Hypoglycemic action and diminishing the side effects of diabetes by Talia plus mange leaves bitter lupines plus olibanum and almond + hazelnuts in diets of albino rats.

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (22) ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
Fatima El-Zahra A. El-Sherif ◽  
Eid A. zaki ◽  
Mona Y. El- Gharbawy
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Hypoglycemic Action

scholarly journals Egyptian sweet marjoram leaves protect against genotoxicity, immunosuppression and other complications induced by cyclophosphamide in albino rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 108 (6) ◽  
pp. 1059-1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamal Ramadan ◽  
Nadia M. El-Beih ◽  
Mai M. Zahra
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Leaf Aqueous Extract ◽  
High Therapeutic Index ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Marrow Cells

Cyclophosphamide (CP) is one of the most popular alkylating anticancer drugs that show a high therapeutic index, despite the widespread side effects and toxicity particularly in high-dose regimens and long-term use. Here, we evaluated and compared the efficacy of two different doses (50 and 100 mg/kg body weight, given orally for 30 consecutive days) of Egyptian sweet marjoram leaf powder (MLP) and marjoram leaf aqueous extract (MLE) in alleviating the genotoxicity, immunosuppression and other complications induced by CP in non-tumour-bearing albino rats. The present study showed (probably for the first time) that both MLP and MLE significantly alleviated (P < 0·05–0·001) most side effects and toxicity of CP-treated rats including the increase in chromosomal aberrations of bone marrow cells and serum malondialdehyde level, the decrease in the level of serum Ig, the delayed type of hypersensitivity response as also the weights and cellularity of lymphoid organs, and myelosuppression, leucopenia, macrocytic normochromic anaemia as well as thrombocytopenia by reactivating the non-enzymic (reduced glutathione) and enzymic (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase) antioxidant system and increasing the mitotic index of bone marrow cells. The modulatory effects of marjoram leaves shown in the present study were dose dependent in most cases and much higher in MLE (21–23 % for all parameters taken together). In addition, the doses used in the present study were considered safe. In conclusion, sweet marjoram leaves (especially in the form of a herbal tea) may be useful as an immunostimulant and in reducing genotoxicity in patients under chemotherapeutic interventions.

scholarly journals Ifosfamide toxicity to the retina and the possible roles of lecithin and quercetin in albino rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 800
Author(s):  
Rehab Ahmed ◽  
Eman Aly ◽  
Sherif Mahmoud ◽  
Sahar Awad ◽  
Gehan Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Secondary Structure ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Protein Secondary Structure ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Α Helix ◽  
Β Sheet

Background: During cancer chemotherapy, drug-induced oxidative stress can limit therapeutic efficiency and cause a number of side effects. Objectives: Our study aimed to characterize the side effects of an alkylating agent chemotherapy ifosfamide to the retina and if the supplementation of lecithin and or quercetin can diminish its oxidative stress by means of comet assay and FTIR.Methods: Seventy female albino rats divided as control, rats given orally quercetin or lecithin, rats injected with ifosfamide, rats given quercetin or lecithin and in combination of them with ifosfamide injection.Results: Lecithin and quercetin groups indicate a normal comet parameters and distribution of protein secondary structure components content of β-turn, α-helix and β-sheet. After Ifosfamide injection, all comet parameters and β-Turns content were significant increase (p˂0.05) with the same context significant decrease (p˂0.05) of α-helix was observed. Lecithin or quercetin reduces the effect of ifosfamide injection in tail length and percentage tailed DNA. Combined treatment gives more protection against DNA damage. Lecithin role is cleared in returning the normal distribution of β-turn, α-helix, β-sheet and lack of protective effect of quercetin regarding the protein secondary structure of retina was observed.Conclusion: We suggest using lecithin and quercetin in combined treatment to reduce the oxidative stress due to ifosfamide.

Comparison of pharmacodynamics and celiac effects of olmesartan medoxomil formulations by using olmesartan-induced celiac-rat-model

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yelda Komesli ◽  
Bekir Ugur Ergur ◽  
Ercument Karasulu
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Villous Atrophy ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Olmesartan Medoxomil ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Pressure System ◽  
Severe Diarrhea ◽  
Clinical Changes

: Olmesartan Medoxomil (OM) is an angiotensin receptor blocker and has the adverse effect of celiac like enteropathy which was accepted by the FDA in 2013. This disease is characterized by severe diarrhea, weight loss and enteropathy. Although there are many case reports associated with olmesartan-related enteropathy in humans, it has not been described in a long-term animal model study so far. We developed a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (OM-SMEDDS) in our previous study to reduce this side effect of drug and to enhance bioavailability. In this study, an artificial hypertension model was established with dose of 185 µmol /kg L-NAME (N ω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester) twice in a day intraperitoneally in Wistar albino rats. To determine and compare side effects, the OM-Suspension and OM-SMEDDS were administered at 1.3 mg/kg therapeutic dose during one-month period to the rats. Tension of rats was recorded by measuring from their tails with non invasive blood pressure system. We observed celiac like enteropathy findings like villous atrophy and intraepithelial lymphocytosis and clinical changes like weight loss and severe diarrhea after the treatment with OM-Suspension during one-month experiment. It was also observed that the antihypertensive efficacy of the OM-SMEDDS formulation was higher than the suspension during the experiment and did not cause enteropathy, diarrhea and weight loss by reducing intestinal exposure. Hereby we evaluated the side effects of two different pharmaceutical forms by designing a sustainable and reproducible celiac rat model that can be induced with olmesartan medoxomil.

