scholarly journals تقييم بعض الأملاح والهالوجينات لمياه الشرب ببلدية الدائرة الثالثة لمدينة أنجمينا- تشاد EVALUATION OF SOME SALTS AND HALOGENS OF DRINKING WATER IN MUNICIPALITY OF THE THIRD DISTRICT OF N'DJAMENA

2021 ◽  
Vol 24.2 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-44
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
The Third

scholarly journals ANALISIS SEKTOR UNGGULAN DALAM PENYERAPAN TENAGA KERJA DI KABUPATEN MINAHASA SELATAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Andrew ., Lahama ◽  
Leonardus R. Rengkung ◽  
Eyverson ., Ruauw
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Location Quotient ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
The Third ◽  
Industry Sector ◽  
North Sulawesi

This study aims to analyze the leading sectors in the absorption of labor and to know the contribution of the leading sector in the absorption of labor in south Minahasa Regency. The research was conducted for two months starting from months January to months Ferbruay 2018. The date used in this study is secondary date obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) South Minahasa Regency. The date is processed using location quotient analysis (LQ) and the date is presented in table and described descriptively. The research results show that the leading sectors in the absorption of labor in South Minahasa Regency are the processing industry sector, electricity, gas and drinking water sector; and agriculture sector. The first sector with the highest average LQ is the processing industry sector with an average value of LQ 2.22. The second seeded sector is the electricity, gas and dringking water sector with an average LQ of 1.50 and the third leading sector is the agricultural sector with an average LQ of 1.23. The processing industry sector, electricity, gas and dringking water sector and agriculture sector become the leading one because it has LQ value more dominant in the absorption of manpower that the sector the same in north sulawesi province.*er*.

scholarly journals Oxidative and Epigenetic Changes and Gut Permeability Response in Early-Treated Chickens with Antibiotic or Probiotic

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2204
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Ognik ◽  
Paweł Konieczka ◽  
Anna Stępniowska ◽  
Jan Jankowski
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Gut Permeability ◽  
Intestinal Integrity ◽  
The Third ◽  
Probiotic Preparation ◽  
Faecium Strain

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of the use of enrofloxacin and a probiotic containing Enterococcus faecium and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strains in the first week of life of chickens on oxidative and epigenetic changes in molecules and intestinal integrity. The three treatments were as follows: the control group received no additive in the drinking water (GC); the second group (GP) received a probiotic preparation in the drinking water during the first five days of life, providing E. faecium strain 4a1713 at 1.0 × 107 CFU/L water and B. amyloliquefaciens 4b1822 at 1.0 × 107 CFU/L water, the third group (GA) received an antibiotic (enrofloxacin 0.5 mL/L water) in the drinking water during the first five days of life. The use of both enrofloxacin and a probiotic containing E. faecium and B. amyloliquefaciens strains in chickens’ first week of life improved intestinal integrity and reduced inflammation and oxidative and epigenetic changes in the small intestine. This effect was evident both at 6 days of age and at the end of the rearing period.

scholarly journals Evaluation water quality of Diyala River in Iraq using Bhargava method

2018 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 05001
Author(s):  
Nawar Al-Musawi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
The Third ◽  
Tigris River ◽  
Good For ◽  
Diyala River

Diyala River is a tributary of Tigris River, it is one of the important rivers in Iraq. It covers a total distance of 445 km (275 miles). 32600 km2 is the area that drains by Diyala River between Iraqi-Iranian borders. This research aims to evaluate the water quality index WQI of Diyala River, where three stations were chosen along the river. These stations are D12 at Jalawlaa City at the beginning of Diyala River, the second station is D15 at Baaquba City at the mid distance of the river, and the third station is D17 which is the last station before the confluence of Diyala River with Tigris River at Baghdad city. Bhargava method was used in order to evaluate the water quality index for both irrigation and drinking uses. The results indicated that Diyala river water quality at its beginning was excellent for irrigation and good for drinking, while at the mid distance of the river, it was good for irrigation but heavily polluted and unsafe for drinking. Water quality of the river at the third site was acceptable for irrigation but again severely polluted and unsafe for drinking.

