EFFICIENCY OF CROSSING PATERNAL LINE MALES AND MATERNAL LINE FEMALES OF RABBITS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE

The effect of polymorphisms at PRKAG3 (R200Q and I199V) and RYR1 (R615C) genes on carcass traits and meat quality was examined in a sample of 257 commercial pigs, crosses of Landrace × Large White as maternal line and Pietrain (N = 96), Pietrain × Landrace (N = 42) or Pietrain × Hampshire (N = 119) as paternal line. Pigs were genotyped (PCR-RFLP) and traits of interest were measured (which included carcass and ham weight, measurements of fatness, meatiness, ultimate pH, colour parameters and drip loss). The observed genotype frequencies at PRKAG3 gene were 9.7%, 38.9%, 32.7%, 6.2% and 12.5% for R/R-I/I, R/R-I/V, R/R-V/V, Q/R-I/V and Q/R-V/V genotype, respectively. RYR1 genotype frequencies were 57.2% for N/N and 42.8% for N/n genotype. Studied polymorphisms exhibited a significant effect on meat quality, but mainly an insignificant effect on carcass traits. No significant interaction between PRKAG3 and RYR1 was found. Carriers of RYR1 mutant allele “n” had less intense longissimus dorsi muscle colour (subjective score, Minolta L* and b*) and higher drip loss. Regarding PRKAG3, the ultimate pH decreased and Minolta L*, a*, b* and drip loss increased in the following order: R/R-I/I, R/R-I/V, R/R-V/V, Q/R-I/V and Q/R-V/V, according to the presence of 199I and absence of 200Q alleles. The study shows that the I199V polymorphism is an important source of variation in pigs free of 200Q. In particular the 199I proves beneficial for meat quality. The results of combining the RYR1 and PRKAG3 genotypes indicate that R/R-I/I genotype could be used in counterbalancing the negative effects of “n” allele on meat quality.

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Adherence to the Healthy Eating Index-2015 across Generations Is Associated with Birth Outcomes and Weight Status at Age 5 in the Lifeways Cross-Generation Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11040928 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 928 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Pilar Navarro ◽

John Mehegan ◽

Celine M. Murrin ◽

Cecily C. Kelleher ◽

Catherine M. Phillips

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Birth Outcomes ◽

Healthy Eating ◽

Weight Status ◽

Postnatal Growth ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Maternal Line ◽

Paternal Line ◽

Lower Likelihood

Maternal dietary quality during pregnancy is associated with offspring outcomes. These associations have not been examined in three-generation families. We investigated associations between parental and grandparental dietary quality, determined by healthy eating index (HEI)-2015, and offspring birth outcomes and weight status at age 5. The Lifeways cohort study in the Republic of Ireland comprises 1082 index-child’s mothers, 333 index-child’s fathers, and 707 grandparents. HEI-2015 scores were generated for all adults from prenatal dietary information collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire. In an adjusted model, greater adherence to the maternal HEI was associated with lower likelihood of low birth weight (LBW) (OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.50–0.99, p = 0.04). Similarly, maternal grandmothers (MGM) with higher HEI scores were less likely to have grandchildren with LBW (OR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.61–0.96, p = 0.04) and more likely to have macrosomia (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.01–1.22, p = 0.03). Higher paternal and paternal grandmothers (PGM) HEI scores were associated with lower likelihood of childhood obesity (OR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.30–0.94, p = 0.03) and overweight (OR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.22–0.99, p = 0.04), respectively. Mediation analysis showed significant direct relationship of MGM and PGM HEI scores on grandchildren’s birthweight and obesity, respectively. In conclusion, maternal line dietary quality appears to influence fetal growth whereas paternal line dietary quality appears to influence postnatal growth.

