, preferred and grounded semantics. We provide a rigorous study of these new concepts including interrelationships as well as the relations to their Dung-style counterparts. The newly introduced semantics overcome the issue with self-defeating arguments, and they are semantically insensitive to syntactic deletions of self-attacking arguments, a special case of self-defeat.

A Visual Saliency Detection Approach by Fusing Low-Level Priors With High-Level Priors

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-37
Author(s):  
Monika Singh ◽  
Anand Singh Singh Jalal ◽  
Ruchira Manke ◽  
Aamir Khan
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Distance ◽  
Saliency Detection ◽  
Visual Saliency ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Detection Approach ◽  
Art Methods ◽  
High Level ◽  
Visual Saliency Detection

Saliency detection has always been a challenging and interesting research area for researchers. The existing methodologies either focus on foreground regions or background regions of an image by computing low-level features. However, considering only low-level features did not produce worthy results. In this paper, low-level features, which are extracted using super pixels, are embodied with high-level priors. The background features are assumed as the low-level prior due to the similarity in the background areas and boundary of an image which are interconnected and have minimum distance in between them. High-level priors such as location, color, and semantic prior are incorporated with low-level prior to spotlight the salient area in the image. The experimental results illustrate that the proposed approach outperform the sate-of-the-art methods.

Identifying Challenges and Risks Associated with the Analysis of Major Mycotoxins in Feed and Botanicals

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 1689-1694
Author(s):  
Ujwal S. Patil ◽  
Sarah King ◽  
Sean Holleran ◽  
Kristen White ◽  
Cheryl Stephenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Mycotoxin Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lc Tandem Ms ◽  
Preparation Techniques

Changing weather conditions have heightened the risk of growth of mycotoxigenic molds on crops and various agricultural commodities. Mycotoxins, which are linked to carcinogenic and nephrotoxic effects in animals and humans, have been traditionally analyzed by immunoassays, gas, and LC techniques with spectrophotometric detectors. This review discusses the current techniques and challenges in commercial settings associated with the analysis of mycotoxins in unique matrices such as animal feeds, herbal products, and dietary supplements containing botanicals. Because of the advantages and growing acceptance of LC-tandem MS (MS/MS) over traditional approaches, discussion is mainly based on LC-MS/MS-based approaches. Considering the impact of sample preparation on accuracy of quantitative results, discussion about pros and cons of recently introduced sample preparation techniques is integrated with analytical methods. A section of the review explains the importance and availability of reference materials for mycotoxins. The present discussion provides good insight into the current challenges and developments during mycotoxin analysis of feed and botanicals and addresses the need for researchers in terms of an official MS-based method.

The Efficacy of a Low-Level Program Visualization Tool for Teaching Programming Concepts to Novice C Programmers

2000 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip A. Smith ◽  
Geoffrey I. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Experimental Confirmation ◽  
Program Execution ◽  
Visualization Tool ◽  
Program Visualization ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Visualization Tools

It is widely agreed that learning to program is difficult. Program visualization tools make visible aspects of program execution which are often hidden from the user. While several program visualization tools aimed at novice programmers have been developed over the past decade there is little empirical evidence showing that novices actually benefit from their use [1]. In this article we describe a “Glass-box Interpreter” called Bradman. An experiment is presented which tests the efficacy of Bradman in assisting novice programmers learn programming concepts. We show that students that used the glass-box interpreter achieved greater understanding of some programming concepts than those without access. We also give evidence that the student's ability to assimilate new concepts was enhanced by exposure to the glass-box interpreter. This is experimental confirmation that such tools are beneficial in helping novices learn programming.

scholarly journals Income and Employment Pattern of MNREGA Programme in District Sant Kabir Nagar

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Ambrish Kumar Verma ◽  
Bhartendu Yadav ◽  
Anil Sachan, Akash
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Personal Interview ◽  
Livelihood Security ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
Rural Livelihood ◽  
Employment Pattern ◽  
Pros And Cons

The MGNREGA scheme is an initiative to improve rural livelihood, but also there are several pros and cons. So, this research is being done to study the scheme in the selected area. The study was conducted using purposive cum random sampling procedure and seventy-five respondents were selected from a block of district. The data collected through personal interview method were classified, tabulated and analysed in the light of objectives of the study. MGNREGA is a beneficiary scheme that improves the socioeconomic face of the maximum rural households in the selected research area. It is seen that majority of the respondents are enjoying the income and employment rewards from the scheme and are further seeking it in the future. The wages provided and works assigned are found satisfactory to the households, and MGNREGA enhances livelihood security in the study area.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of the Use of Technology to Monitor Welfare in Zoo Animals: Is There Space for Improvement?

