scholarly journals Contributions to groundwater from National Forest lands in the Mississippi Embayment: a century-long simulation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Ouyang ◽  
Theodor D. Leininger ◽  
Sudhanshu S Panda ◽  
Wayne C. Zipperer ◽  
Timothy L. Stroope
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Groundwater Abstraction ◽  
Mississippi Embayment ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Hydrologic Processes ◽  
The Us ◽  
Forest Lands

Abstract Very little effort has been devoted to analyzing the contributions of National Forests to groundwater resources in the US and around the world. In this study, the US Geological Survey's MERAS (Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer Study) model was used in the ModelMuse simulating system to estimate more than a century of subsurface hydrologic processes, groundwater budgets, and spatial-temporal groundwater level distributions in three forests in Mississippi, US. The results showed that groundwater recharge and stream leakage are important for groundwater storage in this region. All three forests served as groundwater sinks at times and sources at others, but the volume changes were relatively small. Groundwater levels declined over the simulation period – 1900 to 2014 – beneath all three forests, especially around the DNF (Delta National Forest) where groundwater abstraction is relatively intense. Knowledge gained from long-term hydrologic simulations and water budgets is useful when managing forest land groundwater resources.

scholarly journals Depletion of groundwater resources under rapid urbanisation in Africa: recent and future trends in the Nairobi Aquifer System, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 2635-2656
Author(s):  
Samson Oiro ◽  
Jean-Christophe Comte ◽  
Chris Soulsby ◽  
Alan MacDonald ◽  
Canute Mwakamba
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Groundwater Abstraction ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Future Evolution ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Groundwater Assessment

AbstractThe Nairobi volcano-sedimentary regional aquifer system (NAS) of Kenya hosts >6 M people, including 4.7 M people in the city of Nairobi. This work combines analysis of multi-decadal in-situ water-level data with numerical groundwater modelling to provide an assessment of the past and likely future evolution of Nairobi’s groundwater resources. Since the mid-1970s, groundwater abstraction has increased 10-fold at a rate similar to urban population growth, groundwater levels have declined at a median rate of 6 m/decade underneath Nairobi since 1950, whilst built-up areas have increased by 70% since 2000. Despite the absence of significant trends in climatic data since the 1970s, more recently, drought conditions have resulted in increased applications for borehole licences. Based on a new conceptual understanding of the NAS (including insights from geophysics and stable isotopes), numerical simulations provide further quantitative estimates of the accelerating negative impact of abstraction and capture the historical groundwater levels quite well. Analysis suggests a groundwater-level decline of 4 m on average over the entire aquifer area and up to 46 m below Nairobi, net groundwater storage loss of 1.5 billion m3 and 9% river baseflow reduction since 1950. Given current practices and trajectories, these figures are predicted to increase six-fold by 2120. Modelled future management scenarios suggest that future groundwater abstraction required to meet Nairobi projected water demand is unsustainable and that the regional anthropogenically-driven depletion trend can be partially mitigated through conjunctive water use. The presented approach can inform groundwater assessment for other major African cities undergoing similar rapid groundwater development.

scholarly journals Groundwater management based on monitoring of land subsidence and groundwater levels in the Kanto Groundwater Basin, Central Japan

2015 ◽  
Vol 372 ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Furuno ◽  
A. Kagawa ◽  
O. Kazaoka ◽  
T. Kusuda ◽  
H. Nirei
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Ground Subsidence ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Monitoring Wells ◽  
Chiba Prefecture ◽  
Groundwater Basin ◽  
Term Monitoring

Abstract. Over 40 million people live on and exploit the groundwater resources of the Kanto Plain. The Plain encompasses metropolitan Tokyo and much of Chiba Prefecture. Useable groundwater extends to the base of the Kanto Plain, some 2500 to 3000 m below sea level. Much of the Kanto Plain surface is at sea level. By the early 1970s, with increasing urbanization and industrial expansion, local overdraft of groundwater resources caused major ground subsidence and damage to commercial and residential structures as well as to local and regional infrastructure. Parts of the lowlands around Tokyo subsided to 4.0 m below sea level; particularly affected were the suburbs of Funabashi and Gyotoku in western Chiba. In the southern Kanto Plain, regulations, mainly by local government and later by regional agencies, led to installation of about 500 monitoring wells and almost 5000 bench marks by the 1990's. Many of them are still working with new monitoring system. Long-term monitoring is important. The monitoring systems are costly, but the resulting data provide continuous measurement of the "health" of the Kanto Groundwater Basin, and thus permit sustainable use of the groundwater resource.

