Treatability of strong wastewaters from polyester manufacturing industry

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Meriç ◽  
I. Kabdaşli ◽  
O. Tünay ◽  
D. Orhon
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cost Of Treatment ◽  
Esterification Reactions ◽  
Biological Treatability ◽  
Methods Of Treatment ◽  
Raw Wastewater

In this paper, the treatability of strong wastes originating from an organic chemicals industry was studied. Literature data were evaluated to assess the applicability of conventional and advanced methods of treatment to highly concentrated wastewaters. A detailed treatability study was conducted on the wastewater, which was provided from a small-scale polyester manufacturing plant. The manufacturing process involved only esterification reactions, generating a wastewater with a COD content of over 200,000 mgl−1. The applicable treatment methods to be tested were determined as biological treatment of activated sludge process with low organic loading and chemical oxidation with H2O2. Results of the biological treatability study indicated that 80% COD removal could be obtained with 10 days retention time, provided that the system was fed with a 1/100 diluted raw wastewater. Chemical oxidation of raw wastewater with H2O2 in acid conditions and using ferric chloride as catalyst yielded 70% COD removal. However, the dosage required to obtain this efficiency was about 1 kg H2O2 per m3 of wastewater. With these applications the wastewater was treated to yield a COD of lower than 2000 mg/l. Results of the study were discussed and evaluated considering complexity and cost of treatment.

TREATABILITY OF 2,4-D PRODUCTION WASTEWATERS

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Tünay ◽  
S. Erden ◽  
D. Orhon ◽  
I. Kabdasli
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Partial Oxidation ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Activated Sludge System ◽  
Biological Treatability

This study evaluates the characterization and treatability of 2,4-D production wastewaters. Wastewaters contain 20000-40000 mg/l COD, 17000-30000 mg/l chloride and pH is around 1.0. Chemical oxidation with hydrogen peroxide provided almost complete COD removal. The optimum conditions are 3:1 H2O2/COD oxidant dosage, 3000 mg/l Fe3+ as catalyst and pH 3. Partial oxidation at 0.5:1 H2O2//COD ratio is also effective providing 67% COD removal. A batch activated sludge system is used for biological treatability. Dilution is needed to maintain a tolerable chloride concentration which increases through COD removal. pH also increased during COD removal. 85% COD removal is obtained for the 50% dilution at an organic loading of 0.3 day‒1 on a COD basis. Completely and partially oxidized wastewaters are also treated in the activated sludge down to 30 mg/l BOD5.

Development of a Pretreatment Program to Improve Biological Treatability of High Strength and Toxic Industrial Wastewater

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Brenner ◽  
S. Belkin ◽  
A. Abeliovich
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Control Program ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Wastewater Stream ◽  
Biological Treatability ◽  
Biological Treatment Process

A biological treatment process has been suggested as the main treatment stage for a high (organic) strength industrial wastewater stream, discharged by several chemical industries within a large industrial park. Treatability studies have indicated that the wastes contain a fraction of toxic and non-biodegradable organic matter, which limits the implementation of a conventional biological treatment process for the combined wastewater stream. Therefore, an in-plant control program including waste segregation and process-specific pretreatments is proposed. A protocol that enables selection of waste streams amenable to biological treatment and identification of problematic streams requiring pretreatment is presented and demonstrated. It includes simplified laboratory procedures used for chemical and toxicological characterization of source streams originating in various processes. The results can be used for the development of a pretreatment program for problematic waste streams, based upon local small-scale solutions.

Photocatalytic degradation of wastewater from manufactured fiber by titanium dioxide suspensions in aqueous solution: a feasibility study

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 95-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.H. Hsieh ◽  
K.H. Wang ◽  
R.C. Ko ◽  
C.Y. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Cod Removal Efficiency ◽  
Fiber Plant ◽  
Decreasing Ph ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Raw Wastewater

This investigation used wastewater from manufactured fiber plant for studying the effect of controlling variables on the COD removal efficiency by photocatalyzed degradation of organic pollutants in the presence of titanium dioxide catalyst. By using BOD/COD ratio as index, the treatment of raw wastewater was evaluated for its change of biodegradability as a feasibility in the pre-treatment of biological treatment. The experimental results indicated that with the Janssen Chemica TiO2 as catalyst, the optimal addition was 0.25 g/L with increasing COD removal for decreasing pH value. Both increased light intensity and continuous aeration increased COD removal efficiency, particularly under continuous aeration for significantly raising the ratio of BOD/COD to improve efficiency of subsequent biological treatment.