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Citizenship: A Political or Legal Matter? From Legal - Anthropological Perspective

Patan Pragya ◽

10.3126/pragya.v6i1.34394 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 63-74

Author(s):

Chandra Kanta Gyawali

Keyword(s):

Cultural Values ◽

Anthropological Perspective ◽

Maternal Line ◽

Paternal Line ◽

The Status ◽

The Right

Citizenship is a political as well as legal or a constitutional matter. This is also a social right of citizen. The status of being a citizen and the quality of persons, works as a member of a community. Without citizenship, one is denied of rights to live, work, vote, pay taxes and many other things related to his or her rights and duties. Consanguineous relationship, jus soli, naturalization and honorary are considered as major categories of citizenship in Nepal. The citizenship on consanguineous relationship may be linked with the theory of anthropology under the direct line descent, immediate descent, lineal descent, maternal line descent, mediate descent and paternal line descent. In Nepal, a child of a citizen having obtained the citizenship of Nepal by birth prior to the commencement of the Constitution of Nepal should acquire the citizenship of Nepal by descent, if the child’s father and mother (parents) both are citizens of Nepal. Many citizens are in condition of statelessness and deprived of the right to obtain citizenship due to legal, social, administrative, poverty and identities problems of the citizens. Therefore, any citizen of Nepal should not be statelessness or deprived of the right to obtain citizenship on the basis sex, caste, and race, religion social and cultural values.

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Hereditary burden in poultry of different species of the Ukrainian gene pool

Scientific Horizons ◽

10.48077/scihor.23(12).2020.29-35 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (12) ◽

pp. 29-35

Author(s):

Viktor Khvostyk

Keyword(s):

Embryo Development ◽

Gene Pool ◽

Maternal Line ◽

Double Mutation ◽

Morphological Abnormalities ◽

Paternal Line ◽

Original Family ◽

White Plumage ◽

Genetic Burden ◽

Lethal Genes

The relevance of the study is conditioned by the need to continually conduct autopsy analysis of dead embryos as an integral part of genetic monitoring of harmful mutations, which may reduce the level of genetic burden in the gene pool of poultry. The study was conducted on poultry of different species of the Ukrainian gene pool: chickens of meat and egg area of productivity, turkeys of the original family lines of the Kharkiv crossing. The purpose of the study was to determine the spectrum and frequency of manifestation of hereditary genetic defects in the development of embryos in land birds of different species, to establish the level of genetic burden. The spectrum and frequency of morphological and anatomical hereditary defects of chicken and turkey embryos were established during pathological and anatomical examination of incubation waste. Visual examination of dead embryos allowed identifying morphological abnormalities in the structure of the skeleton, as well as various disproportions of its individual parts. In chickens of subpopulations with black-striped and white plumage, among birds of all studied groups, the widest range of morphological abnormalities of embryo development was discovered. In meat and egg hens with golden plumage, three anomalies with the same frequency of manifestation of 33.3% were found among the examined dead embryos. Only 1 anomaly “exencephaly” was found in birds with mottled plumage. Two cases of double mutation were found in birds with silver plumage among the examined dead embryos. The level of genetic burden in the studied subpopulations of meat and egg chickens was in the range of 3.45-8.72%. In birds with white and silver plumage, this figure was higher than the maximum allowable value, therefore it is necessary to carry out selection measures to eliminate lethal genes from these populations of chickens. In turkeys of the paternal line 5 and maternal line 6 of the Kharkiv crossing, 2 morphological anomalies of embryo development were found among the examined dead embryos. The level of genetic burden in turkeys of related forms is low – 1.60-1.89%, which does not exceed the maximum allowable value (8.0%). This indicates a low share in the heredity of the used offspring of hidden carriers of “defective” genes. At this stage, the preservation of the gene pool of birds is not threatening for its further breeding

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To the question of the role of environmental and hereditary factors in the formation of hypomenstrual syndrome in girls

Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv ◽

10.7124/feeo.v27.1322 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. 174-178

Author(s):

N. V. Bagatska ◽

V. E. Nefidova ◽

A. E. Druginina

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Educational Institution ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Maternal Line ◽