scholarly journals Hydrological processes and water resources management in a dryland environment IV: Long-term groundwater level fluctuations due to variation in rainfall

1999 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Butterworth ◽  
R. E. Schulze ◽  
L. P. Simmonds ◽  
P. Moriarty ◽  
F. Mugabe
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Shallow Aquifer ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Specific Yield ◽  
Evaporative Demand ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Groundwater Level Fluctuations ◽  
Modelling Methods

Abstract. To evaluate the effects of variations in rainfall on groundwater, long-term rainfall records were used to simulate groundwater levels over the period 1953-96 at an experimental catchment in south-east Zimbabwe. Two different modelling methods were adopted. Firstly, a soil water balance model (ACRU) simulated drainage from daily rainfall and evaporative demand; groundwater levels were predicted as a function of drainage, specific yield and water table height. Secondly, the cumulative rainfall departure method was used to model groundwater levels from monthly rainfall. Both methods simulated observed groundwater levels over the period 1992-96 successfully, and long-term simulated trends in historical levels were comparable. Results suggest that large perturbations in groundwater levels area a normal feature of the response of a shallow aquifer to variations in rainfall. Long-term trends in groundwater levels are apparent and reflect the effect of cycles in rainfall. Average end of dry season water levels were simulated to be almost 3 m higher in the late 1970s compared to those of the early 1990s. The simulated effect of prolonged low rainfall on groundwater levels was particularly severe during the period 1981-92 with a series of low recharge years unprecedented in the earlier record. More recently, above average rainfall has resulted in generally higher groundwater levels. The modelling methods described may be applied in the development of guidelines for groundwater schemes to help ensure safe long-term yields and to predict future stress on groundwater resources in low rainfall periods; they are being developed to evaluate the effects of land use and management change on groundwater resources.

scholarly journals Deep Learning based assessment of groundwater level development in Germany until 2100

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Wunsch ◽  
Tanja Liesch ◽  
Stefan Broda
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Groundwater Abstraction ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
The Past ◽  
Skill Scores

<p>Clear signs of climate stress on groundwater resources have been observed in recent years even in generally water-rich regions such as Germany. Severe droughts, resulting in decreased groundwater recharge, led to declining groundwater levels in many regions and even local drinking water shortages have occurred in past summers. We investigate how climate change will directly influence the groundwater resources in Germany until the year 2100. For this purpose, we use a machine learning groundwater level forecasting framework, based on Convolutional Neural Networks, which has already proven its suitability in modelling groundwater levels. We predict groundwater levels on more than 120 wells distributed over the entire area of Germany that showed strong reactions to meteorological signals in the past. The inputs are derived from the RCP8.5 scenario of six climate models, pre-selected and pre-processed by the German Meteorological Service, thus representing large parts of the range of the expected change in the next 80 years. Our models are based on precipitation and temperature and are carefully evaluated in the past and only wells with models reaching high forecasting skill scores are included in our study. We only consider natural climate change effects based on meteorological changes, while highly uncertain human factors, such as increased groundwater abstraction or irrigation effects, remain unconsidered due to a lack of reliable input data. We can show significant (p<0.05) declining groundwater levels for a large majority of the considered wells, however, at the same time we interestingly observe the opposite behaviour for a small portion of the considered locations. Further, we show mostly strong increasing variability, thus an increasing number of extreme groundwater events. The spatial patterns of all observed changes reveal stronger decreasing groundwater levels especially in the northern and eastern part of Germany, emphasizing the already existing decreasing trends in these regions</p>

scholarly journals Komoditas Unggulan Potensial Jenis Empon-Empon Untuk Meningkatkan Produktivitas Hutan Rakyat Di Ciamis Jawa Barat

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Suhartono Suhartono
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Private Forest ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Location Quotient ◽  
Amomum Compactum ◽  
Forest Lands

