Infrared Thermal Regeneration of Spent Activated Carbon from Water Reclamation

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 1029-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. van Vliet ◽  
L. Venter
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Volume Distribution ◽  
Thermal Regeneration ◽  
Operating Region ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

An infrared conveyor-belt furnace was evaluated and utilized to conduct a parametric study on the effects of temperature and residence time on spent granular carbon intraparticle structure and concomitant regeneration efficiencies, incorporating an appraisal of the efficacy of low-temperature long-residence-time regeneration conditions. In addition, a virgin carbon of the same type and particle size fraction as was used in the above regeneration study, was subjected to equivalent temperature and residence time conditions to serve as a control experiment designed to shed light on the effects of regeneration conditions on the activated carbon per se. The infrared furnace proved to be an effective system for the regeneration of spent carbon; and an optimum operating region of 800 °C/10 min to 850 °C/5 min was identified. Temperatures in excess of 850 °C, regardless of residence time, must be avoided since excessive structural and pore volume distribution degradation is effected.

scholarly journals Pretreatment of Switchgrass for Production of Glucose via Sulfonic Acid-Impregnated Activated Carbon

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 504
Author(s):  
Yane Ansanay ◽  
Praveen Kolar ◽  
Ratna Sharma-Shivappa ◽  
Jay Cheng ◽  
Consuelo Arellano
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Methanesulfonic Acid ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Carbon Catalysts ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

In the present research, activated carbon-supported sulfonic acid catalysts were synthesized and tested as pretreatment agents for the conversion of switchgrass into glucose. The catalysts were synthesized by reacting sulfuric acid, methanesulfonic acid, and p-toluenesulfonic acid with activated carbon. The characterization of catalysts suggested an increase in surface acidities, while surface area and pore volumes decreased because of sulfonation. Batch experiments were performed in 125 mL serum bottles to investigate the effects of temperature (30, 60, and 90 °C), reaction time (90 and 120 min) on the yields of glucose. Enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated switchgrass using Ctec2 yielded up to 57.13% glucose. Durability tests indicated that sulfonic solid-impregnated carbon catalysts were able to maintain activity even after three cycles. From the results obtained, the solid acid catalysts appear to serve as effective pretreatment agents and can potentially reduce the use of conventional liquid acids and bases in biomass-into-biofuel production.

Study on Thermal Regeneration for Caffeine-Saturated Activated Carbon

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 1941-1944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao You Zhu ◽  
Li Li Wang ◽  
Wan Ling Wang ◽  
Ying Long Wang
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Carbon Layer ◽  
Carbon Surface ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Gas Velocity ◽  
Thermal Regeneration ◽  
Regeneration Time ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Carbon Regeneration ◽  
Carrier Gas Velocity

Waste activated carbon (AC) containing caffeine was produced during the process of the production for caffeine. The process of treatment caffeine-saturated AC using thermal regeneration was explored and factors on the regeneration of activated carbon were investigated. The optimum conditions obtained were: temperature is 650 °C, the regeneration time is 180 min, the carrier gas velocity is 0.002 m/s, carbon layer thickness is 0.1 m. Under these conditions, activated carbon regeneration efficiency reached 90.3%. In addition, the pore structure of activated carbon before and after regeneration was characterized and the activated carbon surface area and pore size distribution under optimum conditions were determined by the adsorption isotherms.

Comparison of chemical and thermal regeneration of aromatic compounds on exhausted activated carbon

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Chiang ◽  
E. E. Chang ◽  
J. S. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Thermal Regeneration ◽  
Desorption Efficiency ◽  
Chemical Regeneration

In this investigation, nine typical compounds, i.e., phenol, 2-aminophenol, aniline, 2-chlorophenol, chlorobenzene, β-naphthol, naphthalene, α-naphthylamine and α-chloronaphthalene were introduced to evaluate the effects of the molecular structure and physicochemical properties of these selected adsorbates on the adsorption capacity and desorption efficiency of the activated carbon. Both the thermal and chemical regeneration methods were employed to compare the regeneration efficiencies among these adsorbates and adsorbent.

Thermal regeneration of a spent activated carbon previously used as hydrogen sulfide adsorbent

Carbon ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1319-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Bagreev ◽  
Habibur Rahman ◽  
Teresa J Bandosz
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Thermal Regeneration

Optimization study on acid hydrolysis of hardwood-derived hemicellulosic extract for alcohol fermentation using response surface methodology

Holzforschung ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong Jik Park ◽  
Byung Hwan Um
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Fermentable Sugar ◽  
Alcohol Fermentation ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Green Liquor ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Hemicellulosic Sugars

AbstractIn this study, the extraction conditions of hemicelluloses from mixed hardwoods have been tested. In particular, 3% total titrated alkaline (TTA) green liquor (GL) was used to dissolve certain hemicelluloses and lignin in a manner similar to black liquor extraction, but the pH was maintained at near-neutral conditions, so that oligosaccharides were not completely degraded into isosaccharinic acids. The effects of temperature, time, and acid concentration on the fermentable sugar yields for the extract during secondary hydrolysis were investigated. Chips of mixed northern hardwoods were cooked in a rocking digester at 160°C for 110 min in the GL at a concentration of 3% Na2O-equivalent salts on dry wood. The mass of wood extracted into the GL extract was approximately 11.4% of the debarked wood mass, which resulted in a dilute solution of oligomeric hemicellulosic sugars. Dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysis was performed under the following conditions: 100°C–130°C, 2%–4% H2SO4, and 20–120 min residence time. The maximum fermentable sugar concentration of xylose, mannose, and galactose (XyMaGa) obtained from the hydrolyzed extract was 5.5 g l-1, representing 91.7% of the maximum possible yield. A factorial design was used to study the effects of temperature and acid concentration on the maximum quantity of XyMaGa oligomers obtained in the extract during secondary hydrolysis. The maximum potential yield of XyMaGa reached 5.34 g l-1at 130°C, 3.27% H2SO4, and 50.2 min residence time.

