Toxic metal ions in water and their prevalence in Uttarakhand, India

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 773-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinod Kumar Gupta ◽  
Rajendra Dobhal ◽  
Arunima Nayak ◽  
Shilpi Agarwal ◽  
Devi Prasad Uniyal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
World Health ◽  
Toxic Metal Ions ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Almost All

Developmental activities, geological reasons and mixing of industrial wastes are responsible for the deteriorating quality of surface and ground water in the Himalayan state of Uttarakhand. The drinking water sources of 13 districts of Uttarakhand have been assessed for the presence of four toxic metal ions (arsenic, cadmium, chromium and lead). The health aspects of the four metal ions have also been reviewed according to the prescribed limits set up by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and World Health Organization (WHO). The present study reveals the absence of arsenic at almost all stations. Cadmium has been found only at Rudrapur, whereas chromium is found to be present in more than prescribed limits, in Kolti, Mussoorie and Dehradun. Significant presence of lead in the six districts of the state is indicative of the fact that proper management strategy of toxic metal ion remediation is required. Chromium and lead have exceeded the prescribed limit in 1.3 and 4.5% samples, respectively. However, as per BIS standard, cadmium is higher than the prescribed limit in 0.6% samples but according to the WHO standard, cadmium has exceeded in about 26% samples. Out of the total 156 samples analyzed, 6.4 and 33.3% samples have been found to possess the toxic metal ions in more than the prescribed limits as per BIS and WHO guidelines, respectively.

The synthesis, characterization, removal of toxic metal ions and in vitro biological applications of a sulfanilamide–salicylic acid–formaldehyde terpolymer

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (60) ◽  
pp. 54904-54917 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Vasanthakumar ◽  
A. Saranya ◽  
A. Raja ◽  
S. Prakash ◽  
V. Anbarasu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Toxic Metal Ions

SASF terpolymer possess great applications for removal of heavy metal ions from environmental and industrial wastes.

scholarly journals Development of Graphene Quantum Dots-Based Optical Sensor for Toxic Metal Ion Detection

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (18) ◽  
pp. 3850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Ain Asyiqin Anas ◽  
Yap Wing Fen ◽  
Nur Alia Sheh Omar ◽  
Wan Mohd Ebtisyam Mustaqim Mohd Daniyal ◽  
Nur Syahira Md Ramdzan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Graphene Quantum Dots ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Toxic Metal Ions ◽  
Sensing Applications

About 71% of the Earth’s surface is covered with water. Human beings, animals, and plants need water in order to survive. Therefore, it is one of the most important substances that exist on Earth. However, most of the water resources nowadays are insufficiently clean, since they are contaminated with toxic metal ions due to the improper disposal of pollutants into water through industrial and agricultural activities. These toxic metal ions need to be detected as fast as possible so that the situation will not become more critical and cause more harm in the future. Since then, numerous sensing methods have been proposed, including chemical and optical sensors that aim to detect these toxic metal ions. All of the researchers compete with each other to build sensors with the lowest limit of detection and high sensitivity and selectivity. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have emerged as a highly potential sensing material to incorporate with the developed sensors due to the advantages of GQDs. Several recent studies showed that GQDs, functionalized GQDs, and their composites were able to enhance the optical detection of metal ions. The aim of this paper is to review the existing, latest, and updated studies on optical sensing applications of GQDs-based materials toward toxic metal ions and future developments of an excellent GQDs-based SPR sensor as an alternative toxic metal ion sensor.

Nano platelets kaolinite for the adsorption of toxic metal ions in the environment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Toxic Metal Ions ◽  
Endothermic Process ◽  
Langmuir Isotherm Model

Contamination of water reservoirs with different toxic metal ions from industrial activities has emerged as one of major issues in recent years. The adsorption of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution onto Nano platelets kaolinite has been investigated. The adsorption studies were determined as a function of pH, contact time, initial metal ion concentration, adsorbent dosage and temperature. Nano platelets kaolinite prepared from raw Jordanian kaolin clay showed size in the range of 12-80 nm. Maximum adsorption capacity as determined by Langmuir isotherm model is 175.44 mg/g for Pb(II). Thermodynamic parameters, ΔGo, ΔHo and ΔSo were revealed that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic process. The results showed that Nano platelets kaolinite can be efficiently used as a low-cost alternative and eco-friendly adsorbent for the removal of toxic heavy metals from wastewater.

