scholarly journals Hybrid Characteristics of Prefixed Verbs in Yiddish

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1143-1151
Author(s):  
K. A. Shishigin
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
German Language ◽  
Base Word ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
The Impact

The research objective was to show the hybrid characteristics of prefixed verbs in Yiddish caused by its contact with Semitic and Slavic languages. The Yiddish system of verb prefixes, in particular, those with hybrid polysemy, is a phenomenon when the German form and German content acquired a very similar Slavic meaning. As a result, such prefixes retained the features of their German equivalents, while modifying their semantic, morphosyntactic, and word-formation potential. This phenomenon affected some Yiddish verbs under the impact of contacts with adstratum languages and intralinguistic tendencies. The present research featured Yiddish verbs with the ariber- prefix. The analysis revealed that Slavic adstratum semantic characteristics caused the hybridization of the Yiddish system of verb prefixes. As a result, Yiddish prefixed verbs were able to describe and conceptualize situations left out by the German language, but indicated by Slavic languages. To describe the same situation, the same base word in Yiddish could be combined with a larger amount of prefixes than in German and Slavic languages. Thus, synonymous series of prefix verbs in Yiddish occurred as a result of the hybridization of its German-based system with elements borrowed from Semitic and Slavic languages.

scholarly journals Rezension: Janusz Siatkowski, Studia nad słowiańsko-­niemieckimi kontaktami językowymi, Warszawa: Uniwersytet Warszawski 2015, 503 S.

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 315-328
Author(s):  
Thomas Menzel
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
German Language ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Current State ◽  
German Dialects ◽  
The Rich ◽  
State Of Research

Review: Janusz Siatkowski, Studia nad słowiańsko‑niemieckimi kontaktami językowymi, Warszawa: Uniwersytet Warszawski 2015, 503 pp.The article reviews a volume in which Professor Janusz Siatkowski presents lexical and word-formation borrowings from Slavic languages to general German and to German dialects. The book considers the entire area of Slavic-German contact (Livonia, Eastern Prussia, Western Prussia, Pomerania, Silesia, Czechia, Moravia and Austria) as well as Lusatia and territories more distant from the centuries-old language border, namely Saxony, Thuringia, Brandenburg and Mecklenburg. Special attention is paid by the author to borrowings in the works by the Upper-Silesian German language writer Horst Bienek.The reviewed work distinguishes a number of language contact constellations: 1) borrowed lexical roots with borrowed derivational suffixes; with direct counterparts in Slavic languages; 2) borrowed lexical roots with borrowed derivational suffixes; without direct source words in Slavic languages; 3) Slavic derivational suffixes with roots of German etymology; with counterparts in Slavic languages; 4) Slavic derivational suffixes with roots of German etymology; without source words in Slavic languages.Janusz Siatkowski argues that, especially in bilingual territories, language contact was so strong that derivational suffixes could be productive in German dialects irrespective of lexical borrowings. The rich lexicological material is discussed on an excellent scholarly level, in accordance with all criteria of philology and current state of research. The book is a true compendium of Slavic borrowings to German dialects. Recenzja: Janusz Siatkowski, Studia nad słowiańsko-niemieckimi kontaktami językowymi, Warszawa: Uniwersytet Warszawski 2015, ss. 503Omawiany w recenzji tom autorstwa prof. dr. hab. Janusza Siatkowskiego przedstawia zapożyczenia leksykalne i słowotwórcze z języków słowiańskich do języka niemieckiego oraz do gwar niemieckich. Książka uwzględnia całość historycznego areału kontaktów słowiańsko-niemieckich (Inflanty, Prusy Wschodnie, Prusy Zachodnie, Pomorze, Śląsk, Czechy, Morawy i Austria), a także Łużyce i tereny odległe od wielowiekowej granicy językowej, mianowicie Saksonię, Turyngię, Brandenburgię i Meklemburgię. Szczególną uwagę kieruje autor omawianego tomu na zapożyczenia w utworach górnośląskiego pisarza niemieckojęzycznego – Horsta Bienka.W pracy tej wyodrębniono szereg różnych konstelacji kontaktowych: 1) zapożyczone rdzenie leksykalne wraz z sufiksami derywacyjnymi, mające bezpośrednie odpowiedniki w językach słowiańskich; 2) zapożyczone rdzenie wraz z sufiksami derywacyjnymi, niemające bezpośrednich wzorów w językach słowiańskich; 3)słowiańskie sufiksy derywacyjne przy rdzeniach z etymologią niemiecką, mające odpowiedniki w językach słowiańskich; 4)słowiańskie sufiksy derywacyjne przy rdzeniach z etymologią niemiecką, niemające wzorów w językach słowiańskich.Janusz Siatkowski dowodzi, że zwłaszcza na terenach dwujęzycznych kontakty językowe były silne do tego stopnia, iż sufiksy derywacyjne mogły być produktywne w gwarach niemieckich niezależnie od zapożyczeń wyrazowych. Bogaty materiał leksykologiczny jest omówiony na wyśmienitym poziomie naukowym według wszystkich kryteriów filologicznych i na podstawie rozległego stanu badań. Książka może służyć jako kompendium zapożyczeń słowiańskich do gwar niemieckich.

