The Effects of N and P Addition on the Soil Properties of a Eucalyptus urophylla Stand

2014 ◽  
Vol 700 ◽  
pp. 314-322
Author(s):  
Qiu Jing Li ◽  
Li Xue ◽  
Hong Yue Chen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
N Addition ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Available N ◽  
Biochemical Indices ◽  
P Addition ◽  
Total P

The effects of N and P addition on soil organic matter and nutrients, microbe and enzyme were investigated in a Eucalyptus urophylla stand to provide basis for soil management. Contents of organic matter, available P of N, P and N + P addition was significantly greater than the control, total N content of N and N+P addition was significant greater than the control, contents of total P, total K and available K of P and N + P addition was significantly greater than the control, available N content of N addition was significantly greater than the control, whereas that of P addition was significantly smaller than the control. N addition significantly increased the soil actinomyces number and urease activity, but had no significant effect on the number of soil bacteria and fungus, activities of phosphatase and catalase. Number of soil bacteria, fungus and actinomyces, activities of urease, phosphatase and catalase significantly increased after P addition, and biochemical indices except for bacteria number significantly increased after N + P addition.

Effects of sediment nutrients and depth on small-scale spatial heterogeneity of submersed macrophyte communities in Lake Pleasant, Pennsylvania

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 1493-1502 ◽  
Author(s):  
R K Johnson ◽  
M L Ostrofsky
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Sediment Characteristics ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Total N ◽  
Available N ◽  
Prevailing Paradigm

Sediment concentrations of total and available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) and organic matter from the littoral zone of Lake Pleasant, Pennsylvania, were highly variable. Only organic matter and total N were correlated with depth, however. This result suggests the existence of more complex environmental gradients than the prevailing paradigm of monotonic changes in sediment characteristics with increasing depth. The spatial heterogeneity of submersed aquatic plant communities was significantly correlated with depth, and available N and P. Canonical correspondence analysis demonstrated that these three factors explained 38% of the variance in community structure. Other sediment characteristics (available K, organic matter, and total N, P and K) were not significant by themselves, but all variables combined explained 63% of community-structure variance. Cluster analysis identified species or groups of species typical of endpoints on the depth versus nutrient axes. Myriophyllum exalbescens was typical of deep sites with relatively nutrient-rich sediments, whereas deep nutrient-poor sites were dominated by Vallisneria americana and Megalodonta beckii. Shallow nutrient-rich sites were dominated by several species of Potamogeton and Elodea canadensis, and shallow nutrient-poor sites were dominated by Heteranthera dubia and Najas flexilis. These results demonstrate the importance of sediment characteristics in determining macrophytes' community structure within lakes.

Soil Physical and Chemical Properties under Four Densities of Hybrid Larch Plantations

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 2139-2142
Author(s):  
Shu Li Wang ◽  
Chao Ma ◽  
Wei Bin Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Larix Olgensis ◽  
Hybrid Larch ◽  
Total N ◽  
Available N ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Total P ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The soil physical and chemical properties of four densities (A:2500/hm2，B:3300/hm2，C:4400/hm2，D:6600/hm2) of hybrid Larch plantations, Larix olgensis plantation(E) and Quercus mandsurica forest(F) were studied in Jiangshanjiao forest farm of Heilongjiang province of China. Soil bulk density, soil porosity, total N, total P, available N and available P were affected significantly by plantation density in hybrid Larch plantations. The lowest surface soil bulk density was in density 2500/hm2. Soil porosity of density 2500/hm2and 3300/hm2was bigger than that of density 4400/hm2and density 6600/hm2. Total N, total P and available N of density 4400/hm2and 3300/hm2were higher than that of density 6600/hm2and density 2500/hm2. Total N, total P, available N and available P of hybrid Larch plantations were not lower than that of Larix olgensis plantation. The results of the soil physical and chemical properties under different densities of hybrid Larch plantations and different types of forest seems to confirm that hybrid Larch plantation did not decreased the soil fertility, and the hybrid Larch plantation with densities of 3300/hm2and 4400/hm2could be conductive to improving the soil quality. The results would provide the theories basis for manage the hybrid Larch plantations.