Antileukemic Efficacy of Continuous Vs Discontinuous Dexamethasone in Murine Xenografts of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Blood ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (21) ◽  
pp. 3701-3701
Author(s):  
Laura B. Ramsey ◽  
Laura Janke ◽  
Monique A. Payton ◽  
Xiangjun Cai ◽  
Sima Jeha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Single Patient ◽  
Dexamethasone Treatment ◽  
Representative Data ◽  
The Third ◽  
Dexamethasone Group ◽  
B Mice ◽  
Equal Efficacy

Abstract As cure rates for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have increased, toxic complications of chemotherapy have also increased. The incidence of osteonecrosis is high – 54% of children had asymptomatic osteonecrosis, and 18% experienced symptomatic osteonecrosis in one prospective study; osteonecrosis was positively associated with plasma dexamethasone exposure (Kawedia et al. Blood 2011 PMID: 21148812). Osteonecrosis is also more common after continuous than discontinuous dosing of dexamethasone in children (Mattano et al. JCO 2012 PMID: 22901620, Seibel et al. Blood 2008 PMID: 18039957). Many ALL clinical trials now include a discontinuous glucocorticoid schedule, in which patients receive dexamethasone daily for one week, none the second week, then daily for the third week, in an attempt to reduce the rate of osteonecrosis. Using a murine model of osteonecrosis, our group previously found that mice treated with a discontinuous regimen of dexamethasone developed less osteonecrosis than those treated with a continuous regimen (Yang 2008 PMID: 18683891), consistent with clinical data. However, it is not known whether the discontinuous schedule may also compromise the cure rate. Our goal was to use murine models of ALL to determine if there was a difference in antileukemic efficacy of the continuous versus discontinuous dexamethasone regimens. Each of six patient samples of various ALL subtypes was engrafted into immunocompromised NSG mice, by intravenous injection of 1-5 million cells. In vitro sensitivity to dexamethasone was assessed at the time of diagnosis, and all samples were sensitive to nanomolar concentrations. The samples were passaged serially: they were transduced with a lentiviral vector containing YFP and luciferase prior to the second passage, sorted for YFP+ cells prior to the third passage, and tested for in vivo efficacy of continuous (cont) and discontinuous (disc) dexamethasone on the fourth and/or fifth passage. Dexamethasone was given in the drinking water, either half the week at 8 mg/L (Disc dex) or continuously at 4 mg/L (Cont dex) starting 7-28 days from ALL injection. All mice received antibiotic prophylaxis in the drinking water. Plasma concentrations of dexamethasone in mice on treatment were similar to plasma levels (20 – 200 nM) achieved in patients with ALL (Yang et al JCO PMID: 18421047). For all ALL samples engrafted, there was improved leukemia-free survival (LFS) with dexamethasone treatment compared to no dexamethasone treatment (median LFS +4 to +129 days relative to no dexamethasone, log-rank p=0.02 to p=0.001). For five of the six samples, there were no differences in LFS between the continuous and discontinuous regimens (median LFS differed by 1 – 15 days, log-rank p=0.14 to 0.9). For one of the six samples, the continuous dexamethasone was more effective (median LFS of 111 vs 77 days, log-rank p=0.002) than the discontinuous schedule. In a second experiment with the same sample, when all the mice were sacrificed on the same day from start of therapy, ALL burden as assessed by ventral luminescence (Kruskal-Wallis p=0.004) and by spleen size (Kruskal-Wallis p=0.006) was lower in the continuous dexamethasone group vs the discontinuous dexamethasone group. Thus far, these data indicate that for most pediatric ALL, discontinuous dexamethasone is likely to be as effective as continuous dexamethasone; however, it is possible that for some ALL cases, there may be differences in ALL efficacy between the continuous and discontinuous dexamethasone regimens. Figure 1. Antileukemic efficacy of continuous (cont) vs discontinuous (disc) dexamethasone for two xenografted patient ALL samples. A, Representative data from mice engrafted with one of the 5 samples that showed equal efficacy with the two dexamethasone regimens (p=0.9). Mice were treated from days 7 – 50. Survival was significantly longer with both dexamethasone regimens than with no dexamethasone (n=5, p=0.02). B, Mice engrafted with a single patient sample show superior anti-leukemic efficacy with cont dexamethasone vs disc dexamethasone (p=0.002). Mice were treated from days 21-91. Figure 1. Antileukemic efficacy of continuous (cont) vs discontinuous (disc) dexamethasone for two xenografted patient ALL samples. A, Representative data from mice engrafted with one of the 5 samples that showed equal efficacy with the two dexamethasone regimens (p=0.9). Mice were treated from days 7 – 50. Survival was significantly longer with both dexamethasone regimens than with no dexamethasone (n=5, p=0.02). B, Mice engrafted with a single patient sample show superior anti-leukemic efficacy with cont dexamethasone vs disc dexamethasone (p=0.002). Mice were treated from days 21-91. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