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3048
Author(s):  
Alessia Diana ◽  
Marina Salas ◽  
Zjef Pereboom ◽  
Michael Mendl ◽  
Tomas Norton
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Large Mammals ◽  
Automated Monitoring ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Zoo Animals ◽  
Traditional Approaches

A top priority of modern zoos is to ensure good animal welfare (AW), thus, efforts towards improving AW monitoring are increasing. Welfare assessments are performed through more traditional approaches by employing direct observations and time-consuming data collection that require trained specialists. These limitations may be overcome through automated monitoring using wearable or remotely placed sensors. However, in this fast-developing field, the level of automated AW monitoring used in zoos is unclear. Hence, the aim of this systematic literature review was to investigate research conducted on the use of technology for AW assessment in zoos with a focus on real-time automated monitoring systems. The search led to 19 publications with 18 of them published in the last six years. Studies focused on mammals (89.5%) with elephant as the most studied species followed by primates. The most used technologies were camera (52.6%) and wearable sensors (31.6%) mainly used to measure behaviour, while the use of algorithms was reported in two publications only. This research area is still young in zoos and mainly focused on large mammals. Despite an increase in publications employing automated AW monitoring in the last years, the potential for this to become an extra useful tool needs further research.

scholarly journals Improvement of Eyeglass Lens Production Using Simulation Modeling and Dynamic Buffer Optimization

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-208
Author(s):  
Daria Brun ◽  
Cezary Szwed
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Simulation Experiment ◽  
Quality Criterion ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Buffer Allocation ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
Experiment Method ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Applied Approach ◽  
Is Integration

Abstract The subject of the paper is the investigation of possible improvements to the process of eyeglass lenses production. The research area concerns the application of modern IT tools to the enhancement of production results, in the context of digitalization of the economy, including industry. The main objective is to improve the efficiency of the realized production process in terms of the defined quality criterion. The applied approach is based on a simulation experiment method. A computer program implementing this method was used. The results show the effectiveness and universality of the proposed approach for the studied class of problems. The main theoretical contribution to the studied field is integration of the buffer allocation issue, defined as an optimization problem, into the simulation experiment method. The practical conclusions show the benefits for the company from the perspective of implementation of the production process.

Extending Relationship Marketing to Human Resources Management Using the CaRM Approach to Personnel Recruitment

2011 ◽  
pp. 2112-2119
Author(s):  
Tobias Keim ◽  
Kerstin Fritsch
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Relationship Marketing ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Human Resources Management ◽  
Recent Change ◽  
Customer Relationship ◽  
Personnel Recruitment ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Since the early 1990s, relationship-oriented approaches to product and services marketing have gained increasing interest by research and practice. While the overall approach of managing customer interactions has been inherent to the ways of doing business ever since, the recent change from transaction-oriented to relationship-oriented marketing is typically considered as a major paradigm shift (Grönroos, 2004). The current boom of customer relationship management concepts and solutions is only one indicator of this development. However, while relationship marketing has been discussed in various contexts such as business-to-business and business-to-consumer marketing, little attention so far has been paid to the question of what such an approach could add to the human resources field. This is astonishing as labor markets due to demographic effects and other changes in labor offer and demand tend to get increasingly narrow. Thus, traditional approaches to personnel marketing might no longer be sufficient and new concepts for the successful recruitment of qualified staff might be needed. Therefore, our research question is: How can we transfer the concepts of relationship marketing to personnel recruitment and what are potential benefits of such an approach? In order to answer this question, we present an approach for the ISsupported management of employer-candidate relationships. We outline two major dimensions of the approach together with selected validation results. The objective is to enhance human resources information systems (HRIS) research and to present an approach that could potentially assist employers in better facing mid-term shortages of qualified staff on a drastically changing labor market.

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