Characterization and treatability studies of cigarette industry wastewaters: a case study

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
G. Bozarslan ◽  
S. K. Çelebi ◽  
F. Sengül
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Continuous System ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Fenton Reagent ◽  
Cigarette Industry ◽  
Settling Behaviour ◽  
Characterization Studies

In this study, the wastewater of one of the cigarette factories in Izmir was characterized and treatability studies were done. The characterization studies of the wastewater showed that the COD, and the pH changes drastically. The chemical treatability studies of the influent wastewater were done by using Ca(OH)2, FeCl3 and Fenton Reagent. The optimum dose of FeCI3 was determined by jar tests. When using Ca(OH)2, the best flocculation, settling behaviour, and the highest COD removal occurred around pH 11. The optimum doses of Fenton Reagent (FeSO4 and H2O2) were determined. The supernatants of the previously chemically treated wastewaters were used for biological treatment. According to total COD removal efficiencies and the amount of sludge production during chemical treatment, FeCl3 was found to be the most economical and effective coagulant. Chemical treatment units were designed for a batch and a continuous system. The batch system has more advantages than a continuous system in this case.

Evaluation of treatability for two textile mill effluents

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Germirli Babuna ◽  
B. Soyhan ◽  
G. Eremektar ◽  
D. Orhon
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Hydrolysis Rate ◽  
Textile Mill ◽  
Acrylic Fiber ◽  
Partial Chemical

The study emphasizes wastewater characteristics of two different textile plants as they apply to biological treatment. Although conventional characterization reveals no major differences, the effluents from the acrylic fiber and yarn dyeing plant exhibit all the properties of a non-biodegradable wastewater. Appropriate pretreatment consisting of partial chemical oxidation with H2O2 reduces its COD content to 700 mg l−1, almost entirely biodegradable whereas COD fractionation indicates that the effluents of the cotton knit dyeing plant contain 9% residual fractions. Experimental investigation shows that most kinetic and stoichiometric properties of both wastewaters are compatible with that of domestic sewage with the exception of a much slower hydrolysis rate.

scholarly journals Factors that Inhibit Sustainable Adoption of Industry 4.0 in the South African Manufacturing Industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1013
Author(s):  
Whisper Maisiri ◽  
Liezl van Dyk ◽  
Rojanette Coeztee
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Education System ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The South ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Cultural Construct ◽  
Sub Saharan

Industry 4.0 (I4.0) adoption in the manufacturing industry is on the rise across the world, resulting in increased empirical research on barriers and drivers to I4.0 adoption in specific country contexts. However, no similar studies are available that focus on the South African manufacturing industry. Our small-scale interview-based qualitative descriptive study aimed at identifying factors that may inhibit sustainable adoption of I4.0 in the country’s manufacturing industry. The study probed the views and opinions of 16 managers and specialists in the industry, as well as others in supportive roles. Two themes emerged from the thematic analysis: factors that inhibit sustainable adoption of I4.0 and strategies that promote I4.0 adoption in the South African manufacturing industry. The interviews highlighted cultural construct, structural inequalities, noticeable youth unemployment, fragmented task environment, and deficiencies in the education system as key inhibitors. Key strategies identified to promote sustainable adoption of I4.0 include understanding context and applying relevant technologies, strengthening policy and regulatory space, overhauling the education system, and focusing on primary manufacturing. The study offers direction for broader investigations of the specific inhibitors to sustainable I4.0 adoption in the sub-Saharan African developing countries and the strategies for overcoming them.

Degradation of wine distillery wastewaters by the combination of aerobic biological treatment with chemical oxidation by Fenton's reagent

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Beltran de Heredia ◽  
J. Torregrosa ◽  
J.R. Dominguez ◽  
E. Partido
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Fenton’S Reagent ◽  
Kinetic Rate Constant ◽  
Fenton's Reagent

The degradation of wine distillery wastewaters by aerobic biological treatment has been investigated in a batch reactor. The evolution of the chemical oxygen demand, biomass and total contents of polyphenolic and aromatic compounds was followed through each experiment. According to the Contois model, a kinetic expression for the substrate utilization rate is derived, and its biokinetic constant is evaluated. The final effluents of the aerobic biological experiments were oxidized by Fenton's reagent. The evolution of chemical oxygen demand, hydrogen peroxide concentration and total contents of polyphenolic and aromatic compounds was followed through each experiment. A kinetic model to interpret the experimental data is proposed. The kinetic rate constant of the global reaction is determined.

