Study of water-table behaviour for the Indian Punjab using GIS

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 1574-1581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samanpreet Kaur ◽  
Rajan Aggarwal ◽  
Ashwani Soni
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
The State ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Critical Limit ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Water Canals

The state of Punjab (India) has witnessed a spectacular increase in agricultural production in the last few decades. This has been possible due to high use of fertilizers, good quality seeds and increased use of water resources. This increased demand of water resources has resulted in extensive use of groundwater in the central districts of the state and surface water (canals) in South-West Punjab, where groundwater is of poor quality in general. The state has been facing the twin problem of water table decline/rise in different parts. Efficient management relies on comprehensive database and regular monitoring of the resources. GIS is one of the important tools for integrating and analyzing spatial information from different sources or disciplines. It helps to integrate, analyze and represent spatial information and database of any resource, which could be easily used for planning of resource development, environmental protection and scientific researches and investigations. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) have been used for a variety of groundwater studies. Groundwater level change maps are useful in determining areas of greatest changes in storage in the regional systems. In this study, an attempt has been made to assess the long term groundwater behaviour of the state using GIS to visually and spatially analyze water level data obtained from the state and central agencies. The data was analysed for 0–3 m, 3–10 m, 10–20 m and beyond 20 m. The study revealed that per cent area with water table depth > 10 m was 20% in 1998 and has increased to 58% by 2006 which is critical limit for shifting from centrifugal pump to submersible pump.

scholarly journals Geographical Information Based Expert System to Estimate Submersible Pump System Specifications

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 497-501
Author(s):  
Gurpreet Kaur ◽  
Derminder Singh ◽  
Rajan Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
The State ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Power Cable ◽  
Submersible Pump ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Pumping System

During past two decades, groundwater utilization has increased tremendously in the state of Punjab (India) particularly for agriculture purposes. Higher energy demand for lifting water is a result of decline in water table. Punjab is presently facing water crises which exasperate monetary conditions of small farmers, abrogate the natural value and unfavorably influence farming generation and economy of the state.In this research, an expert system was developed using Java Standard Edition 7 which provide appropriate selection of submersible pump set and required associated components such as power cable rating and size, generator capacity, ammeter rating, voltmeter rating, capacitor rating and Polyvinyl Chloride pipe diameter based on the spatial information of last 18 years (1998-2015) of ground water table for the state of Punjab. The developed system will be beneficial for the farmer’s in estimation of the required submersible pumping system and allied electrical components.

scholarly journals Modeling in Water Resources Management in East Nile Delta: Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Heba F. Abdelwahab ◽  
Elsayed M. Ramadan ◽  
Abdelazim M. Negm
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Nile Delta ◽  
Mathematical Optimization ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Modelling Studies

AbstractIt is acknowledged that providing a safe water supply for all countries is one of the major challenges of the twenty-first century. Egypt is one of the greatest countries affected in Africa and Middle East. The Nile is facing a major water shortage due to the limited water resources and the the demand is growing as a result high population growth and development in industrial and agricultural sectors. This paper has been motivated by the fact that there is no up-to-date literature review of the optimal operation of Water Resources. The analysis of the reviewed literature is structured along five broad branches: (1) Mathematical Optimization Modelling Studies, (2) Numerical Simulation Modelling Studies, (3) Geographical Information Systems “GIS” based Studies, (4) Ecological Studies, (5) Water Reuse Studies. This review is limited to surface water but groundwater has been inexplicitly included. The paper concludes the best way to identify knowledge to cover the gap between water supply and demands and to guide future researches on water resources planning and management.

scholarly journals Using Remote Sensing Techniques in Environmental Management

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Mihai Valentin Herbei ◽  
Roxana Herbei ◽  
Laura Smuleac ◽  
Tudor Salagean
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Environmental Management ◽  
Information System ◽  
Geographical Information System ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
Modern Solution

The Geographical Information Systems technology is used in many fields where the spatial information is very important and relevant, that means in all fields that use a system for saving, analyzing and representing the data which are processed. The aim of this paper is using modern technology for monitoring the environment. Geographical Information System together with remote sensing have a very important role in decision process regarding the environment. Integration of remote sensing images in a Geographical Information System which enables complex spatial analysis is a useful and modern solution for environmental management and decision-making process. Satellite images contain various information that can support environmental monitoring, images that can be analyzed and interpreted in various ways by using the Geographical Information System tools.

scholarly journals Assessment of Switchgrass-Based Bioenergy Supply Using GIS-Based Fuzzy Logic and Network Optimization in Missouri (U.S.A.)