Identification of bioactive constituents in Coldenia procumbens L. and its antidiabetic activity against streptozotocin induced Wistar albino rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganesan Rethinam ◽  
Mathuram Venkatanarasimhan
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Ir Spectrum ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Insulin Mimetic ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Prime Concern

AbstractBackgroundType II diabetes, a multifactorial progressive disorder is the prime concern of the twenty-first century. Modern medicine is proven effective in delaying the effects of diabetes. However, the side effects are amplified over time. In order to find relief from side effects, people are rigorously searching for alternative treatment.ObjectiveIn this study, we aim to identify the bioactive components in the Coldenia procumbens L. and assess its anti-diabetic effect.Materials and MethodsInitially, the plant was extracted using chloroform and methanol. Both the extracts were analysed using IR Spectrum and NMR. The methanol extract of Coldenia procumbens L. was assessed for its anti-hyperglycaemic activity against streptozotocin induced animals.ResultsThe IR spectrum of the extracts was compared with standard compounds and four compounds, α-amyrin, β-sitosterol, β-stigmasterol and wedelolactone was identified. Methanol extract of Coldenia procumbens L. decreased glucose levels in serum and enzymes levels. Histopathology of pancreas showed excellent recovery from the damage induced by streptozotocin.ConclusionThe compounds identified in Coldenia procumbens L. have significant anti-diabetic, insulin mimetic and insulin secretory activities with their complete mechanisms already studied in detail. Also, Coldenia procumbens L. methanol extract showed significant anti-hyperglycaemic activity. The plant should be further studied to be developed as an alternative medicine.

scholarly journals Effect of Berberis vulgaris L. root extract on ifosfamide-induced in vivo toxicity and in vitro cytotoxicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shazia Ilyas ◽  
Raheela Tabasum ◽  
Ali Iftikhar ◽  
Mamoona Nazir ◽  
Amina Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Berberis Vulgaris

AbstractIfosfamide is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent having broad-spectrum efficacy against several tumors. However, nephro, hepato, neuro cardio, and hematological toxicities associated with ifosfamide render its use limited. These side effects could range from organ failure to life-threatening situations. The present study aimed to evaluate the attenuating efficiency of Berberis vulgaris root extract (BvRE), a potent nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, and lipid-lowering agent, against ifosfamide-induced toxicities. The study design comprised eight groups of Swiss albino rats to assess different dose regimes of BvRE and ifosfamide. Biochemical analysis of serum (serum albumin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, total cholesterol, and triglycerides) along with complete blood count was performed. Kidney, liver, brain, and heart tissue homogenates were used to find malondialdehyde, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase levels in addition to the acetylcholinesterase of brain tissue. The results were further validated with the help of the histopathology of the selected organs. HeLa cells were used to assess the effect of BvRE on ifosfamide cytotoxicity in MTT assay. The results revealed that pre- and post-treatment regimens of BvRE, as well as the combination therapy exhibited marked protective effects against ifosfamide-induced nephro, hepato, neuro, and cardiotoxicity. Moreover, ifosfamide depicted a synergistic in vitro cytotoxic effect on HeLa cells in the presence of BvRE. These results corroborate that the combination therapy of ifosfamide with BvRE in cancer treatment can potentiate the anticancer effects of ifosfamide along with the amelioration of its conspicuous side effects.

scholarly journals Anticancer potential of the extract of Melothoria maderaspatana on DMH induced colon cancer in albino rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1770-1777
Author(s):  
Ramachandran K ◽  
Venketnarayanan R
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Patient Needs ◽  
Chemotherapy Treatment ◽  
Treatment Side Effects ◽  
Toxicological Profile ◽  
The World

Cancers of the large and small intestine are major contributors to worldwide cancer morbidity and mortality. Out of all the cancers, colon cancer is one of the most common diseases in the world. Every year 1.2 million patients are diagnosed for colon cancer. The rate of colon cancer incidence was low in India but is presently increasing; out of 3.5 million cancer cases, 35,000 have colon cancer. As a part of chemotherapy, lots of anticancer drugs are in the market, but the main problem associated with these drugs is their side effects. Because of chemotherapy treatment side effects, the patient needs secondary palliative care treatment. Plant medicines are well known for their non-toxic side effects, so the objective of the study is to develop a drug from medicinal plant against colon cancer with non-toxic side effects. It plays an important role in the discovery of lead compound for the development of conventional drugs. About 60% of currently used anticancer agents are derived from a natural source. In the present study, Melothoria maderaspatana was used to study the anticancer potential of the extract and to synthesize new anticancer moiety. With the findings of the study, it can be concluded that the plant Melothoria maderaspatana and possess anti-colorectal cancer activity. Before the clinical usage of extract, thorough toxicological profile has to be determined on the crude extracts as well as on isolated compounds to confirm the safety of the drug.

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