Private forest farming has been a new source of family income for farmers in the Ciamis District. However, it has not been could to fully support the living needs of farmer families. Therefore, a strategy is needed to increase the productivity of private forest lands wich can meet the short-term and long-term needs of farmers. This study aims to identify the superior commodity types of empon-empon wich has the potential to increase the productivity of community forest lands. The study desk method was used in this research by utilizing statistical data on the production of biopharma plants in Ciamis Regency and West Java Province. To find out the superior commodities, a Location Quotient analysis approach was used. There were six types of empon-empon that have been cultivated in Ciamis Regency, including Zingiber officinale, Amomum compactum, Kaepferia galanga, Curcuma longa, Alpinia galanga, and Curcuma zanthorrhiza. Amomum compactum types is considered as a potential commodity to be developed on private forest land because it has a comparative advantage with LQ value>1.

Riparian plant species differ in sensitivity to both the mean and variance in groundwater stores

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 621-632
Author(s):  
Kelly A Steinberg ◽  
Kim D Eichhorst ◽  
Jennifer A Rudgers
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Plant Ecology ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Sensitivity Functions ◽  
Mean And Variance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Riparian Plant

Abstract Aims Determining the ecological consequences of interactions between slow changes in long-term climate means and amplified variability in climate is an important research frontier in plant ecology. We combined the recent approach of climate sensitivity functions with a revised hydrological ‘bucket model’ to improve predictions on how plant species will respond to changes in the mean and variance of groundwater resources. Methods We leveraged spatiotemporal variation in long-term datasets of riparian vegetation cover and groundwater levels to build the first groundwater sensitivity functions for common plant species of dryland riparian corridors. Our results demonstrate the value of this approach to identifying which plant species will thrive (or fail) in an increasingly variable climate layered with declining groundwater stores. Important Findings Riparian plant species differed in sensitivity to both the mean and variance in groundwater levels. Rio Grande cottonwood (Populus deltoides ssp. wislizenii) cover was predicted to decline with greater inter-annual groundwater variance, while coyote willow (Salix exigua) and other native wetland species were predicted to benefit from greater year-to-year variance. No non-native species were sensitive to groundwater variance, but patterns for Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) predict declines under deeper mean groundwater tables. Warm air temperatures modulated groundwater sensitivity for cottonwood, which was more sensitive to variability in groundwater in years/sites with warmer maximum temperatures than in cool sites/periods. Cottonwood cover declined most with greater intra-annual coefficients of variation (CV) in groundwater, but was not significantly correlated with inter-annual CV, perhaps due to the short time series (16 years) relative to cottonwood lifespan. In contrast, non-native tamarisk (Tamarix chinensis) cover increased with both intra- and inter-annual CV in groundwater. Altogether, our results predict that changes in groundwater variability and mean will affect riparian plant communities through the differential sensitivities of individual plant species to mean versus variance in groundwater stores.

scholarly journals Tax Incentives for Investment in Intensive Forestry

1978 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-170
Keyword(s):  
Cost Sharing ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Forest Industry ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Federal Minister ◽  
Timber Supply ◽  
Canadian Institute ◽  
Forest Lands

The National Executive Committee of the Canadian Institute of Forestry was asked by the federal Minister of Fisheries and the Environment to propose and detail specific federal tax incentives for intensified forestry. Estimates and analyses of Canada's present timber supply show that most timber surplus is remote and costly, and emphasize the need for regular and systematic renewal on productive forests in order to maintain the forest industry. Regeneration has not kept pace with depletion, and a backlog of 12% of the productive forest land in Canada now requires treatment. Moreover, serious annual shortfalls in current provincial reforestation programs, are steadily adding to this area. The responsibility for restocking these depleted forest lands rests with those who benefit from productive forests. The federal government is asked to cooperate by changing the Income Tax Act and Regulations to encourage forest operators to invest in current reforestation activities, and by negotiating long-term cost-sharing agreements with provincial governments to attack the backlog.

scholarly journals Groundwater Governance in Pakistan: From Colossal Development to Neglected Management

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asad Sarwar Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Groundwater Abstraction ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Groundwater Exploitation ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
The World

