scholarly journals LINGUISTIC EXPERTISE IN LEGAL DISCOURSE: TYPES AND ASPECTS

2017 ◽  
pp. 164-172
Author(s):  
M. V. Batyushkina
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Legal Discourse ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Logical Method ◽  
General Scientific

The article is devoted to the relevance of special linguistic knowledge in legal discourse and the determination of the competence of an expert linguist. It features the analyses of the basis for the use of linguistic expertise in the aspect of the legal discourse. Special attention is given to the analysis of the relation between the concept of juridical discourse and the legislative discourse, law enforcement discourse, court discourse. The problem of classification of linguistic expertise with application of methods of the theory of classification and an example of subsumption classification division of linguistic expertise are considered. The problem of classification of linguistic expertise can be solved only through a systematic approach. It is shown that one of the most important issues of modern linguistic expertise is the problem of the choice from a wide range of experts as well as the interdisciplinary competence of the forensic linguist. The article includes analysis of the requirements to the experts. It is demonstrated that integrated (inter-disciplinary) investigations may be carried out, as it often happen in current practice, by a single examiner possessing all the necessary qualifications. The study is based on the general scientific dialectical method. The author uses the following special methods: systemstructural  method,  logical  method,  comparative  method,  as  well  as  induction and analysis. The presented results provide ideas for further discussion on the problem of classification of linguistic expertise and interdisciplinary competence of the linguist-expert. 

Current State of Legislation, Law Enforcement and Judicial Practice in the Sphere of Conclusion, Modification and Termination of Lease Agreements for Land Plots, Concluded for Construction Purposes

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
V. V. Cheremukhin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Synthesis System ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Current State ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Statistical Indicators

Construction, as a sphere of the national economy, has impressive statistical indicators, determining the importance and relevance of its proper legal regulation, especially in terms of land use for relevant purposes. This article discusses the current situation in the sphere of provision of land plots for construction purposes, further alteration and termination of the relevant lease relations; provides a detailed analysis of the current legislation, law enforcement and judicial practice in such sphere. The purpose of the article is to analyze and summarize legislation judicial and law enforcement practice in this area, as well as the development of specific directions for a comprehensive dissertation research, proposals for improving the legislation regulating these relations. This goal is achieved by solving tasks such as studying of the existing legal regulation of disputed legal relations, law enforcement and judicial practice, identification of problematic and conflict-of-laws issues in the field under consideration, review of the degree of scientific development of the research topic, determination of trends in the development of this sphere of legal relations, development of specific proposals for changing legislation and law enforcement practice. General scientific (synthesis, system analysis, analogy) and special (formal-legal, comparative-legal) methods are used to solve the above problems. Based on the results of consideration of these issues, the author formulates the main problems of the legal relations under consideration, an assessment of the current degree of scientific development of this field is given, the main directions of the planned scientific research are also outlined, proposals are formulated to improve legislation and law enforcement practice.

scholarly journals On jurisdiction in case of extradition of a foreign citizen by the Russian Federation: the problems of theory and law enforcement practice

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Alexander Fedyunin
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Criminal Procedure Law ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Specific Regulation

The subject of this research is the issues emerging in consideration of jurisdiction of the material on extradition of a foreign citizen by the Russian Federation. The article touches upon the peculiarities of national and territorial aspect of jurisdiction, and its specific regulation in the criminal procedure law. The article employs the general scientific and private scientific methods, such as scientific analysis, generalization, comparative-legal, formal-logical, which allowed to most fully reflect the essence and problematic aspects of the selected topic. The question at hand is of major importance for the theory of criminal procedure and law enforcement practice, as the mistakes in determination of jurisdiction of the material are a severe violation of the rights, including the convict, and entail the unconditional annulment of court decision. The analysis of the most common mistakes occurred in application of the norms regulating the jurisdiction of extradition of a foreign citizen convicted by the court of the Russian Federation, as well as theoretical issues associated with determination of the court that deals with the particular issue allows outlining the vector and finding solution to the indicated problems.

Legal Problems of Corruption Crimes Classification

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Екатерина Черепанова ◽  
Ekaterina Cherepanova
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Correct Classification ◽  
Legal Assessment ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
Legal Science ◽  
Current Activity ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Criminal Legislation

The main goal of criminal legal science is determination of correlation between action and characteristics of corpus delicti which is constituted by criminal legislation. Only correct classification of crimes can guarantee justice preserved by law. The criminal legal assessment of corruption crimes is a separate problem of classification. Classification of such crimes is difficult in current activity of lawenforcement authorities and courts because of the conflict of law, redundancy of estimation definitions, etc. Besides the problem of counteraction of corruption was formulated as the main challenge of state. In the article are analyzed the legislation and law-enforcement practice. The conclusion contains recommendations which can lower the amount of mistakes in corruption crimes classification.

