scholarly journals Assessment of Water Quality in Kuntaur, Central River Region, The Gambia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-243
Author(s):  
Oladele Oyelakin ◽  
◽  
Mustapha Conteh ◽  
Osaro Iyekowa ◽  
Adjivon Anthony ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
River Region ◽  
National Environment ◽  
Environment Agency ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Nitrite Nitrate

The study deals with twelve water quality parameters on twenty-four sampling locations in Kuntaur. Samples were collected from the both surface water and groundwater. Twelve parameters were: temperature, pH, conductivity, acidity, alkalinity, total dissolved solids, turbidity, iron, nitrite, nitrate, sulphate and phosphorus (orthophosphate). Nearly all the measured parameters fell within the standard reference of the various parameters. The standards were: National Environment Agency, NEA, (The Gambia), World Health Organization, WHO and European Union, EU, Standards.

scholarly journals Groundwater quality assessment of Shahdadkot, Qubo Saeed Khan and Sijawal Junejo Talukas of District Qambar Shahdadkot, Sindh

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Farooque Lanjwani ◽  
Muhammad Yar Khuhawar ◽  
Taj Muhammad Jahangir Khuhawar
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
World Health ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Permissible Limits ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractThe study examines the water quality of Shahdadkot, Qubo Saeed Khan and Sijawal Junejo talukas of Qambar Shahdadkot District, less affected by industrial contamination. A total of 38 groundwater samples were collected and analysed for 28 parameters. The results indicated that 57.89% samples were not suitable for drinking purpose with total dissolved solids above than maximum permissible limit of World Health Organization (WHO) (1000 mg/L). The pH, total phosphate, orthophosphate and nitrite were within WHO limits. The concentration of essential metals more than half samples, fluoride in 60.52% and heavy metals 0–50% were contaminated higher than permissible limits of WHO. The statistical analysis of water quality parameters was also carried out to evaluate coefficient of determination among the parameters, cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Water quality determined for irrigation based on Kelly index (KI), sodium percentage (Na%), chloride–sulphate ratio, sodium adsorption ratio, permeability index (PI), chloroalkaline indices 1 (CAI-1), residual sodium carbonate and chloride bicarbonate ratio indicated that samples (55 to 100%) could be used for irrigation purposes. The consumption of water with high concentration of salts and fluoride above the permissible limits may be a cause of a number of diseases in the area.

scholarly journals Assessment of the impact of pit latrines on groundwater contamination in Hopley Settlement, Harare, Zimbabwe

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 464-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonse Tapera Ndoziya ◽  
Zvikomborero Hoko ◽  
Webster Gumindoga
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Contamination ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
World Health ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Pit Latrine ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Abstract A study was conducted to assess the water quality of the groundwater sources and possible impacts of pit latrines on the groundwater for selected boreholes and wells. The City of Harare's peri-urban settlement of Hopley predominantly uses pit latrines for excreta disposal. This puts groundwater at risk to contamination thereby threatening human health. Pit latrine density around groundwater points was assessed using a Geographical Information System (GIS). The pit latrine density ranged from 0 to 5 latrines in a 15 m radius to 3–63 latrines in a 100 m radius. From the analysis of the water samples, it was observed that on average, only 63% and 48% of samples met drinking water quality standards set by the World Health Organization guidelines and Standards Association of Zimbabwe limits. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that only three components had an eigenvalue of over 1 that explained 76.9% of the total cumulative variance of the observed variable. From the PCA, key parameters in groundwater contamination were nitrates, electrical conductivity, chlorides, ammonia, and thermotolerant coliforms. The spatial variation of the selected water quality parameters suggests that water points at the lowest end of the settlement had the poorest water quality. The point-of-use treatment is recommended for wells.