Groundwater is playing an essential role in expanding irrigated agriculture in many parts of the world. Pakistan is the third-largest user of groundwater for irrigation in the world. The surface water supplies are sufficient to irrigate 27% of the area, whereas the remaining 73% is directly or indirectly irrigated using groundwater. The Punjab province uses more than 90% of the total groundwater abstraction. Currently, 1.2 million private tubewells are working in the country, out of which 85% are in Punjab, 6.4% are in Sindh, 3.8% are in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, and 4.8% are in Baluchistan. The total groundwater extraction in Pakistan is about 60 billion m3. The access to groundwater has helped farmers in securing food for the increasing population. However, unchecked groundwater exploitation has created severe environmental problems. These include rapidly falling groundwater levels in the irrigated areas and increased soil salinization problems. The groundwater levels in more than 50% of the irrigated areas of Punjab have dropped below 6 m, resulting in increased pumping cost and degraded groundwater quality. Despite hectic efforts, about 21% of the irrigated area is affected by different levels of salinity. The country has introduced numerous laws and regulations for the sustainable use and management of groundwater resources, but the success has so far been limited. Besides less respect for the law, unavailability of needed data and information, lack of political will and institutional arrangements are the primary reasons for poor groundwater management. Pakistan needs to revisit its strategies to make them adaptable to local conditions. An integrated water resource management approach that brings together relevant government departments, political leadership, knowledge institutions, and other stakeholders could be an attractive option.

Applications and Sustainability in Groundwater Abstraction in Malaysia

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Intan Sazrina Saimy ◽  
Fauziah Raji
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
State Level ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Groundwater Abstraction ◽  
Groundwater Governance ◽  
Short And Long Term

Most major cities in Malaysia face problems of clean and safe water supply. The blame is on the population boom, industrialisation, pollution plus climate change. It becomes more complicated with uncontrolled usage, public’s ignorance and ineffective water management. These problems have led to higher dependencies towards alternative usage of groundwater to serve the needs of public, agricultural sector and the industries. Groundwater usage must be abstracted sustainably to avoid short and long term effects. This exploratory qualitative study analyses several aspects: (a) existing documents on Malaysian water management (b) documents on Malaysian groundwater governance; (c) applications and enforcements of groundwater governance in states. The analyses are essential in recognising and providing appropriate and effective groundwater governance towards higher consumption in the country especially in industrial sector. Early finding reveals the current groundwater governance lack good management and there are legal vacuums. This paper promotes appropriate groundwater governance and management of policies and strategies at both federal and state level, relevant agencies, stakeholders and local communities in ensuring sustainable groundwater resources usage in Malaysia.

scholarly journals Study of historical groundwater level changes in two Belgian chalk aquifers in the context of climate change impacts

2021 ◽  
pp. SP517-2020-212
Author(s):  
Pascal Goderniaux ◽  
Philippe Orban ◽  
Alain Rorive ◽  
Serge Brouyère ◽  
Alain Dassargues
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Groundwater Abstraction ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Future Evolution ◽  
Precipitation Decrease ◽  
Chalk Aquifer ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn Southern Belgium, 23% of abstracted groundwater volumes are from chalk aquifers which represent strategic resources for the region. Due to their specific nature, these chalk aquifers often exhibit singular behaviour and require specific analysis. The quantitative evolution of these groundwater resources is analysed for the Mons Basin and Hesbaye chalk aquifers as a function of past evolution, in the short and long terms. Groundwater level time series exhibit decreases when analysed over different periods. This is particularly visible for the Hesbaye chalk aquifer when comparing the 1960-1990 and 1990-2020 periods. Such decreases are associated to observed temperature increase and a precipitation decrease, inducing a decrease of aquifer recharge, and a probable increase of groundwater abstraction in the adjacent catchment. Past evolution is also discussed considering recent winter and summer drought events. The aquifers exhibit long delays in response to recharge events, particularly where the thickness of the partially saturated zone plays a crucial role in observed delays. Regarding future evolution, simulations of the impact of climate changes using medium-high emission scenarios indicate a probable decrease of the groundwater levels over the Hesbaye chalk aquifer.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document