Target modeling and deduction of automotive radar resolution requirements for pedestrian classification

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 433-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugen Schubert ◽  
Martin Kunert ◽  
Frank Meinl ◽  
Wolfgang Menzel
Keyword(s):  
Radar Signal ◽  
Automotive Radar ◽  
Radar Sensors ◽  
Sensor Model ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Collision Mitigation ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽  
Accident Scenarios

Pedestrian Collision Mitigation Systems (PCMS) are already in the market for some years. Due to continuously evolving EuroNCAP regulations their presence will increase. Visual sensors, already capable of pedestrian classification, provide functional benefits, because the reaction behavior can be optimized when the imminent collision object is recognized as pedestrian or cyclist. Nevertheless their performance will suffer under adverse environmental conditions like darkness, fog, rain or backlight. Even in such unfavorable situations the performance of radar sensors is not significantly deteriorated. Enabling classification capability to automotive radar will further improve road safety and will lower PCMS's overall costs. In this paper, a multi-reflection-point pedestrian target model based on motion analysis is presented. Together with an appropriate sensor model, pedestrian radar signal responses can be provided for a wide range of accident scenarios. Additionally velocity separation requirements that are needed for classification of pedestrians are derived from the simulations. Besides determination of classification features, the model discloses the limits of classical radar signal processing and further offers the opportunity to evaluate parametric spectral analysis. Based on simulated and measured baseband radar signals of pedestrians one of these techniques is deeper analyzed and its enhancement especially on the velocity separation capability is evaluated.

scholarly journals CRIMINOLOGICAL TENDENCIES OF YOUTH CRIME IN LATVIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (87) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Aldona Kipāne
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Young People ◽  
Risk Society ◽  
Youth Crime ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Active Response ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Insight Into

In the age of risk society, the word “crime” is gaining more and more importance. Today’s rapid economic development, dynamic and rather controversial technological processes, which describe the current global environment, call for a more active response to crime as one of the top priorities. In recent years, criminal offences committed by young people, especially minors, are a priority issue for law enforcement authorities, society and the state. The term “youth crime” in criminology has been introduced relatively recently. This topic has been little studied in Latvia. The paper provides an insight into the criminological scope of youth crime. The author would like to launch a discussion on the criminological study prospect of youth crime in Latvia.The aim of the paper is to describe the phenomenon of youth crime by analysing the theoretical and practical aspects. The topicality of the study of the youth crimes’ criminological aspect is determined by the prevalence of this type of crime and the problems in identifying and prevention of it. Such tasks of the study are defined: to describe the criminological content of youth crime and to provide the criminological classification of a subject; to analyse its causes and circumstances contributing to it; to discover the content of criminological prevention. The study is based on the opinions and conclusions of scientists and different documents. Several methods of general scientific research and specific methods are used in the paper: monographic and constructive approaches, logical interpretation, statistical methods and the method of legal norms’ interpretation.The author concludes that youth crime is a complex, dynamic criminological phenomenon with certain regularities, which determine its formation and existence. The author acknowledges that criminological importance is got by early prevention measures, especially for young people whose behaviour manifests itself in a criminal inclination or takes place in a hostile or criminal environment.

scholarly journals Classification of factors determining criminality in the sphere of housing and utilities infrastructure

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-25
Author(s):  
Denis Yur'evich Goncharov
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Research Subject ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Determination System ◽  
General Scientific

The research object is criminality in the sphere of housing and utilities infrastructure. The research subject is the combination of factors determining criminality in this sphere. The topicality of such a classification is conditioned by a special role of the housing and utilities infrastructure in the country’s economy. All crimes committed in the housing and utilities infrastructure, trespassing upon property, also threaten public safety. The author uses general scientific methods of dialectics, analysis and generalization, as well as specific methods of summarizing and grouping. The author formulates the classification of factors determining criminality in the sphere of housing and utilities infrastructure. The classification is based on the distinction between objective (external) and subjective (internal) factors. The former ones are historically determined, i.e. caused by the existing mechanisms functioning in the sphere, which can be overwhelmed only by means of reforming the regulating legislation and modernizing the engineer infrastructure. The latter ones are caused by the drawbacks in the organization of public authorities supervising the housing and utilities infrastructure, and law enforcement bodies. The proposed determination system allows organizing comprehensive and targeted planning of measures preventing this type of criminality.   

scholarly journals Criminal law tools of combatting transnational corruptive criminality

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 663-684
Author(s):  
Olga A. Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
International Crime ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Structural Method ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Special Part ◽  
General Part ◽  
Comprehensive Classification

One of the most serious problems in the field of combating crime is the fight against transnational corruption crime. This type of crime already (de facto and de jure) exists as international crime and has a specific subject composition, geography of commission and complex objective reasons. The core of transnational corruption crime is bribery widely used by transnational corporations for achieving their corporate purposes. Combatting such crimes by means of criminal law is carried out at various levels: international, interregional, regional, subregional, bilateral, and domestic. The purpose of this article is to characterize transnational corruption, which is one of the forms of self-determination of crime. The article provides a comprehensive classification of corruption crimes based on various criminal law and criminological criteria. The author pays special attention to the fact that all transnational corruption crimes can be divided into main and auxiliary. At the same time, these two types of offences are often inseparable. The author proposes the main directions of criminal law impact on transnational corruption crime, which could be used in both the General part and Special part of criminal law. The methodology of the article is based on the laws of materialist dialectics. The article rests on a wide range of Russian and foreign sources of scientific, legal, statistical, sociological, and other nature. The author applied the following research methods: analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, systemic-structural method, logicallegal, and comparativelegal.