Assessment of Leachate Effects on Groundwater and Soil from Nduba Land Fill in Kigali, Rwanda

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 68-75
Author(s):  
Tumwizere Remy Patrick ◽  
Felix Hategekimana ◽  
Niyibizi Aphrodice ◽  
G. Senthil Kumaran
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Landfill Site ◽  
International Standards ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Analytical Results ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Landfills are one of the groundwater pollution sources in Rwanda. Physical and chemical analyses of water samples were carried out to assure the magnitude of Nduba Landfill on ground water quality. Laboratory tests were conducted to get the results which helped us to study the assessment of leachate effect and to propose mitigation measures of Nduba landfill. The results showed that most of water were contaminated, where concentration of most physical and chemical parameters were above acceptable standard levels required by local and international standards for potable. The analytical results of leachates samples (Cu: 38.5 mg/L, Mn: 13.075mg/l, Zn:15mg/l, TP:4525mg/l, pH:8.52µS/cm, COD:7100mg/l, BOD:182.1mg/l, TN:5mg/l and Fe: 43.025 mg/L) showed that heavy metals are leached out from the MSW. The analytical results of groundwater from the wells located in the vicinity of Nduba landfill site (Cu: 2 mg/L, Zn:3.5-5.5mg/l, SO42-: 250-275mg/l, NO3-: 55-67.5mg/l,NH4+:1.5-2.25mg/l, COD: 39-53.4mg/l, Fe: 1.75-4.25 mg/L, Turbidity: 4.03-4.32NTU, pH:5.31-5.73µS/cm, Temperature: 21°C and BOD:20.7-21.6mg/l) compared to the World Health Organization standard (Cu:0.1mg/L,Fe:0.3mg/L,Zn:5mg/l,SO42-:200mg/l,NO3-:50mg/l,NH4+:1.5mg/l,Turbidity:<5.0 NTU and pH:6.5-9.2µS/cm) revealed that groundwater from the wells located in the vicinity of Nduba landfill site requires further physical chemical treatment to ensure their suitability for human consumption as the levels of some water quality parameters exceeded the EPA guidelines for drinking water. Designing a sanitary landfill was recommended to avoid effects of leachate on environment.

scholarly journals Water quality and microbial contamination status of Madawachchiya, Padaviya and Kebithigollewa areas in Anuradhapura District, Sri Lanka

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.G.Y.L. Mahagamage ◽  
Pathmalal M. Manage
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Hard Water ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
World Health ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Drinking Water Standards ◽  
Sampling Locations

Abstract Typhoid or enteric fever is a worldwide infection caused by the bacterium Salmonella enterica. In Sri Lanka, 12,823 Salmonella positive cases were recorded and 133 cases were recorded from Anuradhapura district during 2005 to 2014. Therefore, the study was carried out to identify the microbiological and chemical contamination status of forty-four water sources in Anuradhapura area during October 2016. The study was focused to determine total coliform, faecal coliform, Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. contamination along with some physico-chemical parameters of both ground and surface water. Sampling, transportation, and analysis were performed following standard protocols. Results of the study revealed that almost all sampling locations were contaminated with both total and E. coli bacteria and the values were not within the World Health Organization and Sri Lanka Standards drinking water quality standards. Around 32% of sampling locations were positive for Salmonella spp. and among them, 2 spring sampling locations are being highly used to extract water for drinking. However, Shigella spp. was not recorded during the study period. Majority of the sampling points were not within the Sri Lanka drinking water standards for COD and 25% sampling locations were recorded greater than 750 μS∙cm−1 conductivity. Also, 55% of locations recorded very hard water where the highest values were recorded in Padaviya. The tested other water quality parameters: NO2-N, NH3-N, and total phosphate (TP) concentrations were found within the Sri Lanka drinking water standards. PCA analysis revealed that sampling locations were grouped into three groups such as; well water, tank water and springs.

scholarly journals Gis-based Analysis of Water Quality Parameters of Groundwater with Proximity to Onsite Wastes Pits in Vom Community of Jos South, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-18
Author(s):  
R. E. Daffi ◽  
M. I. Alfa ◽  
E. S. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Health Organization

