A literature based study of stormwater harvesting as a new water resource

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1327-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami M. Hamdan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Water Scarce

Rainwater harvesting is an important new water resource that participates in bridging the deficit in the water resources in water scarce countries. It is not a new technology but it has been practiced in many countries for many years. From a quantitative point of view it makes a positive contribution to the water resources balance. However, the quality of this new water resource was under the subject of this study in addition to the historical and international experiences carried out in stormwater management. Rainwater harvested from rooftops was noted to be much cleaner than that coming from urban stormwater runoff. The water quality parameters in stormwater were examined with a focus on heavy metals such as Cd, Zn, Pb and Cu which are released in low pH values. Fortunately, heavy metals like other ionic bounds and metal oxide bounds are removed by precipitation or co-precipitation at high values of pH.

scholarly journals Assessment of the microbiological quality of rain water: A case study of selected water scarce area in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-26
Author(s):  
Minhaj Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Ahmad Kamruzzaman Majumder ◽  
Md Sahadat Hossain ◽  
Abdullah Al Nayeem
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Alternative Water ◽  
To Come ◽  
Water Scarce

Availability as well as access to drinking water is one of the considerable constraints for achieving sustainable goals in many countries while microbial contamination has exacerbated this issue more significantly. The increasing trend of population and industrialization for economic growth has adversely been affecting fresh water resources that eventually leading to scarcity of available drinking water. Hence, controlling water pollution along with focusing on alternative water sources are important for ensuring access to safe drinking water. This study aimed to determine the biological water quality parameters of rainfall water in the water-scarce areas of Bangladesh. About sixty rainwater samples collected from seven different districts were collected for microbial analysis in particular Total Coliform (TC) and Fecal Coliform (FC) by using membrane filtration and direct counting method. The result found that 70 % of samples were free from total coliform, whereas only 5 % samples showed above 100 colonies. On the other hand, 83% samples were free from fecal coliform, whereas only 2% samples were within the range of 11-100 colonies. This study has also revealed that most of the samples collected from Rangamati and Khulna district were free from total coliform and fecal coliform. This study may also encourage people living in these water scarce areas to come forward for rainwater harvesting system as a prospective tool for achieving sustainable goal in drinking sector of Bangladesh. Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.8(1) 2018: 24-26

scholarly journals An analytic-geospatial approach for sustainable water resource management: a case study in the province of Perugia

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2s) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Casadei ◽  
Michele Bellezza ◽  
Luca Casagrande ◽  
Arnaldo Pierleoni
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Surface Water Resources ◽  
Hydrogeological Characteristics ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Water Uses

Water is a strategic, but also highly vulnerable, natural resource. This because the increasing demand from multiple uses, in many cases competing amongst them, seems to influence the concepts of sustainability of the exploitation. From the operational point of view, the studied system is an integrated decision support system. It is not only a platform to exchange information and assessments, but also a tool for conflict resolution, in the management of water resources, to obtain the consensus among all participants in the decisional processes. So the canonical “top-down” approach has been replaced with a “bottom-up” approach where all stakeholders become decision makers themselves. The application of the aforementioned approach was studied for the Tiber River basin and has been applied to the Province of Perugia area. The study focused to the building of a spatial database of hydrological data and multipurpose water withdrawals, together with the setting of the evaluation model for the surface water resources. This model bases its algorithms on regionalization procedures of flow parameters. For the definition of the river condition, hydrological indices calculated from the hydrological database have been used, while for the existing withdrawals, an analysis procedure has been developed, that from the point of interest directly selected on the map, finds out the upstream basin and, by means of overlay procedures, identifies the upstream water uses and the total flow that could be extracted. The potential of the system and the technologies used are contained in a WEB platform that allows the analysis of the database of water uses/withdrawals on the cartography, and the comparison with the hydrogeological characteristics of the sub-basin examined. The purpose of this study is to provide software tools that can be used as a support in water resource evaluation and management policies at the basin scale.

scholarly journals Rainwater Harvesting - A Potential Safety Net for Water Security in Ghana

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Amankwah Emmanuel ◽  
Mensah Jackson Napoleon
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
World Population ◽  
Water Harvesting ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Integrated Water Management ◽  
Water Scarce