Endocrine Diseases ◽

Genealogical Analysis ◽

Paternal Line ◽

Gynecological Diseases ◽

Hereditary Factors

Aim. To study environmental factors and heredity in families of girls with hypomenstrual syndrome. Methods. Clinical and genealogical analysis was conducted in 66 families of girls with hypomenstrual syndrome (HMS) in the Laboratory of Medical Genetics of the Institute for Children and Adolescents Health Care at the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine. The data were analyzed statistically using Excel and SPSS Statistics 17.0 programs. Results. Based on the clinical and genealogical analysis conducted in families of sick girls, negative environmental factors (mother's bad habits before pregnancy, pathological course of pregnancy and Caesarean section for medical reasons in mothers of girls; stress of girls at educational institution, Internet addiction etc.) have been determined. Family accumulation of gynecological (non inflammatory) and endocrine diseases has been established. Conclusions. Negative environmental factors and hereditary burden concerning gynecological pathology in 59.1 % of families have been set, and transfer of pathological signs was likely more frequently observed by the maternal line (79.2 %) than by paternal line (8.3 %) and both lines simultaneously (12.5 %). The incidence of gynecological diseases in 5.7 times, and endocrine – in 1.8 times exceeded their frequency in relatives of healthy girls. Keywords: girls, hypomenstrual syndrome, genealogical, environmental factors and heredity.

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Comparison of degrees of maturity of rabbit lines selected for different traits

World Rabbit Science ◽

10.4995/wrs.2015.3964 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 155 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M. Pascual ◽

E.W. Calle ◽

A. Blasco

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Litter Size ◽

Robustness Analysis ◽

Maturity Stage ◽

Maternal Line ◽

Adult Weight ◽

Paternal Line ◽

Slaughter Age ◽

Selection For ◽

Degree Of Maturity

The aim of this work was to study whether commercial nucleus lines of rabbits selected for different traits, and experimental lines having commercial purposes, have the same degree of maturity when compared at the same slaughter age. The study was carried out with 17897 rabbits from Universitat Politècnica de València. Rabbits came from the maternal lines A (3902 rabbits; 44th generation), V (4238 rabbits; 39th generation) and LP (6115 rabbits; 9th generation), selected for litter size at weaning; the paternal line R (2023 rabbits; 25th generation), selected for growth rate between 28 and 63 days of age; the maternal line OR (586 rabbits; 11th generation) selected for ovulation rate; and the lines High (503 rabbits; 5th generation) and Low (530 rabbits; 5thgeneration) lines, from a divergent selection for high and low intramuscular fat, respectively. Rabbits were weighted at 28 (W28) and 63 (W63) days of age. Rabbit does (42, 25, 39, 94, 14, 32 and 22 from lines A, V, R, LP, OR, High and Low, respectively) were weighed between 30 and 80 wk of age to determine adult weight (AW). Line R had higher W28 and W63, growth rate between 28 and 63 d of age and AW than lines A, V and LP (5802 g vs. 4410, 4222, and 4391 g for AW, respectively). No relevant differences between lines in degrees of maturity at 28 and 63 d of age and time to reach 40% of degree of maturity (percentage of weight compared to AW) were found between lines A, V, R and LP, but the degree of maturity at 2000 g and the time taken to reach that weight were lower in line R (34.7% and 55.2 d) than in lines A (45.5% and 71.1 d), V (47.4% and 69.6 d), and LP (45.8% and 68.0 d). No relevant differences were found between lines OR, High and Low in the traits analysed. A robustness analysis showed that results can be extrapolated to other commercial lines and other slaughter weights. In conclusion, comparison of lines at similar slaughter age could be considered a valid approach for comparisons at the same maturity stage.

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Sunflower hybrid Status

Oil Crops Scientific and technical bulletin of All-Russian Research Insitute of Oil Crops by the name of Pustovoit V S ◽

10.25230/2412-608x-2021-3-187-91-95 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 187 (3) ◽

pp. 91-95

Author(s):