Water quality assessment is an important part of environmental quality management especially in groundwater resources located close to sources of contamination. This study involved the assessment of groundwater quality for hand dug wells at locations with proximity to pit latrines in Vom community, Plateau State, Nigeria and the use of GIS for data analysis. Water samples were collected from six (6) locations in a small area to assume possible interaction between the water in the sampling wells, the maximum distance between any two points being 100 m and the minimum distance being 22 m. Eleven (11) physical, bacteriological and chemical parameters were analyzed for the water samples. The results were compared with World Health Organization and Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality standards. The chemical parameters in the samples tested met the WHO and NSDWQ limits with the exception of pH which was slightly acidic for four samples. The results also showed that E. coli was found in all the samples tested. This may be attributed to the proximity of the wells to pit latrines. The results obtained from laboratory analyses were inputted into a GIS database in ILWIS 3.8 where the variation maps were developed and also classified maps for each of the parameters based on whether they meet WHO standards or not. The classified maps were all overlaid in GIS to develop the groundwater quality information map where any point highlighted gives information on the parameters for that point. This makes the retrieval of water quality parameters easy and also the comparison of the parameters with respect to location. Treatment of the groundwater with chemicals like soda ash and chlorine are recommended before consumption. It is generally recommended that wells should not be located in close proximity to onsite underground wastes disposal pits. Government should provide sufficient potable water for the Vom Community.

Drinking-Water Quality and Intestinal Infectious Diseases in a Colombian Department, 2010-2016

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Dora Cardona Rivas ◽  
Militza Yulain Cardona Guzmán ◽  
Olga Lucía Ocampo López
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Social ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Health Organization

Objective: To characterize the burden of intestinal infectious diseases attributable to drinking-water quality in 27 municipalities in the central region of Colombia. Materials and methods: A time-trend ecological study. The drinking-water quality of the National Institute of Health and the Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies was identified. The disease burden was calculated based on the mortality registered in the National Department of Statistics and the records of morbidity attended by the Social Protection Integrated Information System. The etiological agents reported in morbidity records and the observation of environmental conditions in the municipalities of the study were included. The disease burden was determined according to the methodology recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO).

scholarly journals Assessment of drinking water contamination in food stalls of Jashore Municipality, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Molla Rahman Shaibur ◽  
Mohammed Sadid Hossain ◽  
Shirina Khatun ◽  
F. K. Sayema Tanzia
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Permissible Limit ◽  
World Health ◽  
Drinking Water Contamination ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the quality of drinking water supplied in different types of food stalls in Jashore Municipality, Bangladesh. A total of 35 water samples were collected from different tea stalls, street side fast food stalls, normal restaurants and well-furnished restaurants. The water quality was evaluated by determining the distinct physical, chemical and biological parameters. The results revealed that the water used in the food stalls and restaurants for drinking purpose was in desired quality in terms of turbidity, electrical conductivity, pH, total dissolved solids, nitrate (NO3−), sulfate (SO42−), phosphate (PO43−), chloride (Cl−), sodium (Na) and potassium (K) concentrations. The values were within the permissible limit proposed by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics and the World Health Organization. Concentrations of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) found in several samples were higher than the World Health Organization standard. Iron (Fe) concentrations were higher than the permissible limit of the World Health Organization. Only 46% exceeded the permissible limit of Bangladesh Bureau Statistics. The threatening result was that the samples were contaminated by fecal coliform, indicating that the people of Jashore Municipality may have a greater chance of being affected by pathogenic bacteria. The drinking water provided in the street side fast food stalls was biologically contaminated. The findings demonstrate that the drinking water used in food stalls and restaurants of Jashore Municipality did not meet up the potable drinking water quality standards and therefore was detrimental to public health.

scholarly journals Classification Maps for TDS Concentrations in the GIS Along Euphrates River, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 232 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Chabuk ◽  
Zahraa Ali Hammood ◽  
Nadhir Al-Ansari ◽  
Salwan Ali Abed ◽  
Jan Laue
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Euphrates River ◽  
Poor Water Quality ◽  
Quality Category ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Dissolved Salts