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 4516
Author(s):  
Huynh Truong Gia Nguyen ◽  
Erik Lyttek ◽  
Pankaj Lal ◽  
Taylor Wieczerak ◽  
Pralhad Burli
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Network Optimization ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Analytical Approaches

Bioenergy has been globally recognized as one of the sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels. An assured supply of biomass feedstocks is a crucial bottleneck for the bioenergy industry emanating from uncertainties in land-use changes and future prices. Analytical approaches deriving from geographical information systems (GIS)-based analysis, mathematical modeling, optimization analyses, and empirical techniques have been widely used to evaluate the potential for bioenergy feedstock. In this study, we propose a three-phase methodology integrating fuzzy logic, network optimization, and ecosystem services assessment to estimate potential bioenergy supply. The fuzzy logic analysis uses multiple spatial criteria to identify suitable biomass cultivating regions. We extract spatial information based on favorable conditions and potential constraints, such as developed urban areas and croplands. Further, the network analysis uses the road network and existing biorefineries to evaluate feedstock production locations. Our analysis extends previous studies by incorporating biodiversity and ecologically sensitive areas into the analysis, as well as incorporating ecosystem service benefits as an additional driver for adoption, ensuring that biomass cultivation will minimize the negative consequences of large-scale land-use change. We apply the concept of assessing the potential for switchgrass-based bioenergy in Missouri to the proposed methodology.

WORLD HERITAGE MAPPING IN A STANDARD-BASED STRUCTURED GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B4-2020 ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
M. Valese ◽  
F. Noardo ◽  
A. Pereira Roders
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Data Interoperability ◽  
Shape Accuracy ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
The World

Abstract. This research aims at the study of the (dynamic) relationship between the World Heritage sites and the related human settlements development. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) can be useful to represent the involved information and to analyze such relationship. However, an effective harmonized structure and unique storage of possibly heterogeneous datasets is necessary to enable it. This initial step is the focus of this paper. First, the description of the structure of the related datasets and the assessment of the availability, quality, and consistency of the available information about the Heritage sites and properties is presented. Among those requirements, the quality of the associated spatial information is critical (e.g. kind of shape, accuracy, georeferencing). Second, considering the structure of the available datasets concerning the world heritage, together with the HERILAND research requirements, a global world heritage GIS is designed. The classification and data model to manage the WH list falls within the wider issue of structuring the cultural heritage documentation, involving both the definition of the semantic content and the geometric representation. In order to comply with the important requirement of data interoperability in science and to strengthen the outcomes of the research, some standardized data models and classifications are considered.

A Validation of England's Nineteenth Century Tithe Files, Using GIS as a Primary Tool

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 116-135
Author(s):  
Malcolm Little ◽  
Stephen Peplow
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Econometric Analysis ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Production Data ◽  
Exogenous Variables ◽  
Consistent Manner

The tithe files contain a large amount of agricultural production data, but have not been much used for econometric analysis. The data is the result of averaging and estimating, thus some doubt has been cast on its accuracy. This article shows that for eight counties in the southwest of England, some data from the tithe files is reasonably reliable and was recorded in a consistent manner. The article demonstrates how tithe files and other data can be geocoded with spatial information so that an analysis using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) may be performed. Three tests are carried out, showing that pastoral rents followed a ‘distance decay’ model; that reported arable yields were consistent with exogenous variables; and that arable rents were set with economic variables in mind.

A role for GIS-based simulation for empowering local stakeholders in water resources negotiations in developing countries: case studies for two rural hillside watersheds in Honduras and Colombia

Water Policy ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Luijten ◽  
E. B. Knapp ◽  
S. I. Sanz ◽  
J. W. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Stakeholder Participation ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Development Scenarios