Water is an important medium for many activities including water for consumptive and non-consumptive purposes. Lack of water quality and quantity does not only hampers socio-economic development but affects agricultural productivity, sustainable development, sanitation, health, industrial development and the ecosystem. The advent of climate change is known to affect water flow, increases dry season spells and drought, and influences reservoirs or deep groundwater wells thus worsening the precarious water situation in Africa.  About 1.7 billion of the world population lives in water scarce regions and this is projected to grow to about 300% or 5 billion by 2025 especially in Africa.  In Ghana, population growth, pollution of river bodies, high evapotranspiration, erratic rainfall pattern and environmental degradation among others have affected water availability and use.  These challenges will therefore require a deliberate water harvesting, integrated water management and conservation, water use efficiency and capacity building to withstand the dwindling trend of water resources in the country. This paper therefore seeks to inform policy makers, stakeholders, institutions responsible for water resources management among others to consider water harvesting as a potential solution to the many challenges including water shortages, floods, and land degradation. The article was carried out through extensive review of literature, official reports and policy documents. It shows the need to adopt appropriate techniques for rainwater harvesting to address the perennial water scarcity in the country.

Using Technology Acceptance Model to Study Customers’ Perception Towards Green Banking

Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-409
Author(s):  
Deepak Shrivastava ◽  
Apurva Shrivastava ◽  
Gyan Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Technology Acceptance Model ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Perceived Ease Of Use ◽  
Acceptance Model

Tech-friendliness in this new era is an important quotient considered and the persons’ acceptance towards the technology frequency matters a lot. But still the frequency varies from person to person, this brought in the concept of Technology Acceptance Model given by Fred Davis in 1989. The theory of TAM is based on two theories that are Theory of Reasoned Action and Theory of Planned Behavior, TAM is extended version of these two. Green Banking is a new technology introduced by the banks that focuses on the growth of Sustainable development and Banking system too. Thus, banks ask their customers to use it or practice it in their daily life transactions. But every customer has their own point of view on the usage of Green banking. Thus, the research aims to understand the customers’ perception towards the Green Banking for this TAM is used. The research states that Perceived risk is the primary factor that is followed by perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use that impacts the decision to use green banking. Thus, the behavioral intention results in actual use of green banking usage for which people are trying to accept the new technology. So, the banks have earned points for creating awareness among their customers but still they have to work hard and clarify their customers’ problems and vanish that hitch that is stopping them to use green banking easily.

Managing urban wastewater for maximising water resource utilization

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 353-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gideon Tredoux ◽  
Peter King ◽  
Lisa Cavé
Keyword(s):  
Water Resource ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Groundwater Exploitation ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
Management Scheme ◽  
Domestic Effluent

The Atlantis Water Resource Management Scheme uses artificial recharge of urban stormwater and treated wastewater to augment the natural groundwater resource. The key to the success of the scheme is the fractionation of the stormwater into components of distinctly different quality, and the separate treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater for different end-uses. The groundwater exploitation strategy is largely controlled by water quality requirements. Reuse of domestic and industrial wastewater depends on quality parameters. Tertiary treated domestic effluent is destined for indirect reuse via the aquifer, while treated industrial wastewater is used together with spent regenerant brine and stormwater from the noxious trade area for preventing seawater intrusion. Both residential and industrial stormwater is separated into the base flow and storm flow components and utilised for various purposes. The sustainable operation of the water resource scheme serves as a prototype for the optimal use of water and protection of the environment.

scholarly journals Technologies Developing in Heavy Metals’ Removal from Water

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 860
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Simeonidis ◽  
Manassis Mitrakas
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Urban Wastewater ◽  
Heavy Metals Removal ◽  
Metals Removal ◽  
Drinking Water Resources

Elevated concentrations of heavy metals in drinking water resources and industrial or urban wastewater pose a serious threat to human health and the equilibrium of ecosystems [...]

scholarly journals An Optimal Water Resource Allocation Mechanism Based on Ex-Post Verification and Reward in Huangbai River