scholarly journals Transfer in related Slavic languages

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 81-92
Author(s):  
Marta Pančíková ◽  
Alexander Horák
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Negative Transfer ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Positive Transfer ◽  
Language Transfer ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Impact

In the field of teaching Polish as a foreign language, transfer plays a major role. Positive transfer helps the users of closely related Slavic languages learn more quickly, while negative transfer should be closely monitored. Intercomprehension is a phenomenon which consists of guessing the meanings of related words and linguistic forms, and the ability to quickly understand languages which are closely related to the mother tongue of learners; in other words, it is a case of positive transfer. Intercomprehension in teaching related languages is directly associated with the phenomenon of language transfer. In the practice of teaching Polish as a non-native language in Slovakia and Czechia, teaching methods related to intercomprehension, including a contrast-based approach, have been applied for a long time. However, more focus has always been placed on negative transfer. In this article we provide examples of the impact of transfer, usually negative, at several linguistic planes in learning Polish by Slovaks and Slovak by Poles. The first author indicates two planes, those of inflection and syntax, using examples from the works of Polish students; the second author discusses the problems associated with lexis and indicates three planes: those of word formation, lexis, and style. Their discussions indicate that similarities help master a language more quickly and how important highlighting the differences for learners is.

The Impact of Anglicizing Former German-Language Psychology Journals on Authorship and Citation Frequencies

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Günter Krampen ◽  
Thomas Huckert ◽  
Gabriel Schui
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
English Language ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
German Language ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Number Of Citations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Number Of Authors

Exemplary for other than English-language psychology journals, the impact of recent Anglicization of five former German-language psychology journals on (1) authorship (nationality, i.e., native language, and number of authors, i.e., single or multiple authorships), (2) formal characteristics of the journal (number of articles per volume and length of articles), and (3) number of citations of the articles in other journal articles, the language of the citing publications, and the impact factors (IF) is analyzed. Scientometric data on these variables are gathered for all articles published in the four years before anglicizing and in the four years after anglicizing the same journal. Results reveal rather quick changes: Citations per year since original articles’ publication increase significantly, and the IF of the journals go up markedly. Frequencies of citing in German-language journals decrease, citing in English-language journals increase significantly after the Anglicization of former German-language psychology journals, and there is a general trend of increasing citations in other languages as well. Side effects of anglicizing former German-language psychology journals include the publication of shorter papers, their availability to a more international authorship, and a slight, but significant increase in multiple authorships.

scholarly journals Armed conflicts as a source of new formations in the Russian language (on material of the armed conflict in Donbass)

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
The South ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Russian Language

The vocabulary of a language is a variable quantity, it is constantly changing, responding to the needs of life and reflecting its new realities. The events taking place in the South-East of Ukraine since March 2014 have significantly changed the usual picture of the world of the parties involved in this conflict, led to a new interpretation of reality, the emergence of new mental constructs, objectified in the language using a number of lexical innovations, most of which fall under the definition of „hate speech”. The purpose of this article is to try to examine the impact of the armed conflict in the South-East of Ukraine on the emergence of lexical innovations in the Russian language, to identify ways of forming new units and their main thematic clusters. The material for the work was neoplasms recorded in electronic Russian and Russian-speaking Ukrainian mass media, as well as selected from social networks and videos. The analysis showed that in the context of the armed conflict in the South-East of Ukraine, the characteristic manifestations of „hate speech” are mainly numerous new categories-labels with a pronounced conflict potential. The priority in this regard is offensive and derogatory nominations of representatives of the opposite camp, taking into account their worldview / ideological, national / ethnic, territorial / regional characteristics. The military jargon has also undergone a significant update, incorporating not only the reactualized slangisms of the era of the Afghan campaign of 1979-89, but also lexical innovations caused by the military and political realities of the current armed conflict in the Donbas. Neologisms are formed in accordance with the existing methods in the Russian language (word formation, semantic derivation, borrowing). At the same time, non-standard word-forming techniques are also used (language play, homophony, etc.).