Indices of soil nitrogen availability in five Tasmanian Eucalyptus nitens plantations

Soil Research ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 719 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Moroni ◽  
P. J. Smethurst ◽  
G. K. Holz
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Eucalyptus Nitens ◽  
Soil Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Available N ◽  
Total P

Several soil analyses were used to estimate available N in surface soils (0–10 cm) over a 2-year period at 5 sites that supported 1- to 4-year-old Eucalyptus nitens plantations, and once in subsoils (10–120 cm) at 3 of these sites. Soils were derived from basalt (1 site previously pasture, 1 Pinus radiate, and 2 native forest) or siltstone (previously native forest). Soil analyses examined were total N, total P, total C, anaerobically mineralisable N (AMN), hot KCl-extractable N (hot KCl-N), and NH4+ and NO3– in soil solution and KCl extracts. AMN, KCl-extractable NH4+ and NO3–, and soil solution NH4+ and NO3– varied considerably with time, whereas hot KCl-N, total N, total P, and total C were temporally stable except for a gradual decline in total C with time at one site. Only total P was correlated with net N mineralisation (NNM) across all sites (r2 = 0.91, P < 0.05, n = 5). At 2–3 years after planting, soil solution and KCl-extractable NO3– dropped below 0.1 mm N and 1 μg N/g soil, respectively, at sites with NNM ≤24 kg N/ha.year (n = 3). Sites with NNM ≤24 kg N/ha.year also had ≤0.8 Mg P/ha. Although concentrations of indices of soil N availability decreased with depth, the contribution of subsoil (10–120 cm depth) to total profile N availability was estimated to be at least twice that of the top 10 cm. At an ex-pasture site, high concentrations of mineral N were found at 75–105 cm depths (KCl-extractable N, 289.3 μg N/g soil; 2.8 mm mineral N in soil solution), which may have become available to plantations as their root systems developed.

Effect of density of Tephrosia candida stands on soil characteristics

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyang Lie ◽  
Zhuomin Wang ◽  
Li Xue
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
One Year ◽  
Tephrosia Candida ◽  
Total P

With one-year-old Tephrosia candida trees as experimental material, influence of stand density on soil nutrient content and enzyme activity was studied. The results showed that density had little influenced on pH value in 2, 4 and 8 trees m2 stands. The contents of soil organic matter, effective nitrogen and effective phosphorus significantly increased in 2 trees m2 stands. The contents of soil organic matter and effective nitrogen significantly increased, whereas total N, total P, total K, effective N, effective P and effective K significantly decreased in 4 trees/m2 stand. Soil organic matter and nutrients except for total P significantly decreased in 8 trees m2 stand. Among the three density stands, the activities of urease, catalase and phosphatase were the lowest in 8 trees m2 stand.

Nitrogen-mineralization potential of meadow soils

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Régis R. Simard ◽  
Adrien N'dayegamiye
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Mineralization Rate ◽  
Total N ◽  
Available N ◽  
Gompertz Equation ◽  
Mineralizable N ◽  
Mineralization Potential ◽  
Potential Mineralization

An understanding of the mineralization factors in contrasting cultivated soils is necessary for accurate predictions of plant-available N. The objective of this work was to determine the N-mineralization potential and mathematical models that can properly describe the dynamics of the mineralization process in 20 meadow soils from Quebec. The mineralization was monitored over 55.4 wk in a laboratory incubation at 20 °C with intermittent leaching. The cumulative mineralization curves in most soils were characterized by definite lags or a sigmoidal pattern and near-linear release with time after 20 wk. The data were best described by the Gompertz equation; first-order models were inadequate. The total amount of mineralizable N and the potential mineralization rate were very closely correlated with the total amounts of C or N (r > 0.73; P < 0.01). The clay content was also correlated with these mineralization parameters and significantly improved the prediction of the cumulative and potential N-mineralization rate estimated from the total N or C content of soils. The relationships with other soil characteristics such as soil pH and available nutrient contents were weak but significant. The results of this study suggest that textural classes be added in the correction for organic matter content to improve the precision in N-fertilizer recommendation and in soil-quality classifications based on potential mineralization rate. Key words: Soil quality, potentially mineralizable N, Gompertz equation, soil organic matter, soil texture, C, N

scholarly journals Karakteristik habitat dan pola pertumbuhan kepiting kelapa (Birgus latro) di Pulau Ternate dan Kabupaten Halmahera Barat Provinsi Maluku Utara