Water security for those living in poverty is a concern for a broad range of policy makers. Identifying appropriate policy options, however, means coping with complexity and uncertainty inherent in natural and human systems. This paper demonstrates how geographical information systems and simulation modeling can facilitate scenario analysis of water availability and water security. The result is policy development with a strong human context that can empower stakeholders in water resources negotiations and the design of a science-based, community-supported water resources management plans. We applied these tools to two hillside watersheds in Honduras and Colombia to generate basic information about the “state of water resources”, and how they may change over space and time, for the present situation and under alternatives futures. Stakeholder participation in creating and analyzing scenarios is a critical part of the overall policy development methodological framework, so that what might otherwise be only lines on a graph is put into more concrete human terms. The analyses showed that, among others, stream water availability and the location of streams strongly vary throughout the year and over space; that different parts of the watersheds do not equally contribute to stream water; that inequalities exist in household accessibility to streams; and that dams could help supply sufficient irrigation water under alternative development scenarios without endangering water supply to downstream communities. These results are helpful for better understanding landscape processes at a watershed scale, for identifying desired future conditions and negotiating tradeoffs that are required to reach them, and for supporting water policy development.

scholarly journals GIS in Architectural Teaching and Research: Planning and Heritage

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Bertha Santos ◽  
Jorge Gonçalves ◽  
Ana M. Martins ◽  
Maria T. Pérez-Cano ◽  
Eduardo Mosquera-Adell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Teaching And Research ◽  
Urban And Regional Planning ◽  
Future Evolution ◽  
European Universities ◽  
Development Applications

Geographical Information Systems (GISs) in architecture were initially limited to regional and urban development applications. Over recent years its potential has been recognized and its use has evolved to address urban planning and architectural heritage management subjects. Nevertheless, evidence shows that its use in architecture teaching is scarce and uneven. Directive 2007/2/EC, establishing the infrastructure for spatial information in the European Community (EU), is, in this way, an opportunity to develop a greater knowledge and application of GIS in the framework of higher education. In architecture, this can be achieved by problem solving based on real case scenarios, which can benefit from GIS-based techniques and analysis capabilities. In this paper, the authors aim to present a review of the use of GIS in teaching and research in architecture to assess its level in different European programmes. Experiences from three European universities (University of Seville, Spain, University of Beira Interior, Portugal, and Technical University of Crete, Greece), which are among the few in their respective countries that promote the inclusion of GIS in architectural education, particularly in the fields of urban and regional planning and architectural heritage, are compared and framed within the European scenario. The paper concludes with a reflection on the three universities’ practice compared to the leading European architecture programmes listed in the main international university rankings. Main trends of future evolution on the use of GIS in architecture teaching are also presented.

scholarly journals A GIS model for landfill siting

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Landfill Site ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Gis Model ◽  
Island Area ◽  
Site Evaluation ◽  
Site Ranking

The use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) for Landfill Sitting is studied. The necessary spatial information required to determine the candidate sites for any type of terrestrial area (Community/Prefecture/Region/Country) is examined. This spatial information is then used for site selection via successive spatial operations: Buffering, overlaying and attribute calculations. The method is tested for the whole region of the island of Crete, producing spatial numerical results, which can be used as points of reference for any future Landfill Sitting study for this area. In our study, the main spatial information required for Landfill Sitting is determined in such a manner, so that the spatial development of the region is assured to be sustainable for the future generations. This means that we try to include as much as possible Environmental / Ecological / Economic factors characterizing the region under consideration. These factors take the form of spatial information, organized in spatial layers. The layers are then inserted into the GIS model for (a) Landfill site exclusion, and (b) Landfill site evaluation. All spatial layers correspond to subcategories of the main categories, defined as follows (GIS model setup): A. NATURE / ECOSYSTEM, B. HUMAN ACTIVITIES, C. WATER RESOURCES / HYDROLOGY, and D. ANTIQUITIES. The exclusion “rules” are then defined by varying buffer distances surrounding each of the above layers separately (distance maps). The total areas to be excluded for each Category are defined by overlaying (union) the various distance maps in a sequential order, with the final “exclusion” map to be the union of all the above sub/distance maps. The remaining areas are then to be evaluated individually. The GIS model results showed that, for the island of Crete, and a moderate buffer distances (“restrictions”) scenario, a total of 47.73% of the whole area is excluded when we consider restrictions residing from Category A. NATURE/ECOSYSTEM, 61.40% is excluded due to the HUMAN ACTIVITIES (Category B), 16.03% is rejected due to WATER RESOURCES/HYDROLOGY protection considerations (Category C), and only 1,04% of the total island area is excluded due to existence of ANTIQUITIES (Category D). If we are to combine the above Categories (A-D), a total of 82.65% of the total area is to be excluded, or a total of 17.35% of the island area only is suitable for Landfill Sitting. The GIS model results defines precisely which these areas are, so small-scale research, based on these results, is required for the final site ranking and selection.

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