AbstractIraq currently undergoing the problem of water shortage, although Iraq has two Rivers (Euphrates and Tigris) pass throughout most of its areas, and they have represented a major source of water supply. In the current research, to evaluate the quality of the Euphrates river in Iraq based on the values of total dissolved salts (TDS), the TDS concentrations were collected from sixteen sections along the river in the three succeeding years (2011, 2012, and 2013). The evaluation of the river was done depending on the classification of (W.H.O. (World Health Organization). (2003). Total Dissolved Salts in Drinking-water: Background document for development of W.H.O. Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland). of rivers for drinking uses. Inverse Distance Weighting Technique (IDWT) as a tool in the GIS was employed to establish the maps of the river that using interpolation/prediction for the TDS concentrations to each selected year and the average values of TDS for these 3 years. Based on the five categories of rivers’ classification of the TDS concentrations according to the (W.H.O. (World Health Organization). (2003). Total Dissolved Salts in Drinking-water: Background document for development of W.H.O. Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland), the Euphrates river was classified, and the maps of classification for the years 2011, 2012 and 2013 and the average values for 3 years were created. The average values for 3 years of TDS along the Euphrates river indicated that the sections from SC-1 to SC-4 as moderate-water-quality-Category-3, the sections from SC-5 to SC-10 as poor-water-quality-Category-4, while the sections between SC-11 to SC-16 as very poor-water-quality-Category-5. The interpolation maps showed that the Euphrates river in Iraq was ranged from moderate water quality (Category-3) to very poor water quality (Category-5).

Physico-chemical and Biological Properties of Groundwater Quality in Rural Settlement, Nadi, Fiji

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Roselyn Naidu ◽  
Lionel Joseph ◽  
Syed Sauban Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Drinking Water Contamination ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
Health Organization

The current study investigated drinking water quality of samples taken from Arolevu village, a locality situated in Nadi, Fiji. The groundwater samples were collected and subjected to a comprehensive physicochemical and biological analysis. The analysis for the drinking water sample was conducted seasonally, six times a year, that is, three for the dry season and three for the wet season. The results retrieved from the analysis were compared to its maximum contamination levels (MCLs) based on the health-based guidelines provided by the World Health Organization (WHO). The WHO standards were used as an attribute to determine the sources of contaminants likely to be present at the study site. A degradation trend in drinking water quality in the context of climate change may lead to potential health impacts. Hence, it is important to understand seasonal variations in drinking water quality. A proper understanding of the drinking water quality through seasonal water analysis for nitrate, nitrite, potassium, calcium, magnesium and chlorine content as well as its microbiological presence to reduce preventable risks such as using calculated amounts of fertilisers and upgrading the sewerage system to alleviate drinking water contamination is devised through this study.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Groundwater Quality in the Vicinity of Khurrianwala Industrial Zone, Pakistan

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aleem ◽  
Cao Shun ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
Arslan Aslam ◽  
Wu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Industrial Zone ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
National Environmental

The industrial augmentation and unguided anthropogenic activities contaminate water sources in most parts of the world especially in developing countries like Pakistan. High concentration of pollutants in groundwater affects human, soil, and crop health badly. The present study was conducted to investigate groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes in an industrial zone of Pakistan. A GIS tool was used to investigate the spatial distribution of different physico-chemical parameters. In this study, the average results exceeding World Health Organization (WHO) and National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) were found for pH 7.84, total dissolved solids (TDS) 1492 mg/L, phosphate 0.51 mg/L, dissolved oxygen (DO) 9.92% saturation, F-coli 6.48 colonies/100 mL, Na+ 366 mg/L, HCO3− 771 mg/L, sulfate 251 mg/L, chlorides 427 mg/L, total hardness (as CaCO3) 292 mg/L, electrical conductivity (EC) 2408 μS/cm, iron (Fe) 0.48 mg/L, chrome (Cr) 0.50 mg/L, arsenic (As) 0.04 mg/L, total phosphorus (TP) 0.17 mg/L, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) 9.76 (in meq/L), residual sodium carbonate (RSC) 9.28 meq/L, % ion balance 14.4 (in meq/L), percentage sodium ion (% Na+) concentration 58.9 meq/L, and water quality index (WQI) 69.0. The trend of cations and anions were (in meq/L) Na > Mg > Ca > K and HCO3 > Cl > CO3 > SO4 respectively. Although the results of the present study showed poor conditions of the groundwater for drinking as WQI but and irrigation purposes as SAR, it needs to improve some more conditions for the provision of safe drinking water and irrigation water quality.

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