scholarly journals Speciation of Metal Complexes of Medicinal Interest: Relationship between Solution Equilibria and Pharmaceutical Properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 580-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Kiss ◽  
Éva A. Enyedy ◽  
Tamás Jakusch ◽  
Orsolya Dömötör
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Metal Complexes ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Mri Contrast Agents ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Toxic Metal Ions

Biospeciation of essential and toxic metal ions, metal complexes with biological or medicinal activity are discussed in the paper in order to emphasize the importance of the distribution of metal ions in biological milieu. The exact knowledge of the chemical species present in the different organs/compartments/fluids/cells may provide essential information about the pharmacokinetic properties and the biological effect of the metal ion or the drug candidate metal complex. The transport of essential and toxic metal ions in the blood serum is discussed first, which is followed by the description of biodistribution of several important metal complexes with medicinal interest such as (i) anticancer, (ii) insulin-enhancing and (iii) MRI contrast agents in biological fluids.

scholarly journals Water Soluble Cationic Porphyrin Sensor for Detection of Hg2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, and Cu2+

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matibur Zamadar ◽  
Christopher Orr ◽  
Miranda Uherek
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Chemical Sensor ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Cationic Porphyrin ◽  
Sensing Properties ◽  
Toxic Metal Ions ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy

Here we report the sensing properties of the aqueous solution ofmeso-tetra(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphine tetrachloride (1) for simultaneous detection of toxic metal ions by using UV-vis spectroscopy. Cationic porphyrin1displayed different electronic absorptions in UV-vis region upon interacting with Hg2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, and Cu2+ions in neutral water solution at room temperature. Quite interestingly, the porphyrin1showed that it can function as a single optical chemical sensor and/or metal ion receptor capable of detecting two or more toxic metal ions, particularly Hg2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+ions coexisting in a water sample. Porphyrin1in an aqueous solution provides a unique UV-vis sensing system for the determination of Cd2+in the presence of larger metal ions such as Hg2+, or Pb2+. Finally, the examination of the sensing properties of1demonstrated that it can operate as a Cu2+ion selective sensor via metal displacement from the1-Hg2+,1-Pb2+, and1-Cd2+.

Alexithyme Patientenmerkmale und Lebensqualität – Eine Querschnittsstudie an 79 ambulanten Patienten mit Angststörungen

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Leenen ◽  
Michael Rufer ◽  
Hanspeter Moergeli ◽  
Hans-Jörgen Grabe ◽  
Josef Jenewein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
World Health ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
World Health Organization Quality ◽  
Fand Sich ◽  
Quality Of Life Questionnaire ◽  
Organization Quality ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Tas 20

Aus Untersuchungen in der Normalbevölkerung ist bekannt, dass Menschen mit erhöhten Alexithymiewerten eine verminderte Lebensqualität (LQ) aufweisen. Für Patienten mit psychischen Störungen wurde dieser Zusammenhang jedoch kaum untersucht. Ziel dieser Studie war es, den möglichen Zusammenhang zwischen alexithymen Patientenmerkmalen und der LQ bei Patienten mit Angststörungen zu überprüfen. Bei 79 ambulanten Patienten mit Angststörungen wurden alexithyme Charakteristika mit der Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), die LQ mit der Kurzversion des World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire 100 (WHOQOL-BREF) erfasst. Darüber hinaus fand eine Erhebung der psychischen Symptombelastung (SCL-90-R) und depressiven Symptomatik (MADRS) statt. Mittels hierarchischer Regressionsanalysen wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen der alexithymen Charakteristika und den unterschiedlichen LQ-Domänen berechnet. Die Patienten zeigten eine im Vergleich zur Normalbevölkerung deutlich verminderte LQ. Als Hauptergebnis fand sich, auch nach Kontrolle von Depression, Ängstlichkeit und Geschlecht, ein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen den beiden TAS-20 Subskalen Schwierigkeiten, Gefühle zu identifizieren und zu beschreiben und vor allem der psychischen LQ. Unsere Ergebnisse sprechen dafür, bei der Diagnostik und Therapieplanung von Patienten mit Angststörungen alexithyme Merkmale einzubeziehen. Im Falle von ausgeprägten alexithymen Merkmalen sollten psychotherapeutische Interventionen zur Verbesserung der Schwierigkeiten Gefühle wahrzunehmen und zu kommunizieren in Betracht gezogen werden.

