Evaluation of the Efficiency of Santos/São Vicente Preconditioning Station for an Oceanic Submarine Outfall

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
E. Garcia Agudo ◽  
R. Amaral ◽  
G. Berzin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Resultant Effect ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Solids Removal

The efficiency of solids removal and the resultant effect on submarine outfall performance of the sewage preconditioning station of Santos and Sao Vicente cities are evaluated. Emphasis is given to the removal of floatable materials that could emerge on the water surface. It was found that most floatables are disaggregated in the pumping process, thus changing their floating properties. The efficiency of the removal of floating materials by the milliscreens of size of openings 1.5 mm is about 70%; of the remaining floatables that are pumped to the submarine outfall, only about 50% appear on the water surface. The removal efficiencies for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and suspended and settleable solids are much lower than those seen with milliscreens with smaller openings.

scholarly journals ‘Solar septic tank’: evaluation of innovative decentralized treatment of blackwater in developing countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 828-840
Author(s):  
Thammarat Koottatep ◽  
Stephanie Connelly ◽  
Tatchai Pussayanavin ◽  
Sopida Khamyai ◽  
Wattanapong Sangchun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Decentralized Wastewater Treatment System ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance

Abstract An innovative decentralized wastewater treatment system, namely the ‘Solar Septic Tank (SST)’, was constructed and tested at the household scale in a community in central Thailand. This study aimed to investigate the long-term performance of the SST in treating blackwater subject to year-round variation. Results of the 3-year continuous operation and monitoring showed significant improvement in the SST effluent quality with the potential to minimize environmental problems and public health risks. The SST achieved significantly higher total chemical oxygen demand, soluble chemical oxygen demand, total biochemical oxygen demand (TBOD), soluble biochemical oxygen demand, total kjeldahl nitrogen, total solid and total volatile solid removal efficiencies than a conventional septic tank (CST). The average TBOD concentration of the SST effluent was 150 ± 75 mg/L, meeting the Thai discharge standard (less than 200 mg/L of TBOD), while the average TBOD concentration of the CST was 240 ± 140 mg/L, higher than the Thai discharge standard. The Escherichia coli inactivation in the SST was 1–2 log reduction more than that in the CST. The removal efficiencies of TBOD and pathogens exhibited positive correlation with the ratios of the SST temperature.

Comparison of Luffa Cylindrical Sponge and Plastic Sponge as Carriers in Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor for Sewage Treatment

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 2431-2438
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang Wang ◽  
Shang Hua Zhang ◽  
Chang Qing Pang ◽  
Jie Li
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Luffa cylindrical sponge and plastic sponge were used as carriers in sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) for sewage treatment in this paper. The removals of suspended solid (SS), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and NH3-N in sewage were studied. The average removal efficiencies of SS, COD and NH3-N with luffa cylindrical sponge were 96%, 89% and 90%, respectively, while these with plastic sponge were 94%, 83% and 80%, respectively. As a natural, cheap and environment friendly biocarrier, luffa cylindrical sponge was easy to get a biofilm with enriched microbes during the first few days of sewage treatment. It was much more suitable as a carrier than the plastic sponge for SBBR.

scholarly journals KINERJA BIOSAND FILTER BERBAHAN DASAR BATUAN ANDESIT DALAM MENURUNKAN KONSENTRASI BOD DAN COD PADA AIR TANAH DANGKAL

Jurnal Dampak ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Tivany Edwin ◽  
Yommi Dewilda
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biosand Filter

Air tanah dangkal merupakan opsi sumber air bersih yang umum digunakan masyarakat. Tingginya kadar Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) dan Chemical Oxygen demand (COD) terkadang ditemukan pada air tanah dangkal yang menandakan tercemarnya air tersebut. Oleh karena itu diperlukan teknologi tepat guna pengolahan air yang relatif murah dan efisien untuk skala rumah tangga masyarakat seperti biosand filter. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja biosand filter dalam menurunkan parameter BOD dan COD pada sampel air tanah dangkal dari sumur penduduk. Biosand filter didesain dengan dimensi reaktor 30x30x90 cm dengan perbandingan ketinggian media pasir halus:pasir kasar:kerikil sebesar 50:5:5 cm. Media yang digunakan merupakan batuan andesit yang mudah ditemukan di daerah Sumatra Barat. Debit air yang dialirkan pada biosand filter adalah 0,6 L/menit. Waktu penumbuhan biofilm selama 21 hari dan pengoperasian reaktor selama 14 hari. Setelah dilakukan analisis, reaktor biosand filter mampu menyisihkan parameter BOD dan COD. Efisiensi penyisihan konsentrasi BOD oleh reaktor biosand filter sebesar 75%-87%, dan efisiensi penyisihan konsentrasi COD oleh reaktor biosand sebesar 65%-70%. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa reaktor biosand filter cukup efektif dalam menyisihkan parameter BOD dan COD.Kata-kata Kunci : Air Tanah Dangkal, Andesit Biosand Filter, BOD, dan COD,