The effects of propylthiouracil, thyroxine, and hypophysectomy on the iodinating activity of the rat thyroid gland

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Zimmerman ◽  
C. C. Yip
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Rapid Decrease ◽  
Daily Injection ◽  
The Third ◽  
Thyroxine Treatment ◽  
Rat Thyroid ◽  
Rat Thyroid Gland ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

The effects of increasing or decreasing the endogenous secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone on the iodinating activity of the rat thyroid gland were investigated. The thyroid iodinating activity of rats on 0.01% propylthiouracil in the drinking water increased linearly for 3 days and reached a maximum of 230 to 240% of the control on or about the fourth day of treatment. The daily injection of thyroxine (10 μg/100 g intraperitoneally) or hypophysectomy resulted in a rapid decrease in the iodinating activity between the first and second day, approaching a basal level by the third day. When the iodinating activity was suppressed for 4 days by daily injections of thyroxine, the activity began to rise on the fifth day after termination of thyroxine treatment.

Effect of dry or hydrated bentonite on the wool growth and liveweight gain of sheep fed wheat chaff

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 595 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Murray ◽  
SG Winslow ◽  
JB Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
The Third ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Water Inclusion ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Wheat Chaff

Many reports on the use of bentonite to increase wool growth indicate variable responses and it is often claimed that this variability is related to the chemical characteristics or the form in which the bentonite is fed. This paper describes 3 experiments in which there was consistency in the type and form of the clay. There was also comparison of the effects of dry and hydrated bentonite. In the first experiment, 64 sheep were individually penned and fed wheat chaff ad libitum. Thirty sheep were fed chaff only, 17 sheep received dry bentonite added to their chaff (20 g/kg chaff) and another 17 sheep had 23.7 g/day of bentonite added to their drinking water. Inclusion of bentonite in the drinking water significantly increased wool growth (P<0.05, 14.8%) and increased chaff intake (P = 0.08, 6%). In the second experiment, 105 sheep were penned in groups of 7 and each pen fed wheat chaff ad libitum. Five pens of sheep had dry bentonite added to their chaff (20 g/kg chaff) while another 5 pens had bentonite added to their drinking water (23.7 g/sheep.day). There were 5 pens of sheep which received no bentonite. Inclusion of bentonite either in the drinking water or in the chaff, significantly increased chaff intake (P<0.05, 6%), but had no effect on wool growth. In the third experiment, 60 sheep were divided into 12 groups and each group grazed individual 0.7 ha of cereal stubble. All groups were supplemented with the equivalent of 200 g of lupin grain/sheep.day fed twice weekly and 6 of the groups were watered by buckets containing hydrated bentonite (11.8 g bentonite/L). In experiments 2 and 3, inclusion of bentonite in the diet or in the drinking water had no effect on wool growth (P>0.05) but liveweight gain was significantly increased (P<0.05). It was concluded that the variability in the response to bentonite was not related to its chemical composition or the form in which it is administered and that, on balance, bentonite does not offer a practical or reliable means of increasing wool growth in sheep.

scholarly journals Study of Using Vit. C to Reduce the Toxic Immunosuppressive Effect of Aflatoxin in Broilers

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-161
Author(s):  
Hassiba A. Omran
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Immunosuppressive Effect ◽  
The Third ◽  
Protection Ratio ◽  
Vit C

