A multidimensional measurement of the health impact of community-based water treatment systems in Uganda

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jeffery L. Deal ◽  
Henry Massa ◽  
Kristen Check ◽  
Christiana Naaktgeboren ◽  
Alyson M. Malone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Healthcare Facility ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
The Other ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Unique Combination ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Impact

Using a unique combination of ethnographic methods, healthcare facility chart reviews, and individual waterborne parasite tests, the health impacts of providing water treatment systems for communities in Uganda are compared to the impact measured using identical water technology and similar research methods in Honduras. While self-reported diarrhea rates improved in the Ugandan test communities when compared to controls, no significant impact was detected in any of the other measures. This contrasts sharply with findings in Honduras where all measures demonstrated statistically significant improvement after installation of identical water treatment systems. Ongoing ethnographic work reveals that knowledge of waterborne pathogens was universal in both Uganda and Honduras while practices related to water consumption varied greatly. Additional factors effecting these outcomes will be discussed.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Network Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
The Other ◽  
Traditional Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Realm ◽  
The Impact

The traditional research approaches common in different disciplines of social sciences centered around one half of the social realm: the actors. The other half are the relations established by these actors and forming the basis of “social.” The social structure shaped by these relations, the position of the actor within this structure, and the impact of this position on the actor are mostly excluded by the traditional research methods. In this chapter, the authors introduce social network analysis and how it complements the other methods.

scholarly journals Cause of rapid monochloramine decay observed in treated water

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 752-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Hancock ◽  
Martin Harris ◽  
David Cook
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Rapid Decay ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
The Impact

Rapid monochloramine decay has been observed in the product water of three River Murray water treatment plants (WTPs). Previous investigations identified that rapid monochloramine decay was microbiological in nature and observed in samples taken after media filtration but was absent in filtered water samples from a fourth WTP of similar design. The filters at the WTP not exhibiting rapid decay are backwashed with filtered non-disinfected water whereas the other WTPs backwash with treated chloraminated water. It was therefore hypothesised that backwashing filters with chloraminated water was the cause of the rapid monochloramine decay. A pilot-scale study was conducted to investigate the impact of backwashing with chloraminated water on the occurrence of microbiologically accelerated monochloramine decay. Additional samples were analysed to assess the impact of chloraminated backwash water on N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation and biological degradation of taste and odour compounds 2-methyl isoborneol (MIB) and geosmin in the filter media. Backwashing with chloraminated filtered water was concluded to be the cause of the observed rapid monochloramine decay, with rapid decay observed within 8 weeks for the filters backwashing with chloramines. Additionally, backwashing with chloraminated filtered water was observed to increase NDMA formation and impair the biological degradation performance of MIB and geosmin.

scholarly journals Health Impact of Community-Based Water Treatment Systems in Honduras

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffery Deal
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Medical Chart Review ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Initial Results ◽  
Protozoan Species

This paper provides a followup on a previous report in this journal on the health impact of providing access to water treatment and flush toilets to region of Honduras. Significant reductions were found in the one-year incidence of positive test results for the three protozoan species tested. This finding combined with the previously reported ethnographic and medical chart review data provides compelling evidence that such interventions significantly reduce the disease load from waterborne pathogens within this population. Furthermore, the finding that initial results are significantly different, even in the initial round of testing, if individuals who are not followed up are eliminated from the analysis has profound methodological implications which warrant further investigation and demonstrates the need for precise definitions of community in future studies.

scholarly journals Modelling the size, cost and health impacts of universal basic income: What can be done in advance of a trial?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Thomas Johnson ◽  
Elliott Aidan Johnson ◽  
Laura Webber ◽  
Rocco Friebel ◽  
Howard Robert Reed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Individual Determinants ◽  
Returns On Investment ◽  
The Impact

AbstractOpposition to Universal Basic Income (UBI) is encapsulated by Martinelli’s claim that ‘an affordable basic income would be inadequate, and an adequate basic income would be unaffordable’. In this article, we present a model of health impact that transforms that assumption. We argue that UBI can affect higher level social determinants of health down to individual determinants of health and on to improvements in public health that lead to a number of economic returns on investment. Given that no trial has been designed and deployed with that impact in mind, we present a methodological framework for assessing prospective costs and returns on investment through modelling to make the case for that trial. We begin by outlining the pathways to health in our model of change in order to present criteria for establishing the size of transfer capable of promoting health. We then consider approaches to calculating cost in a UK context to estimate budgetary burdens that need to be met by the state. Next, we suggest means of modelling the prospective impact of UBI on health before asserting means of costing that impact, using a microsimulation approach. We then outline a set of fiscal options for funding any shortfall in returns. Finally, we suggest that fiscal strategy can be designed specifically with health impact in mind by modelling the impact of reform on health and feeding that data cyclically back into tax transfer module of the microsimulation.

scholarly journals Haemodialysis therapy and sustainable growth: a corporate experience in France