scholarly journals Pengukuran Parameter Bahan Organik Di Perairan Sungai Silugonggo, Kecamatan Juwana, Kabupaten Pati

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-306
Author(s):  
Erick Samuel Frederico Hasibuan ◽  
Endang Supriyantini ◽  
Sunaryo Sunaryo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Parameter Analysis ◽  
Fishing Industry ◽  
Total Organic Matter ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Wastewater Quality

Perairan Silugonggo merupakan area pemukiman warga dengan banyak aktivitas perikanan dan kelautan seperti: pertambakan, industri perikanan dan merupakan alur pelayaran. Tingginya aktivitas pemukiman dan industri akan menghasilkan limbah organik dalam jumlah besar. Bahan organik yang melimpah dapat menimbulkan pencemaran lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan bahan organik di perairan sungai Silugonggo, Kecamatan Juwana, Kabupaten Pati. Kandungan bahan organik diketahui melalui analisis parameter TOM (Total Organic Matter), BOD5 (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) dan COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand). Pengambilan sampel dilaksanakan pada tanggal 20 Desember 2019 dan 20 Januari 2020. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode kasus dengan pengamatan secara langsung di lapangan dan penentuan lokasi penelitian menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Hasil pengukuran parameter penelitian dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai TOM sebesar 8,11 – 11,9 mg/L. Hasil pengukuran parameter (a) BOD5 sebesar 8,07 – 24,66 mg/L dan (b) COD sebesar 26,04 – 79,21 mg/L, hasil tersebut berada di bawah baku mutu yang ditetapkan menurut Keputusan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup No. 51 Tahun 2004 tentang Baku Mutu Air Limbah. Tingginya nilai TOM dikarenakan banyaknya masukan limbah bahan organik dari aktivitas di perairan sungai Silugonggo, seperti: pertambakan, industri perikanan, dan alur pelayaran. Silugonggo waters is a residential area with many fishery and marine activities such as: aquaculture, fishing industry and shipping lanes. High residential and industrial activities will produce large amounts of organic waste. Abundant organic matter can cause environmental pollution. This study aims to determine the content of organic matter in the waters of the Silugonggo River, Juwana District, Pati Regency. The content of organic matter is known through parameter analysis of TOM (Total Organic Matter), BOD5 (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) and COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand). Sampling was carried out on December 20, 2019 and January 20, 2020. The method used in this study used the method of direct observation in the field and the date of the research location using the purposive sampling method. The results of the measurement of research parameters were analyzed using analysis of variance. The results showed that the TOM value was 8.11–11.9 mg/L. Parameter measurement results (a) BOD5 of 8.07–24.66 mg/L and (b) COD of 26.04–79.21 mg/L, these results are below the quality standard stipulated according to the Decree of the Minister of the Environment No. 51 of 2004 concerning Wastewater Quality Standards. The high value of TOM is due to the large number of inputs of organic matter from activities in the waters of the Silugonggo river, such as: aquaculture, fishing industry, and shipping lanes.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Biodegradation of Palm Oil Mill Effluents by local Isolated Fungi

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
F T Z Jabeen ◽  
J V Shreevathsa
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Physicochemical Quality ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Better Than

This study was designed to investigate the fungi associated with palm oil mill effluent (POME) in Gulur village of Tumkur. Biodegradation of palm oil mill effluents was conducted to measure the discarded POME based on physicochemical quality. The fungi that were isolated are Aspergillusniger, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. ochraceus, Rhizopussp, Peniciliumsp and Trichodermavirde. The autoclaved and unautoclaved raw POME samples were incubated for 7 days and the activities of the fungi were observed each for 12 hours. The supernatants of the digested POME were investigated for the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), color (ADMI), and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) at the end of each digestion cycle. The results showed that the unautoclaved raw POME sample degraded better than the inoculated POME sample and this suggests that the microorganisms that are indigenous in the POME are more effective than the introduced micro-organisms. This result, however, indicates the prospect of isolating indigenous microorganisms in the POME for effective biodegradation of POME. Moreover, the effective treatment of POME yields useful products such as reduction of BOD, COD, and color.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Water Quality Characteristics of Kaduna River Receiving Wastewater Discharges