Flouride and Nitrate Status of Some Ground Waters in Chittor District of Rajasthan State (India)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Trapti Sharma ◽  
R. P. Nagar ◽  
R. C. Gaur ◽  
Pooja Gupta ◽  
Charanjit Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
World Health ◽  
Indian Council ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Ground Waters ◽  
Drinking Waters ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Research World ◽  
Drinking Purpose

In Rajasthan state the ground waters of some areas like Ramganj-mandi, Morak, Barmer, Jaisalmer, Chittor and Udaipur etc. are susceptible from drinking point of view.To test the quality of groundwater in Chittor district 14, ground water samples were collected from various places and analyzed for pH, E.C., Fluoride and Nitrate parameters by standard methods (A.P.H. A., Washington, USA, 1995). The study revealed that none of the ground waters was found suitable completely from drinking point of view. Some are having electrical conductivity > 1.4 dS/m, some are having pH >8.5, some area having fluoride >1.5 ppm and some are having nitrate>45 ppm. These are the limits of various parameters permitted by various International authorities like Bureau of Indian Standard, Indian Council of Medical Research,world health Organization etc. for drinking waters. So, it is recommended to the residents of above areas to use water for drinking purpose only after reverse osmosis or adopting suitable method of removing excess of Fluoride and Nitrate for drinking water to avoid unwanted pathogenic diseases harmful for human health.

STEVIA PLANT - ALTERNATIVE SWEETNER IN FOOD TECHNOLOGY

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 1213-1217
Author(s):  
Jovana Džoljić ◽  
Ljiljana Đorđević
Keyword(s):  
Food Additives ◽  
Functional Class ◽  
World Health ◽  
Food Technology ◽  
Food Standards ◽  
Safety Studies ◽  
Negative Side Effects ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Agricultural Organization

Food and Agricultural Organization as a “sweeteners” consider products used for sweetening derived from sugar crops, cereals, fruits or milk, or that are produced by insects. Sweeteners, as an additive, have important role for technological functions of food, especially in providing texture, bulk and color, and also as preservative agents. Regardless the numerous sweeteners, alternative sweeteners to sucrose are in main focus for implementation in food industry. Nowadays Food and Agricultural Organization and World Health Organization Food standards, Codex Alimentarius Commission (2018) accepted list of 27 food additives that have the functional class “sweetener”. Nowadays, alternative sweeteners and their application in food technology are in main focus of scientist. Stevia plant stands for one of the most important natural intense sweetener, since stevia glycosides are almost 400 times sweeter than sucrose. Extracts of stevia represents a powerful tool for reducing sugars in food and beverages, which can be acceptable substitutes to full sugar versions of this products. Regarding the data of Euromonitor international, new food products containing stevia grew 10% from 2016 to 2017. The biggest increment in stevia use was noticed in categories of snacks, juice drinks, dairy, carbonated soft drinks and confectionery. Barriocanal et al. (2008) highlighted that safety studies reported no negative side effects of stevia use. Can be expected that in recent future use of S. rebaudiana as sweetener would be extended to almost all the world’s countries, regarding all discovered beneficial health effects.

scholarly journals Quality of life in patients with narcolepsy: a WHOQOL-bref study

2008 ◽  
Vol 66 (2a) ◽  
pp. 163-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heloísa Rovere ◽  
Sueli Rossini ◽  
Rubens Reimão
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
World Health Organization Quality ◽  
Severe Impairment ◽  
Perception Of Quality ◽  
Social Domains ◽  
Health Organization

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the perception of Quality of Life (QL) in Brazilian patients with narcolepsy. METHOD: 40 adult patients aged between 20 and 72 years (mean=41.55; SD=14.50); (28 F; 12M), with the diagnosis of chronic narcolepsy were followed up at the outpatient clinic (Patient Group). The Control Group was composed of 40 adults. The instrument utilized was the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF). RESULTS: The two groups were homogeneous and no difference was found with regards to age, sex, and demographic characteristics. The perception of QL in physical, psychological and social domains showed lower scores in those patients with narcolepsy than in the control group (p<0.05). Concerning physical domain, all the aspects evaluated were significantly impaired, in patient group, including sleep satisfaction (p<0.001); energy for daily activities (p=0.039); capacity to perform activities (p=0.001); and capacity to work (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: The perception of QL showed severe impairment in patients with narcolepsy for physical, psychological and social domains.

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