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 2154-2160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges Bendine ◽  
Fabien Autin ◽  
Bruno Fabre ◽  
Olivier Bardin ◽  
François Rabasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
High Water ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Action Plans ◽  
Dialysis Unit ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Sustainable growth and environmental issues are currently a topic for all human activities, and dialysis represents a real challenge in this field because of high water and power consumption and the production of large amounts of care-related waste. In this article we describe data collection implemented in the NephroCare centres in France and the changes observed during a 13-year period regarding environmental parameters. Methods Monthly data collection (eco-reporting) was implemented in NephroCare centres in France in 2005. It covers three topics designed as key performance indicators (KPIs): electricity and water consumption and care-related waste production expressed, respectively, as kilowatt-hour (kWh), litres (L) and kilograms per session. We report on the three action plans (2005–10, 2011–14 and 2015–18) and changes observed during this 13-year period. Results During the period, power and water consumption declined by 29.6% (from 23.1 to 16.26 kWh/session) and 52% (from 801 to 382 L/session), respectively. At the same time, the yearly number of dialysis sessions has increased from 169 335 to 399 336. The sources of savings came both from improvements in the dialysis technology (dialysis machines and water treatment systems) and from updating and remodelling of the dialysis unit equipment and buildings. The care-related waste decreased from 1.8 to 1.1 kg because of regular staff training and the retrofiltration system, allowing the voiding of the remaining saline solution after dialysis. These savings have been estimated as equivalent to 102 440 tons of carbon dioxide. Discussion Implementation of KPIs and their regular monitoring by trained staff to evaluate water and power consumption and the reduction of care-related water production are essential to implement actions to reduce the impact of dialysis on the environment. These data show the importance of water treatment and dialysis technology to decrease water and power consumption and the production of care-related waste as well as upgrading or remodelling of buildings housing dialysis units. Other measures are discussed, including the reuse of rejected water by reverse osmosis, as well as behavioural changes that are needed to reach sustainable development of dialysis. Conclusion The first step to reach ‘green’ dialysis is to collect precise information from defined KPIs. This is the only way to design action plans to reduce the impact of dialysis therapy on the environment. Beyond this, the nephrology community must be sensitized to this challenge to be proactive and to anticipate future regulations.

scholarly journals Qualitative Exploration of Legal, Economic and Health Impacts of Covid-19 in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Yusuff Jelili Amuda ◽  
Emna Chikhaoui ◽  
Shafiqul Hassan ◽  
Mohsin Dhali
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Force Majeure ◽  
The Government ◽  
Qualitative Exploration ◽  
The Impact

Since the outbreak of COVID-19, several researches have been conducted in different parts of the world, including Saudi Arabia. However, there is little focus of attention on qualitative exploration of the impacts of COVID-19 in the context of Saudi Arabia. The primary objective of this study was to explore the opinions of legal, economic, and medical experts pertaining to the impacts of COVID-19. The methodology employed in this paper was a qualitative research design. The data was collected with a specific focus on the use of an in-depth interview. Fifteen (15) participants among the legal, economic, and medical experts were finally used for the interview among the targeted participants. In order to analyze the data, different themes were generated from the transcribed interviews, which were: Overview of COVID-19, legal, economic, health impacts. The finding of the study revealed that the current pandemic of Covid-19 has multidimensional impacts in Saudi Arabia. The pandemic has negative impact not only on the social and economic areas but also on the legal sphere. Social and economic impacts of the Covid-19 increase the inequality, discrimination, unemployment, deprivation of usual education, and disruption in business activities. The findings further indicated that the legal impact of COVID-19 has been mentioned in the aspect of the inability to perform contracts that have the potential to trigger default or force majeure provisions leading to litigation or reconciliation. In addition, the participants also acknowledged the health impact of COVID-19 in causing anxiety, suffering from illness, loneliness, depression, and causing death, among others. If not properly addressed through effective measures and policy, the impact of the COVID-19 on the legal, economic, and health spheres would have severe consequences. Therefore, it is recommended that all the stakeholders, especially the government of Saudi Arabia should effectively and efficiently address the legal, economic, and health impacts of COVID-19. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2022-SPER-01 Full Text: PDF

Assessing health impacts

2013 ◽  
pp. 50-63
Author(s):  
Alex Scott-Samuel ◽  
Kate Ardern ◽  
Martin Birley
Keyword(s):  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Health Impact Assessment ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Policy Context ◽  
The Impact

By reading this chapter you will become familiar with the background and policy context of health impact assessment (HIA), current and emerging concepts and methods of HIA, the impact of HIA, and an approach to conducting rapid and comprehensive prospective HIAs on major public policies, programmes, and projects.