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1588
Author(s):  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Jiaying Li
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Allocation ◽  
Allocation Rule ◽  
Allocation Efficiency ◽  
Water Resource Allocation ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Demand Information

Under the current administrative system (AS) in China, the water resources governor allocates limited water resources to several users to realize the utility of water resources, leading to a principal–agent problem. The governor (referred to as the principal and she) wishes to maximize water resource allocation efficiency, while each user (referred to as the agent and he) only wishes to maximize his own quota. In addition, the governor cannot know water demand information exactly since it is the water users’ private information. Hence, this paper builds an ex ante improved bankruptcy allocation rule and an ex post verification and reward mechanism to improve water allocation efficiency from the governor’s perspective. In this mechanism, the governor allocates water among users based on an improved bankruptcy rule before the water is used up, verifies users’ information by various approaches, and poses a negative reward to them if their information is found to be false after the water is used up. Then, this mechanism is applied to Huangbai River Basin. Research results show that the improved allocation rule could motivate users to report demand information more honestly, and ex post verification could motivate water users to further report their true information, which, as a result, could improve the water allocation efficiency. Furthermore, this mechanism could be applied to the allocation of other resources.

scholarly journals Assessment of water resource security in karst area of Guizhou Province, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liying Liu
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Bp Neural Network ◽  
Back Propagation ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Water Resource Security ◽  
Resource Security

AbstractThis paper presents the assessment of water resource security in the Guizhou karst area, China. A mean impact value and back-propagation (MIV-BP) neural network was used to understand the influencing factors. Thirty-one indices involving five aspects, the water quality subsystem, water quantity subsystem, engineering water shortage subsystem, water resource vulnerability subsystem, and water resource carrying capacity subsystem, were selected to establish an evaluation index of water resource security. In addition, a genetic algorithm and back-propagation (GA-BP) neural network was constructed to assess the water resource security of Guizhou Province from 2001 to 2015. The results show that water resource security in Guizhou was at a moderate warning level from 2001 to 2006 and a critical safety level from 2007 to 2015, except in 2011 when a moderate warning level was reached. For protection and management of water resources in a karst area, the modes of development and utilization of water resources must be thoroughly understood, along with the impact of engineering water shortage. These results are a meaningful contribution to regional ecological restoration and socio-economic development and can promote better practices for future planning.

scholarly journals Mapping the Distribution of Water Resource Security in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region at the County Level under a Changing Context

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 6463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li ◽  
Yin ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Croke ◽  
Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Diversion ◽  
County Level ◽  
Populated Region ◽  
Water Resource Security ◽  
Resource Security

The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (Jingjinji) region is the most densely populated region in China and suffers from severe water resource shortage, with considerable water-related issues emerging under a changing context such as construction of water diversion projects (WDP), regional synergistic development, and climate change. To this end, this paper develops a framework to examine the water resource security for 200 counties in the Jingjinji region under these changes. Thus, county-level water resource security is assessed in terms of the long-term annual mean and selected typical years (i.e., dry, normal, and wet years), with and without the WDP, and under the current and projected future (i.e., regional synergistic development and climate change). The outcomes of such scenarios are assessed based on two water-crowding indicators, two use-to-availability indicators, and one composite indicator. Results indicate first that the water resources are distributed unevenly, relatively more abundant in the northeastern counties and extremely limited in the other counties. The water resources are very limited at the regional level, with the water availability per capita and per unit gross domestic product (GDP) being only 279/290 m3 and 46/18 m3 in the current and projected future scenarios, respectively, even when considering the WDP. Second, the population carrying capacity is currently the dominant influence, while economic development will be the controlling factor in the future for most middle and southern counties. This suggests that significant improvement in water-saving technologies, vigorous replacement of industries from high to low water consumption, as well as water from other supplies for large-scale applications are greatly needed. Third, the research identifies those counties most at risk to water scarcity and shows that most of them can be greatly relieved after supplementation by the planned WDP. Finally, more attention should be paid to the southern counties because their water resources are not only limited but also much more sensitive and vulnerable to climate change. This work should benefit water resource management and allocation decisions in the Jingjinji region, and the proposed assessment framework can be applied to other similar problems.

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