scholarly journals Books across borders: German-English literary translation in the contemporary German and Anglo-American contexts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sally-Ann Spencer
Keyword(s):  
English Translation ◽  
Literary Translation ◽  
German Language ◽  
German Studies ◽  
Translational Activity ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
American Book ◽  
Support Programmes ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

<p>This thesis examines discourses and practices surrounding German-English translated books in the contemporary German and Anglo-American contexts, focusing on works published as trade fiction. It thereby provides the chronological extension to an existing line of studies that evaluate the production and reception of German-English literary translations in the second half of the twentieth century: notably, the survey volumes by Uta Kreuter (1985), Mark Rectanus (1990a) and, more recently, Wiebke Sievers (2007) who concludes her assessment period in 1999.Continuing the investigation into the twenty-first century, the present thesis combines research into new developments in selected focal territories – Germany, the UK and US – with an enquiry into the contemporary relevance of political and other borders in the circulation of German-English translated books. It thus offers an up-to-date account of activities for German-English translation in these territories; at the same time, it contributes to sociologically oriented scholarship on a methodological and theoretical level.  The period under consideration is notable in two key respects. First, it coincides with technological innovations that are transforming the book business and calling into question existing communications paradigms (Bhaskar 2013). Assessing the impact of these innovations, the thesis examines changing licensing, publishing and retail practices for German-English translated books and evaluates the role of institutional and other frameworks in the circulation of literary products and texts. Second, activities for the translation of literature in the UK and US have proliferated since the early 2000s, indicating a need to move beyond Lawrence Venuti’s diagnosis of an Anglo-American disregard for translated literature (1995), which provides the backdrop for Sievers’s account of German-English translation in the UK (2007). Accordingly, the thesis considers German-English translated books in the context of this upsurge in projects to celebrate translation in the UK and US, and explores the intersection of activities for translation into English with programmes sponsored by intermediaries in Germany to promote the translation of German-language works.  The advancement of the thesis through the ‘macro, mezzo and micro’ levels of analysis serves, on the one hand, to illuminate different aspects of German-English literary translation and, on the other, to interrogate models for sociological translation research (Sapiro 2008). The investigation begins with an analysis of accounts of global translation production, revealing deficiencies in proposed mappings of translational activity and highlighting the deployment of statistical data on book translation for polemical or promotional ends. Drawing on original fieldwork and primary sources, it then considers publishing practices and support programmes for German-English translation in the UK and US, and examines the translational fortunes of selected German-language books and their UK and US editions, thereby connecting with current scholarship on the Anglo-American book business (Thompson 2012) and with research in German Studies associated with the ‘transnational’ paradigm (Taberner 2011a).</p>

scholarly journals Books across borders: German-English literary translation in the contemporary German and Anglo-American contexts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sally-Ann Spencer
Keyword(s):  
English Translation ◽  
Literary Translation ◽  
German Language ◽  
German Studies ◽  
Translational Activity ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
American Book ◽  
Support Programmes ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