scholarly journals Can a nurse-led community-based model of hypertension care improve hypertension control in Ghana? Results from the ComHIP cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e026799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alma J Adler ◽  
Amos Laar ◽  
David Prieto-Merino ◽  
Reina M M Der ◽  
Debbie Mangortey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Steering Committee ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Hypertension Control ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
High Loss ◽  
Referral Tool ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of the Community-based Hypertension Improvement Project (ComHIP) in increasing hypertension control.SettingLower Manya Krobo, Eastern Region, Ghana.ParticipantsAll adult hypertensive community members, except pregnant women, were eligible for inclusion in the study. We enrolled 1339 participants, 69% of whom were female. A total of 552 had a 6-month visit, and 338 had a 12-month visit.InterventionsWe report on a package of interventions where community-based cardiovascular disease (CVD) nurses were trained by FHI 360. CVD nurses confirmed diagnoses of known hypertensives and newly screened individuals. Participants were treated according to the clinical guidelines established through the project’s Technical Steering Committee. Patients received three types of reminder and adherence messages. We used CommCare, a cloud-based system, as a case management and referral tool.Primary outcomeHypertension control defined as blood pressure (BP) under 140/90 mm Hg. Secondary outcomes: changes in BP and knowledge of risk factors for hypertension.ResultsAfter 1 year of intervention, 72% (95% CI: 67% to 77%) of participants had their hypertension under control. Systolic BP was reduced by 12.2 mm Hg (95% CI: 14.4 to 10.1) and diastolic BP by 7.5 mm Hg (95% CI: 9.9 to 6.1). Due to low retention, we were unable to look at knowledge of risk factors. Factors associated with remaining in the programme for 12 months included education, older age, hypertension under control at enrolment and enrolment date. The majority of patients who remained in the programme were on treatment, with two-thirds taking at least two medications.ConclusionsPatients retained in ComHIP had increased BP control. However, high loss to follow-up limits potential public health impact of these types of programmes. To minimise the impact of externalities, programmes should include standard procedures and backup systems to maximise the possibility that patients stay in the programme.

scholarly journals Legalisasi Lotto di Makassar, 1967-1969

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Fitri Handayani ◽  
Mustari Bosra
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
Basic Pattern ◽  
Analysis Study ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui latar belakang legalisasi Lotto di Makassar, dinamika penyelenggaraan Lotto di Makassar, serta dampak legalisasi Lotto dalam kehidupan masyarakat Makassar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif-analisis dengan menggunakan metode penelitian sejarah melalui tahap heurisik, kritik, interpretasi dan historiografi. Hasil penelitian yang disajikan dalam tulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa Pola dasar pembangunan daerah Kotamadya Makassar yang berisikan pemberantasan kemiskinan, kebodohan dan kemelaratan (3K) sesuai dengan PELITA terhambat karena kurangnya dana. Walikota Kotamadya Makassar pada saat itu, H.M. Dg. Patompo mencari jalan keluar dengan mengumpulkan dana pembangunan inkonvensional berupa pajak perjudian dengan memilih Lotere Totalisator (Lotto) yang saat itu marak diselenggarakan di Kota lain. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penyelenggaraan Lotto di Makassar pada satu sisi mampu membantu menambah pendapatan asli daerah, namun pada sisi lain Lotto ini juga menjadi virus yang membuat pemikiran spekulatif berkembang dikalangan masyarakat yaitu dengan mendapatkan untung dari hasil Lotto tanpa harus bekerja keras dan juga menghilangkan budaya siri’ yang dianut oleh masyarakat Bugis Makassar.Kata Kunci: Lotto, Makassar, dan PajakThis study aims to determine the background of Lotto legalization in Makassar, the dynamics of the implementation of Lotto in Makassar, and the impact of Lotto legalization on the lives of Makassar people. This research is a descriptive-analysis study using historical research methods through the heurisic, criticism, interpretation and historiography stages. The results of the study presented in this paper show that the basic pattern of regional development in the Municipality of Makassar which contains poverty, ignorance and poverty (3K) in accordance with PELITA is hampered due to lack of funds. The Mayor of Makassar Municipality at the time, H.M. Dg. Patompo sought a way out by collecting unconventional development funds in the form of a gambling tax by selecting Lottery Totalisator (Lotto), which at that time was rife in other cities. From the results of this study it can be concluded that the implementation of Lotto in Makassar on the one hand is able to help increase local original income, but on the other hand this Lotto is also a virus that makes speculative thinking develop among the community by getting profits from Lotto results without having to work hard and also eliminating siri’ culture adhered to by the Bugis Makassar community.Keywords: Lotto, Makassar and Tax 

Dampak Covid 19 Terhadap Praktik Jual-Beli:

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-47
Author(s):  
Sitti Aisyah. M Aisyah ◽  
Sappaemi
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Qualitative Research Methods ◽  
Business Practice ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Islamic View

The Corona virus pandemic exploited by irresponsible elements.  They do a cunning business strategy, which is to hoard goods, in fiqhi terms known as iḥtikār. In the Islamic view, iḥtikār is a prohibited business practice and will be met with a painful punishment in the afterlife.  The purpose of this paper is to provide an understanding about the impact of COVID 19 on the practice of buying and selling (iḥtikār).  This paper uses qualitative research methods in the form of library reseach using the shar'i approach.  From this study it can be concluded that the behavior of hoarding goods with the aim of reselling them at high prices to obtain large profits.  In Islamic Shari'ah, iḥtikār‘s law is haram because it contains elements that harm others.  This is very clearly stated in QS al-Humazah/109: 1-2 and punished by sin as stipulated in the hadith of the Messenger of Allah.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document