scholarly journals Process Optimization for Ethyl Ester Production in Fixed Bed Reactor Using Calcium Oxide Impregnated Palm Shell Activated Carbon (CaO/PSAC)

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Buasri ◽  
B Ksapabutr ◽  
M Panapoy ◽  
N Chaiyut
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Palm Shell ◽  
Bed Height

: The continuous production of ethyl ester was studied by using a steady-state fixed bed reactor (FBR). Transesterification of palm stearin (PS) and waste cooking palm oil (WCPO) with ethanol in the presence of calcium oxide impregnated palm shell activated carbon (CaO/PSAC) solid catalyst was investigated. This work was determined the optimum conditions for the production of ethyl ester from PS and WCPO in order to obtain fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) with the highest yield. The effects of reaction variables such as residence time, ethanol/oil molar ratio, reaction temperature, catalyst bed height and reusability of catalyst in a reactor system on the yield of biodiesel were considered. The optimum conditions were the residence time 2-3 h, ethanol/oil molar ratio 16-20, reaction temperature at 800C, and catalyst bed height 300 mm which yielded 89.46% and 83.32% of the PS and WCPO conversion, respectively. CaO/PSAC could be used repeatedly for 4 times without any activation treatment and no obvious activity loss was observed. It has potential for industrial application in the transesterification of triglyceride (TG). The fuel properties of biodiesel were determined. Keywords: biodiesel, calcium oxide, ethyl ester, fixed bed reactor, palm shell activated carbon

scholarly journals Production of activated carbon from corn cobs and mango kernels via H3PO4 activation and mediated hydrothermal treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 268 ◽  
pp. 06020
Author(s):  
Joaquin Victorino Mari Armonio ◽  
Ivan Joshua Caragdag ◽  
Jaylym Aldryne Escorpizo ◽  
Karizza Mae Miranda ◽  
April Joyce Raymundo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Adsorptive Capacity ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Corn Cobs ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
H3po4 Activation

In this study, the activated carbon produced from mango kernels and corn cobs by impregnating the hydrothermally treated raw materials with 85% H3PO4 were characterize for their physical surface morphology and types of surface functional groups using SEM and FT-ir, respectively. Six samples of activated carbon were submerged for 1 hour, the second sample for 2 hours, and the third sample for 3 hours. SEM results showed that both KAC (Kernel Activated Carbon) and CAC (Corn Activated Carbon) had increasing roughness and irregularity along with residence time of the samples. Results from FT-ir (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) testing of the mango kernels samples showed that a C-O stretch, C-H, C=O stretch, and C-N stretch on the surface. While corncobs consist of C-H bend, and O-H bend for the 1-HR sample. The 2-HR and 3-HR samples consist of C-O stretch, C-H wag, C-N stretch. Analysis of the relationship between residence time and adsorptive capacity was done using AAS via batch adsorption in a tri-metal solution of Cu(Copper), Ni(Nickel), and Pb(Lead) with results that showed CAC and KAC, with soaking time of 3 hours is a good adsorbent of Copper and Nickel, while soaking time of 2 hours yields the best adsorption conditions for both CAC and KAC.

scholarly journals Regeneration Performance of Activated Carbon for Desulfurization

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 6107
Author(s):  
Zhiguo Sun ◽  
Menglu Wang ◽  
Jiaming Fan ◽  
Yue Zhou ◽  
Li Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Adsorption Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Regeneration ◽  
So2 Removal ◽  
Sulfur Capacity ◽  
Desulfurization Efficiency ◽  
High Level

This study explored the regenerated performance of activated carbon (AC) as SO2 adsorbent. The optimal conditions of SO2 removal were determined by experiment, and then the adsorption efficiency of AC was studied by a method of thermal regeneration. The characteristics of regenerated AC were analyzed by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) methods. The test results showed that the most suitable adsorption conditions were using 4 g of activated carbon, 1.65 L/min gas flue rate, and 5% O2. During the ten regenerations, the desulfurization efficiency and sulfur capacity of AC still maintained a high level. The characterization results showed that the increase of material surface area and pore volume were 101 m2 g−1, and 0.13 cm3 g−1, respectively, after the cycles.

Continuous Electrochemical Oxidation of Phenol Using a Three-Dimensional Electrode Reactor

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 2169-2172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Gang Liu ◽  
Wei Shi ◽  
Yan Sheng Li ◽  
Shao Min Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Electrochemical Cell ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Phenol Removal ◽  
Electrode Arrays ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Oxidation Of Phenol ◽  
Phenol Wastewater

The removal of phenol wastewater was experimentally investigated using a three-dimensional electrode reactor with granular activated carbon and titanium filter electrode arrays. The effects of the electric current, the residence time and the initial concentration on the phenol removal were evaluated. For the initial concentration of 490 mg/L, the phenol removal was obtained as 90% under the conditions of electric current 2 A, residence time 40 min. The effluent path of the electrochemical cell was optimized, using the anode effluent instead of the top effluent, where the phenol and COD removal was both increased to 95% and the corresponding energy consumption was decreased from 9.66 to 7.63 kWh/kg COD.

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