O.F. Gorbachenko ◽

◽

T.V. Usatenko ◽

N.S. Luchkina ◽

N.A. Zhitnik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Downy Mildew ◽

Wide Distribution ◽

Early Maturity ◽

Maternal Line ◽

High Productivity ◽

Oil Crops ◽

Paternal Line ◽

Russian Research Institute ◽

Average Plant ◽

Favorable Conditions

The widespread saturation of crop rotations with sunflower crops contributed to the creation of favorable conditions for the emergence and wide distribution of new more aggressive races of broomrape, downy mildew and other pathogens of this crop. Sunflower varieties and hybrids resistant to previously common races have become severely affected. One of the ways to solve this problem is to develop sunflower hybrids resistant to new virulent races. The breeders had to combine high productivity and genes of resistance to new more aggressive races of broomrape and downy mildew in one genotype. The first stage of the work was development of a new breeding germplasm and selection of parental lines with breeding valuable traits from it. Based on these lines, there were developed hybrid combinations resistant to new highly virulent races of broomrape and downy mildew. The hybrid Status was developed by hybridization of a maternal line ED 47 and a paternal line ED 193. The maternal line ED 47 is single-headed, low height, resistant to the broomrape races: E, F, G, has a good combining ability. The paternal line ED 193 is branched, also resistant to broomrape (races E, F, G) and three races of downy mildew (330, 710, and 730). The hybrid Status belongs to the middle-early maturity group, duration of the growing season is 95 days. The average plant height over the years of testing was 140 cm; the plants are uniformed in height and the duration of the development phases. Seed yield of the hybrid Status exceeded the standard one (a hybrid Gorstar) by 0.25 t/ha, and oil yield – by 0.14 t/ha. The oil content of the seeds was 48.0%, the huskiness – 28.7%, the 1000 seeds weight – 60.6 g. The new hybrid is resistant to seven races of broomrape (A, B, C, D, E, F, and G) and three races of downy mildew (330, 710, and 730). A distinctive feature of it is resistance of both parent lines to broomrape. The originator of a simple interline sunflower hybrid Status is V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops.

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Some Variable Traits of Broiler Genotypes

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/50/2560 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 25-30

Author(s):

Mária Holcvart

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

The Other ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Average Weight ◽

Breast Meat ◽

Maternal Line ◽

Paternal Line ◽

Food Of Animal Origin ◽

Significant Difference

One the most effective ways to satisfy the requirements of mankind for food of animal origin is the fattening of chicken. Healthy and cheap meat with low fat and high protein content can be produced rapidly and in large quantities by broilers with low feed consumption. This paper presents the production results and carcass traits of three genotypes (Ross 308, Cobb 500, Ross broiler parent) females and males at the age of 42 days.In both sexes, we found that the average body weight of the Ross parents genotype was higher (females: 2643 g; males: 3089 g) than theaverage body weight of the other two hybrids – significant difference was found only between pullets. However, the smallest difference in theaverage body weight between the two sexes (446 g) was found in this genotype. In both sexes, the lowest average weight was detectable inthe case of the Cobb 500 hybrids (females: 2443 g; males: 3052 g).The feed consumption ability of the females were worse – in all but onecase (Ross pullet) – than that of the males. For one kg of weight gain - in the order of genotypes – 1.79kg, 2.08kg and 2.08 kg of feed wasused. The same values for the males were as follows: 1.81kg, 1.80kg and 1.89 kg, respectively.Carcass traits were examined and it was found that the average grillfertig weight, the weight of whole thigh meat and thigh meat of theRoss parents’ genotype was higher than the average weight of the other two hybrids. Significant difference was found only in grillfertig- andwhole thigh meat weight. Pullets of the Ross parents’ paternal line had worse results in the average weight of breast meat with bone andbreast meat fillet than the other two genotypes. In the case of cocks was detectable the inverse of this: the average weight of breast meat withbone was the highest in the cocks of the Ross parents’ maternal line.