This study was conducted to investigate the adverse effect of aflatoxine contaminated ration on immune response induced by N D vaccine in broilen and the effect of adding vit C in drinking water in reducing the aflatoxine immune supportive effect.A total of 75 day old broiler chicken were divided randomly in to three equal groups , the first group was feed aflatoxine free ration while second and third groups were feed on aflatoxine contaminated ration at 6 day of age, in addition to that the third group have received vit C in a drinking water (125 mg/litter). The birds were immunized twice with ND vaccine at 10, 20 day of age and ELISA test was carried out to estimate the humeral immunity response at 6, 19, 31, days of age.All the groups were challenged with velogenic ND strain (Z 2003). At 32 day of age.The results showed that the first group has high significant antibodies titer reach to 3239±249.3 at 19 days of age and 10186± 845.3 at 31 days of age with significant level p< 0.01 and high protection ratio against challenge (100%) at 32 days of age, while the second group showed a low antibodies titer reach to 2622.6± 27.3 at the 19 days of age and 5712.5± 786.9 at 31 days of age and low protection ratio against challenge (66.67%). the third group showed a high significant antibodies titer reach to 2795± 930.9 at 19 days of age and 7030.1± 246.7 at 31 days of age with significant level p< 0.01 with a protection ratio against challenge 80% at 32 days of age which mean that the third group showed antibodies titer and protection ratio lower than the first group and higher than second group. This study was concluded that giving diets contaminated with aflatoxine cause adverse effects on immune response while the administration of vit C in drinking water improves it .

1,4-Dioxane drinking water occurrence data from the third unregulated contaminant monitoring rule

2017 ◽  
Vol 596-597 ◽  
pp. 236-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Adamson ◽  
Elizabeth A. Piña ◽  
Abigail E. Cartwright ◽  
Sharon R. Rauch ◽  
R. Hunter Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
The Third ◽  
Contaminant Monitoring ◽  
Occurrence Data

Tonic effect of endogenous TSH on the in vitro thyroid cAMP response to TSH

1984 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Ikeda ◽  
Hidemasa Uchimura ◽  
Shigenobu Nagataki
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Concomitant Treatment ◽  
Camp Production ◽  
Trophic Effect ◽  
The Third ◽  
Mouse Thyroid

Abstract. The present study was undertaken to compare the effects of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) alone and T3 plus bovine thyrotrophin (bTSH) given chronically in vivo on the TSH-stimulated cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) production in a mouse thyroid in vitro. Mice were given T3 (5 μg/ml) in drinking water for 4 days. The thyroid cAMP concentrations after an incubation with 10 mU/ml of TSH for 10 min were decreased by 50% in T3-treated mice as compared to the control. In the second experiment, mice were given T3 alone or T3 plus 0.5 mU of bTSH ip daily for 4 days. The combined treatment with T3 and TSH partially restored the reduction of cAMP response to TSH that was induced by T3 alone. In the third experiment, mice were given T3 alone for 7 days, or T3 for 7 days plus TSH for the last 3 days. The reduced cAMP response to TSH induced by T3 alone was again partially restored by the concomitant treatment with TSH. These results indicate 1) that the capacity of the thyroid cAMP to respond to TSH is regulated, at least in part, by a trophic effect of endogenous TSH and 2) that the impaired capacity caused by a loss of tonic effect of endogenous TSH is reversible.

scholarly journals The impact of Levamisole on Newcastle disease antibodies titer in broilers fed with diet contaminated with Aflatoxin

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Hatem M. M. AL- Naemey
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
The Third ◽  
Suppressor Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Newcastle Disease Vaccine ◽  
Protection Ratio

This study designed to know the immuno suppressor effect of aflatoxinsand the efficacy of levamisole to reduce these effects in the titer of antibodiesand protection against challenge for Newcastle disease vaccine in chickens.This trail include three groups, first group fed on ration free fromaflatoxins contamination, Second group fed on ration contaminated withaflatoxins, while the third group fed on the same ration of second group andgiven levamisole via drinking water with the dose of 10mg/kg of body weight.All groups vaccinated twice against Newcastle disease at 10 and 20 daysof age. The immunity evaluated by ELISA test at 6, 19, 31 days of age andchallenged at 32 days old.The results indicate that the second group has the lowest titer ofantibodies and protection ratio after challenge, while the first group has thehightest titer of antibodies and high protection ratio after challenge. The titer ofantibodies and the protection against challenge in the third group had higher titerthan them at second group and lower than them at first group.These results revealed the role of aflatoxins in immunosuppression forNewcastle vaccines and reduce the efficacy of vaccination process and reducethe protection ratio after challenge, also reveal the role of levamisole in reducingof these effect and elevation of immune response to Newcastle vaccine inchickens.

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