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
H. Garba ◽  
C. A. Elanu
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Concentration Levels

An assessment of the chemical characteristics of industrial and domestic wastewater discharges on seven parameters into Kaduna River on a bimonthly basis was carried out. PH, dissolved oxygen (DO), chloride, nitrite, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and iron were analyzed to determine their concentration levels. From the analysis, the highest mean concentration of the parameters were 8.24 of pH, 7.7 mg/l of DO, 233.4 mg/l of chloride, 55.68 mg/l of COD, 27.95 mg/l of nitrite, 122.22 mg/l of BOD, and 17.05 mg/l of iron. After comparing with prescribed standards, it can be concluded that there is evidence of organic and inorganic accumulation of contaminants into River Kaduna.

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI LIMBAH PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT (POME) MENGGUNAKAN BIOSENSOR BERBASIS ALGA

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Dina Maryani ◽  
Lazuardi Umar
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Chlorella Sp ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) merupakan limbah minyak kelapa sawit yang memiliki kadar Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) dan Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) yang tinggi dan sehingga merusak ekosistem periairan serta menurunkan kadar oksigen terlarut (DO). Namun, POME memiliki nutrisi untuk sel alga dalam memproduksi oksigen. Berdasarkan hal tersebut diperlukan identifikasi POME yang jatuh kebadan air berdasarkan fotosintesis Chlorella sp. menggunakan biosensor. Biosensor telah banyak dikembangkan dalam aplikasi bidang lingkungan dengan melihat kadar oksigen terlarut sebagai kualitas perairan. Penelitian ini menggunakan biosensor dengan prinsip sensor amperometris  tipe Biochip-G. Sensor amperometris mengukur perubahan arus dari reaksi reduksi dan oksidasi dan menghasilkan potensial keluaran yang terukur. Potensial keluaran yang terukur merupakan kadar oksigen terlarut dari penambahan POME terhadap Chlorella sp. ketika proses fotosintesis terjadi. Identifikasi POME berdasarkan proses fotosintesis Chlorella sp. menggunakan cahaya artifisial LED Putih 380 nm-780 nm dengan tingkat variasi konsentrasi POME sebanyak 10%, 20%, dan 30%. Berdasarkan pengukuran kadar oksigen terlarut (DO) menghasilkan nilai DO sebesar 174.15%, 154.66%, dan 138.98% serta nilai sensitivitas sebesar 4mV/%POME.  

Treatment of slaughterhouse plant wastewater by using a membrane bioreactor

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levent Gürel ◽  
Hanife Büyükgüngör
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Slaughterhouse Wastewater ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

The use of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) for removal of organic substances and nutrients from slaughterhouse plant wastewater was investigated. The chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations of slaughterhouse wastewater were found to be approximately 571 mg O2/L, 102.5 mg/L, and 16.25 mg PO4-P/L, respectively. A submerged type membrane was used in the bioreactor. The removal efficiencies for COD, total organic carbon (TOC), TP and TN were found to be 97, 96, 65, 44% respectively. The COD value of wastewater was decreased to 16 mg/L (COD discharge standard for slaughterhouse plant wastewaters is 160 mg/L). TOC was decreased to 9 mg/L (TOC discharge standard for slaughterhouse plant wastewaters is 20 mg/L). Ammonium, and nitrate nitrogen concentrations of treated effluent were 0.100 mg NH4-N/L, and 80.521 mg NO3-N/L, respectively. Slaughterhouse wastewater was successfully treated with the MBR process.

The influence of reaction conditions in the oxidation of organic compounds of nuclear laundry water by ozone

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 2557-2561 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Vilve ◽  
M. E. T. Sillanpää
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ozone Treatment ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Oxidation Of Organic Compounds

This paper presents a summary of degrading organic compounds of nuclear laundry water by ozonation in different conditions of pH, hydrogen peroxide and ultraviolet radiation. The degradation of organic compounds was analysed by chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). The optimal degradation conditions were at pH 7 with ozone, UV radiation and hydrogen peroxide addition. The transfer of ozone increased significantly, thus resulting in decreased treatment time compared to ozone treatment alone. The reductions of COD, TOC and BOD were 46%, 32% and 70%, respectively.

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