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An enhanced photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolic capability contributes to heterosis of the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) hybrid ‘Huaza Mian H318’, as revealed by genome-wide gene expression analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-33557/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yuanhao Ding ◽

Rui Zhang ◽

Longfu Zhu ◽

Maojun Wang ◽

Yizan Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seedling Stage ◽

Molecular Evidence ◽

Maternal Line ◽

Oxidation Reduction ◽

Paternal Line ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Metabolic Capability ◽

Hybrid Variety ◽

Parental Lines ◽

Cotton Hybrid

Abstract Background: Heterosis has been exploited for decades in different crops due to resulting in dramatic increases in yield, but relatively little molecular evidence on this topic reported in cotton. Results: The elite cotton hybrid variety ‘Huaza Mian H318’ ( H318) and its parental lines were used to explore the source of its yield heterosis. A four-year investigation of yield-related traits showed that the boll number of H318 showed higher stability than that of its two parents, in both suitable and unsuitable climate years. In addition, the hybrid H318 grew faster and showed higher fresh and dry weights than its parental lines at the seedling stage. Transcriptome analysis of seedlings identified 17,308 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between H318 and its parental lines, and 3,490 extremely changed DEGs were screened out for later analysis. Most DEGs (3,472/3,490) were gathered between H318 and its paternal line (4-5), and only 64 DEGs were found between H318 and its maternal line (B0011), which implied that H318 displays more similar transcriptional patterns to its maternal parent at the seedling stage. GO and KEGG analyses showed that these DEGs were highly enriched in photosynthesis, lipid metabolic, carbohydrate metabolic and oxidation-reduction processes, and the expression level of these DEGs was significantly higher in H318 relative to its parental lines, which implies that photosynthesis, metabolism and stress resistances were enhanced in H318. Conclusion: The enhanced photosynthesis, lipid and carbohydrate metabolic capabilities contribute to the heterosis of H318 at the seedling stage , and establishes a material foundation for subsequent higher boll-setting rates in complex field environments.

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Transfers between grandparents and grandchildren: The importance of taking a three-generation perspective

Journal of Family Research ◽

10.20377/jfr-298 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 315-332

Author(s):

Gunhild O. Hagestad

Keyword(s):

Demographic Change ◽

Potential Problem ◽

Maternal Line ◽

Parenting Support ◽

Considerable Evidence ◽

Paternal Line ◽

Shifting Balance ◽

Intergenerational Ties ◽

Middle Generation ◽

Difficult Times

The key argument in this article is that recent demographic change, with unprecedented duration of intergenerational ties and shifting balance between old and young in family lines necessitates three-generational views of transfers between grandparents and grandchildren. Much support from grandparents comes through continued parenting of the middle generation, the grandchildren’s parents. Using recent data from Norway, such indirect support is explored through three avenues: ideal role perceptions, actual help in parenting, support in difficult times and potential help. In most instances, there is considerable evidence that grandparents represent a “reserve army” for their children and grandchildren, especially grandmothers in the maternal line. Divorce may represent structural obstacles to the flow of support, especially in the paternal line. In designing and executing studies of modern grandparents, researchers need to be aware of asym¬metry as a potential problem and be very clear on where in vertical connections the research is anchored. Zusammenfassung Der demographische Wandel mit der beispiellos langen gemeinsamen Lebenszeit und der sich verschiebenden Balance zwischen Alt und Jung in der Familie erfordert in Hinblick auf Transfers zwischen Großeltern und Enkeln eine Drei-Generationen-Perspektive. Ein großer Teil der Hilfen von Großeltern besteht in ihrer fortwährenden Unterstützung für ihre erwachsenen Kinder, also die Eltern ihrer Enkelkinder. Mit aktuellen norwegischen Daten wird diese indirekte Unterstützung auf drei Ebenen untersucht: Wahrnehmung von Rollenmodellen, tatsächliche Hilfen bei dem elterlichen Aufgaben sowie Unterstützung in schwierigen Zeiten und potenzielle Hilfe. Dabei existieren deutliche Hinweise, dass die Großeltern eine „Reservearmee“ für ihre Kinder und Enkelkinder darstellen, und zwar insbesondere die Großmütter mütterlicherseits. Scheidungen weisen hingegen auf strukturelle Hindernisse für fortwährende Hilfeleistungen hin, insbesondere auf Seiten der Großeltern väterlicherseits. Beim Forschungsdesign und der Durchführung von Studien über heutige Großeltern muss man sich des potenziellen Asymmetrie-Problems bewusst sein und klare Entscheidungen darüber treffen, an welcher Stelle in der Generationenlinie die Untersuchung verankert wird.

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