BIOLOGICAL TREATABILITY OF AMINE LADEN REFINERY WASTEWATER

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nyuk-Min Chong
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Refinery Wastewater ◽  
Continuous Flow Reactor ◽  
Biological Treatability

Mono- and Di- hydroxyl amines are used in the desulfuration processes for refined petroleum products. The refinery wastewater treatment plant may be shocked by amine laden wastewater periodically, bringing operation difficulties to the biological treatment units. Data on the treatability, shock load behaviour and on long term system stability of biological treatment of amines are therefore required. Shake-flask test results showed that pure diethanol amine and diisopropanol amines have characteristics of persistent compounds. Each of the two compounds has a prolonged lag time when first inoculated with indigenous activated sludge. Acclimated activated sludge in a continuous flow reactor treated a feed of ethanol amine with a 93 percent COD removal and a 98 percent nitrification, but the system was unstable because amine caused a bulking sludge. By physical retention of the activated sludge, 550 mg/l influent COD of amines was treated to m1 average 50 mg/l effluent COD. Sludge yield was approximately 0.26 mg MLSS per mg COD. The activated sludge system withstood a chm1ge of feed to a real refinery wastewater laden with the; amine. A mean cell residence time above five (5) days should be maintained for safe treatment of; amine.

SMED for quick changeover in manufacturing industry – a case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 2065-2088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagdeep Singh ◽  
Harwinder Singh ◽  
Inderdeep Singh
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Setup Time ◽  
Industrial Engineering ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Manufacturing Environments

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to uncover the significance of SMED in manufacturing environments. Design/methodology/approach The paper gives setup instructions and guidelines to prepare the standardized setup procedure without ignoring actual constraints in production environment. It uses a case study in a small-scale manufacturing unit of northern India to generate an integrated setup reduction approach, utilizing Single Minute Exchange of Die (SMED)-based industrial engineering tools to achieve faster setups. It describes the feasibility of quick changeovers in small enterprises based on an “SMED” approach. Finally, the paper carries out empirical analysis of the financial/non-financial benefits incurred from setup reductions. Findings Setup activities are a vital part of the production lead time of any product and so affect overall product cost. Industrial engineering techniques have been used to analyze the existing procedure of setups. A SMED approach can help eliminate unwanted activities, externalize the internal activities, if possible, and reduce them by simplification or standardization. Originality/value The paper demonstrates the practical application of SMED showing how it can bring real breakthroughs in reducing setup time in small-scale manufacturing.

Reducing failure rate at high voltage (HV) testing of insulator using Six Sigma methodology

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 791-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darshak A. Desai ◽  
Aurangzeb Javed Ahmed Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Failure Rate ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Six Sigma ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Case Study Methodology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sigma Level ◽  
Ceramic Manufacturing

PurposeThis paper, a case study, aims to illustrate the application of Six Sigma in a small-scale ceramic manufacturing industry. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the empirical application of DMAIC methodology to reduce failure rate at high voltage (HV) testing of one of the most critical products, insulator.Design/methodology/approachThe case study is based on primary data collected from a real-life situation prevailing in the industry. The case study methodology adopted here is at one small-scale unit wherein the authors have applied DMAIC methodology and observed and recorded the improvement results, especially, reduction in failure rate at HV testing of insulator and, thus, increase in Sigma level.FindingsThe results found after implementation of the solutions are very significant. The rejection percentage has been reduced from 0.5 to 0.1 percent and consequently the Sigma level has been improved from 4.4 to 5.0.Research limitations/implicationsThis success story can be a guiding roadmap for other such industries to successfully implement Six Sigma to improve quality, productivity and profitability.Practical implicationsThis case study will serve as one of the resource bases for the industries which have till not implemented Six Sigma and benefited from the same.Social implicationsImproved quality and productivity leads to better economy. This case will help industries to serve the society with better economy with improved quality and productivity.Originality/valueThough ceramic industries in India are having enormous potential for growth, majority of them, especially, small and medium industries are either not aware of or not implementing Six Sigma to reap its multidimensional benefits of improving quality, productivity and profitability. This study highlights the benefits reaped by small-scale ceramic manufacturing industry opening up the avenues for its application at other such organizations.

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