scholarly journals Organization of accounting and control of finished products of the enterprise

2020 ◽  
pp. 157-163
Author(s):  
Ivan Balaniuk ◽  
Olha Hryhoriv ◽  
Tetiana Ivanyuk
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
System Control ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Technological Complexity ◽  
Logical Method ◽  
Production Stages ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Control

Purpose. The aim of the article is to reveal theoretical bases of organization of accounting and control of finished products of the enterprise. Methodology of research. General scientific and special methods are used to achieve this goal: the dialectical method of scientific knowledge – to consider the nature of the finished product, to determine the main aspects of the organization of accounting and control of finished products; synthesis – for the classification of finished products; graphic – to visually display of the obtained results; abstract logical method – for the formation of conclusions and suggestions of the study. Findings. Various interpretations regarding the definition of the essence of “finished products” are considered in the article. The classification of finished products by form, level of readiness and technological complexity has been formed. The formation of finished product accounting at the enterprise is investigated. The features of the formation of a control system for the movement of finished products of the enterprise are considered. The main aspects of the organization of accounting for finished products are identified and typical correspondence for the accounting of products at the enterprise is proposed. Originality. The interpretation of the concept of “finished products” is systematized and generalized. It is proposed to consider the finished product as a product that has passed all production stages, meets all the delivered quality and technical characteristics and can be deposited for storage or immediately sold to the customer or buyer. An updated classification of finished products is proposed. Recommendations are developed to improve the control system of the entity. Practical value. The expediency of studying and further developing the process of organizing the accounting and control of finished products is proved. The results of the study can be used by industrial enterprises in the production and sale of products. Key words: finished products; production; system control; profit; sales.

scholarly journals Financial law enforcement acts in Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
E. Ruskowski
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
System Method ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Administrative Courts ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

The subject. The paper is devoted to the classification of financial law enforcement acts issued in Poland.The purpose of the paper is a typological analysis of the financial law enforcement acts in Poland depending on the subjects who issues such acts.The methodology. General scientific methods as analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, comparison were used. The system method made it possible to regularize a set of financial law enforcement acts, taking into account the subjects of law enforcement in Poland. The functional approach made it possible to identify the types of financial law enforcement acts, depending on their role in the system of law enforcement in Poland.The main results and scope of their application. The definition of the financial law enforcement act is proposed. Classification of subjects of financial law enforcement in Poland is carried out, their powers are covered and characteristics of the individual legal acts issued by them are al-located. The proposed qualitative analysis of law enforcement acts adopted in Poland may be-come a starting point for research in the field of financial law theory and comparative law.Conclusions. A financial law enforcement act is an act issued on the basis of the current rules of financial law by the authorized bodies, establishing or determining – in respect of an individual addressee – the rights and (or) obligations in a particular case in the field of public finance, or preparing their establishment or determination.The subjects applying the norms of financial law, can be divided into: bodies of financial ad-ministration, the courts (primarily administrative courts) and quasi-judicial bodies (e.g. the Commission, considering cases of violation of discipline of public finance). The first group of bodies issues decisions and orders (financial and legal acts), the bodies of the second group issue court decisions and court orders, the bodies of the third group issue decisions.The role of administrative courts in the financial law enforcement is significant. Significant number of financial cases, particularly concerning individual interpretations, in the total number of cases considered by such courts is an evidence.

scholarly journals АНАЛІЗ СУЧАСНОГО СТАНУ РОЗВИТКУ ВИСОТНИХ БЕЗПІЛОТНИХ ЛІТАЛЬНИХ АПАРАТІВ

2019 ◽  
pp. 28-41
Author(s):  
Тамара Павловна Цепляева ◽  
Антон Юрьевич Мигунов
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Unmanned Vehicles ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Range Of Functions

The development of unmanned aerial vehicles, at this time, is of great interest, both of the largest aircraft building companies and design enthusiasts, and among the total amount of development, the volume of high-altitude unmanned vehicles occupies one of the leading positions. In this regard, a very topical issue is the analysis of existing developments and the determination of the vector of future research in this direction. High-altitude unmanned vehicles have a wide range of functions, both in the field of military and civilian use. The work collected and analyzed statistical data of high-altitude unmanned aerial vehicles to determine advances in the design of high-altitude unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The current classification of UAVs was considered, as a result of the analysis of statistical data, options for its expansion were proposed. The flight characteristics of high-altitude UAVs are described. There are charts and tables showing the place of highaltitude UAVs in their total number. Also, flight performance, aerodynamic schemes and engine type, which are the most rational for high-altitude unmanned aerial vehicles according to their purpose and class, are defined.

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