DEPIK ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rugaya H. Serosero ◽  
Suryani . ◽  
Rina .
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Total N ◽  
Substrate Texture ◽  
Total P

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik habitat dan pola pertumbuhan kepiting kelapa (Birgus latro) di Takome Pulau Ternate dan Idamdehe Kecamatan Jailolo Propinsi Maluku Utara. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan April-Juli 2014. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah tekstur substrat dengan metode pipet, penentuan kandungan nitrat danfosfat tanah dengan metode spektofotometer, pengukuran panjang + rostrum (cp+r) kepiting kelapa dan pola pertumbuhannya. Selain it juga diukur suhu udara, suhu lubang dan kelembaban udara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Idamdehe memiliki karakteristik pantai yang curam, bahkan di beberapa lokasi penangkapan sangat terjal, sedangkan  di lokasi Takome Pulau Ternate memiliki karakteristik pantai yang lebih landai. Tekstur substrat di lokasi Takome Pulau Ternate terdiri atas pasir (55,76 %), debu (18,4%) dan liat (25,84%) dan Stasiun Idamdehe memiliki tekstur pasir (49,17%), debu (25,61%) dan liat (25,22%)dankandungan bahan organik substrat (Total N) di Takome adalah 0,31% dan total P adalah 0,09% sedangkan di Idamdehe Total N adalah 0,19% dan Total P 0,02%. Suhu udara di lokasi Idamdehe berkisar 26-280C dan di Takome 27-280C. Kelembaban udara 73%-98% di Idamdehe dan 71%-90% di Takome. Parameter lingkungan berupa suhu udara, kelembaban udara, tekstur substrat dan kandungan bahan organik di kedua lokasi penelitian mendukung kehidupan kepiting kelapa di habitat alaminya. Pola pertumbuhan kepiting kelapa di kedua lokasi Idamdehe adalah allometrik negatif.Kata kunci: Karakteristik habitat, Idamdehe, Takome, Birgus latro, isometrik, allometrik negatifAbstract. This objectives of the present study were to evaluate the habitat characteristics and growth patterns of the coconut crabs in Takome and Idamdehe waters North Maluku Province. This study was conducted during April-July 2014. The collected data were the substrate texture, nitrate and phosphate contents of soil using spectrophotometric method, length + rostrum (cp+r) of coconut crabs and the growth patterns. In addition, the air temperature, hole temperature and humidity were also recorded during the study. The results showed that Idamdehe waters has precipitous coast, indeed very precipitous in several catching locations, while Takome waters in Ternate Island has sloping coast. The substrate texture of Takome waters in Ternate Island consisted of sands (55.76%), dusts (18.4%) and clays (25.84%), while Idamdehe waters has the substrate texture that consisted of sands (49.17%), dusts (25.61 %) and clays (25.22%). As for organic matter contents of the substrate, Takome waters has 0.31% in total N and 0.09% in total P, while Idamdehe waters has 0.19% in total N and 0.02 % in total P. The air temperature in Idamdehe waters ranged between 26-280C and in Takome waters ranged between 27-280C. Air humidity in Idamdehe waters was 73%-98% and in Takome waters was 71%-90%. The environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, substrate texture and organic matter content in both locations are suitable for coconut crab growing. The growth pattern of coconut crabs in Idamdehe and Sulamadaha waters were allometric negative pattern.Keywords: Habitat characteristics, Idamdehe, Takome, Birgus latro, isometric, negative allometric.

Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in Estonia

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 323-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ülo Mander ◽  
Tõnu Mauring
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Average Output ◽  
Total N ◽  
Input Load ◽  
Total P