<p>This thesis examines discourses and practices surrounding German-English translated books in the contemporary German and Anglo-American contexts, focusing on works published as trade fiction. It thereby provides the chronological extension to an existing line of studies that evaluate the production and reception of German-English literary translations in the second half of the twentieth century: notably, the survey volumes by Uta Kreuter (1985), Mark Rectanus (1990a) and, more recently, Wiebke Sievers (2007) who concludes her assessment period in 1999.Continuing the investigation into the twenty-first century, the present thesis combines research into new developments in selected focal territories – Germany, the UK and US – with an enquiry into the contemporary relevance of political and other borders in the circulation of German-English translated books. It thus offers an up-to-date account of activities for German-English translation in these territories; at the same time, it contributes to sociologically oriented scholarship on a methodological and theoretical level.  The period under consideration is notable in two key respects. First, it coincides with technological innovations that are transforming the book business and calling into question existing communications paradigms (Bhaskar 2013). Assessing the impact of these innovations, the thesis examines changing licensing, publishing and retail practices for German-English translated books and evaluates the role of institutional and other frameworks in the circulation of literary products and texts. Second, activities for the translation of literature in the UK and US have proliferated since the early 2000s, indicating a need to move beyond Lawrence Venuti’s diagnosis of an Anglo-American disregard for translated literature (1995), which provides the backdrop for Sievers’s account of German-English translation in the UK (2007). Accordingly, the thesis considers German-English translated books in the context of this upsurge in projects to celebrate translation in the UK and US, and explores the intersection of activities for translation into English with programmes sponsored by intermediaries in Germany to promote the translation of German-language works.  The advancement of the thesis through the ‘macro, mezzo and micro’ levels of analysis serves, on the one hand, to illuminate different aspects of German-English literary translation and, on the other, to interrogate models for sociological translation research (Sapiro 2008). The investigation begins with an analysis of accounts of global translation production, revealing deficiencies in proposed mappings of translational activity and highlighting the deployment of statistical data on book translation for polemical or promotional ends. Drawing on original fieldwork and primary sources, it then considers publishing practices and support programmes for German-English translation in the UK and US, and examines the translational fortunes of selected German-language books and their UK and US editions, thereby connecting with current scholarship on the Anglo-American book business (Thompson 2012) and with research in German Studies associated with the ‘transnational’ paradigm (Taberner 2011a).</p>

scholarly journals COMPOUND NOUNS IN GERMAN LANGUAGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10(78)) ◽  
pp. 124-127
Author(s):  
Svitlana Korol
Keyword(s):  
Component Composition ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Regular Growth ◽  
German Language ◽  
New Words ◽  
Plural Form ◽  
Compound Nouns ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Relationship Of

The article deals with one of the most common types of word formation in German as word compounding. Compound nouns have become the object of study, as this part of the language leads the way in the formation of new words in this way. The relevance of the research is reinforced by the fact that German compound nouns differ by their multicomponent structure and are in the process of regular growth of their numbers, so they are attracting the attention of Germanists of different generations continuously. The study has examined the nature of the component composition of composites, the types of bonding between components, the types of constituent components, the role of the connecting element, the syllable’s accentuation of components of the compound noun etc. The compound can be built from nouns, adjectives, verbs or an invariable element (prepositions). There is no limit of the number of the associated words. The last word in the compound always determines the gender and plural form of the compound noun. The connectors or linking elements in existing German compound words often correspond to old case endings (e.g., plural, genitive). These endings expressed the relationship of the compound parts to one another. The article considers the causes of the formation of complex nouns. Compounds make the German language more flexible. In general, compounds are used to convey more information in one word and for reasons of language economy. Special attention deserves such a phenomenon as Denglish. This is the mashing of words from the two languages to create new hybrid words.

scholarly journals KO MPETENCJE SŁOWOTWÓRCZE POLSKICH DZIECI DWUJĘZYCZNYCH MIESZKAJĄCYCH W IRLANDII(NA PRZYKŁADZIE NAZW OSOBOWYCH ŻEŃSKICH)

2021 ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
Natalia SIUDZIŃSKA
Keyword(s):  
Language Skills ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Linguistic Development ◽  
Feminine Gender ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Context Of Learning

The complexity of word-formation in Slavic languages, especially in the Polish language, makes it very difficult for Polish speaking children and bilingual children to learn, especially when the second language is not Slavic. In this article I would like to concentrate on the linguistic problems in the context of learning word-formation by bilingual children aged 5-9 who live in Ireland and who learn Polish and English at the same time. I would like to juxtapose their level of word formation competence with those children who are Polish language speakers living in Poland and who are in the same age group (5-9). The research described below concerns the category of feminine gender words. The linguistic data used for the description were collected during the fieldwork research carried out with the group of thirty bilingual children. The results of the research allowed to establish the differences in the linguistic development of monolingual and bilingual children and to indicate the factors that determine the acquisition of word-formation competences. This type of research will help teachers and other specialists (psychologists, speech therapists) working with such children to better assess the language skills of bilingual children. They also allow to estimate the scale of difficulties that Polish children returning from emigration will encounter.

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