In Estonia many natural/semi-natural wetlands have been used for municipal or agricultural wastewater. During the last 6 years twelve constructed wetlands for wastewater purification were established. Budgets of organic matter (BOD), total-N and total-P of three systems (a sand/plant filter with vertical flow, established in 1992, area 90 m2, loading 3.8 g BOD m−2 d−1; a combined overland flow-vertical flow root-zone system on a Phalaris arundinacea-slope, 1989, 2400 m2 ha, 1 g BOD m−2 d−1; an aquatic macrophyte channel (bioditch), 140 m2, 40 g BOD m−2 d−1), located in southern Estonia, are analyzed. Except for nitrogen, the efficiency of the sand/plant filter was found satisfactory: 82%, 36%, and 74% for BOD5, total-N, and total-P, respectively. The poor performance with respect to nitrogen may be caused by weak vegetation. In thePhalaris -system, 65% of organic matter, 67% N, and 80% P was removed. The average output concentrations of this system were always lower than the recommended limits (BOD5 &lt;10 mg l−1, total-N &lt;10 mg l−1, and total-P &lt;2 mg l−1). Due to the high input load, the BOD5, total-N, and total-P values in the outlet of the bioditch were high and extremely variable: 5–100, 6–16, and 1–4 mg l−1, respectively. To guarantee the recommendable output values from the bioditch, either a significant decrease of input load or an enlargement of the area of the wetlands would be needed. All results show that compared to other seasons the winter performance was not reduced.

scholarly journals Kajian Cara Tanam Jagung Bayi (Zea mays L.) dan Rumput Gajah (Pennisetum purpureum) terhadap Besarnya Erosi pada Lahan Miring

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Supriyadi Supriyadi
Keyword(s):  
P Element ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Available P ◽  
Total N ◽  
Available N ◽  
Treatment Variation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Planting Method ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total P

<p>The objective of this research was understanding the impact of planting method to N and P element in the soil (swapt away by erosion) of aslant land, determining the best planting method and plant variety that has best ability to reduce erosion of N and P element. This research employed erosion block for seasonal plants with 30<sup>O</sup> of declivity. Erosion of N and P element examined by analyzing the soil swept away by erotion every 5 days. Analysis of N and P element included available N, total N, available P and total P. Then the data was analyzed with T-test at 95% level confidence.</p><p>Conclusion taken from this research were: 1) Planting method reduce availble P and total P element, respectively as much as 15% and 20%, but there was no significant difference between available N and total P, 2) There was significant difference between available P and total P, when the variety of plant and combination was employed as a treatment variation, 3) Pennisetum purpureum planted by using equidistant method reduce N and P element in the soil, respectively as much as 15% and 20%.</p>

scholarly journals Nitrogen and Phosphorus Balances Vary at the Whole-Farm, Field, and Within-Field Scales

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Berlingeri ◽  
Joseph R. Lawrence ◽  
S. Sunoj ◽  
Karl J. Czymmek ◽  
Quirine M. Ketterings
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Total N ◽  
Available N ◽  
N Removal ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total P

A field nutrient balance (supplied minus harvested) can be an effective, end-of-season management evaluation tool. However, development of guidance for balance-based management requires knowledge of variability in balance inputs. To contribute to development of such guidelines, we evaluated the impact of corn silage hybrid selection, nutrient management, and growing conditions on field nitrogen (N) balances and documented variability in N and phosphorus (P) balances at the whole-farm, field, within-field levels. Variability in N removal among hybrids was evaluated using hybrid trials (5 locations, 4 years each). Variability in farm and field balances (4 farms, 2 years each) and within-field balances (2 farms, 2 years each) was assessed as well. Nitrogen supply comprised soil N (soil type-specific book values), rotation N, past manure N, and current year N (fertilizer and/or manure). Total N balances included all current year manure N while available N balances considered only plant-available N from manure. Phosphorus balances were derived as total P applied minus P harvested. Yield explained 81% of the variability in N uptake across hybrids. Nitrogen uptake intensity (NUI; N uptake per unit of yield) varied across locations and years, averaging 4.3 ± 0.1 kg N/Mg for short-season hybrids [≤95 days-to-maturity (DTM)] vs. 4.1 ± 0.1 kg N Mg−1 for longer-season hybrids. Whole-farm N balances ranged from 139 to 251 kg N ha−1 for total N and 43 to 106 kg N ha−1 for available N. Phosphorus balances ranged from 28 to 154 kg P ha−1. Balances per field ranged from −8 to 453, −66 to 250 kg N ha−1, and −30 to 315 kg P ha−1 for total N, available N, and total P, respectively, while within-field balances showed even larger ranges. We conclude that (1) variability in corn silage N and P balances at field and within-field scales and across year is large, emphasizing the need for field and within-field (where feasible) evaluation tools and management options, and (2) feasible limits for N balances should include both total and available N.

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