scholarly journals Priority organic pollutants in the urban water cycle (Toulouse, France)

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Sablayrolles ◽  
A. Breton ◽  
C. Vialle ◽  
C. Vignoles ◽  
M. Montréjaud-Vignoles
Keyword(s):  
Water Cycle ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Linear Alkylbenzene ◽  
Water Compartments ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Quantitative Monitoring ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
One Year

Application of the European Water Framework Directive requires Member States to have better understanding of the quality of surface waters in order to improve knowledge of priority pollutants. Xenobiotics in urban receiving waters are an emerging concern. This study proposes a screening campaign of nine molecular species of xenobiotics in a separated sewer system. Five sites were investigated over one year in Toulouse (France) using quantitative monitoring. For each sample, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, nonylphenols, diethelhexylphthalate, linear alkylbenzene sulphonates, methyl tert-butylether, total hydrocarbons, estradiol and ethinylestradiol were analysed. Ground, rain and roof collected water concentrations are similar to treated wastewater levels. Run-off water was the most polluted of the five types investigated, discharged into the aquatic environment. The wastewater treatment plant reduced xenobiotic concentrations by 66% before discharge into the environment. Regarding environmental quality standards, observed concentrations in waters were in compliance with standards. The results show that xenobiotic concentrations are variable over time and space in all urban water compartments.

scholarly journals Integrated urban water modelling using Aquacycle model

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-319
Keyword(s):  
Water Cycle ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Multiple Use ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Athens Area ◽  
Urban Water Cycle

The traditional approach to urban water management is primarily based on a supply-oriented approach, where water follows a one-way path from supply to a single use, treatment and then discharged to the environment. The wide acknowledgement of the need to shift towards more sustainable practices has led to the recognition that demand is multi-faceted; delivered supply should correspond to the varying characteristics of users, taking into account their actual needs in terms of quantity, quality and level of reliability. Such an approach can entail the application of reuse and reclamation methods, which allow for the multiple use of water to meet higher to lower quality needs. Integrated urban water cycle modelling can be a powerful tool in estimating the potential for the application of such options, as it considers issues related to water supply, wastewater production and stormwater runoff in a holistic framework. This paper presents preliminary results from the application of an integrated urban water balance model, Aquacycle, in the Greater Athens Area. The Aquacycle model accounts for water pathways by simulating two subsystems of the urban water cycle (the rainfall-run-off network and the water supplywastewater network), and the interactions between them. The software package can also be used for evaluating alternative stormwater and wastewater reuse schemes. In this paper, Aquacycle was used for simulating water use, wastewater production and stormwater drainage in the Greater Athens Area. For applying the model, the region was divided into smaller – cluster – scales, according to specific structural characteristics. Then, the model was calibrated and validated against measured data, so that model outputs can account for the overall complexity of the Athens urban environment. Finally, three alternative scenarios, comprising the application of on-site recycling and reuse technologies were simulated and evaluated on the basis of three sustainability indicators (i.e. reduction of imported freshwater, wastewater and stormwater discharge).

scholarly journals Wastewater Treatment Plant Assessment by Quantifying the Carbon and Water Footprint

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3204
Author(s):  
Eva Gómez-Llanos ◽  
Agustín Matías-Sánchez ◽  
Pablo Durán-Barroso
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Blue Water ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Cycle ◽  
Joint Evaluation

In the context of efficient and sustainable management of the elements of the urban water cycle as an aim of the Water Framework Directive (WFD), the evaluation of indicators such as the water footprint (WF) and the carbon footprint (CF) in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) provides a quantification of the environmental impact, both negative and positive, which implies its exploitation. In this study, in addition to WF and CF quantification, a joint evaluation of both indicators was conducted. Consumption is indicated by the blue water footprint (WFBlue) and emissions by CF. Both are related to the operational grey water footprint (∆WFG,mef) in two ratios, WFR and CFR. In this way, the water consumed and gases emitted are measured according to the reduction range of the pollutant load of the discharge. The results for four WWTPs show operational scenarios for better management in accordance with the WFD.

scholarly journals Effectiveness in the Removal of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons From Industrial Wastewater by Ultrafiltration Technique

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzena Smol ◽  
Maria Włodarczyk-Makuła
Keyword(s):  
Coke Plant ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Coke Wastewater ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Membrane Type ◽  
Wastewater Samples

Abstract The paper presents the results of studies on the changes in the PAHs concentration during pre-filtration and ultrafiltration (UF) processes. In the study, biologically treated wastewater (after denitrification and nitrification processes), discharged from the biological treatment plant and used in coke plant, was used. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used in order to qualify and quantify the PAHs. Sixteen PAHs listed by EPA were determined. The wastewater samples were collected three fold and initially characterized for the concentration of nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, COD, TOC and pH. In the first step, wastewater was filtrated on the sand bed. Total concentration of 16 PAHs in the treated wastewater before initial filtration was in the range of 44.8‒53.5 mg/L. During the process the decrease in the concentration of the most studied hydrocarbons was observed. Concentration of PAHs after initial filtration ranged from 21.9 to 38.3 μg/L. After the initial filtration process the wastewater flew to the ultrafiltration module and then was separated on the membrane (type ZW-10). The total concentration of 16 PAHs in the process of ultrafiltration was in the range of 8.9‒19.3 mg/L. The efficiency of removal of PAHs from coke wastewater in the process of ultrafiltration equaled 66.6%. Taking into account the initial filtration, the total degree of removal of PAHs reached 85%. The obtained results indicate the possibility of using the ultrafiltration process with the initial filtration as additional process in the coke wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal urban water profiling for the assessment of environmental and public exposure to antimicrobials (antibiotics, antifungals, and antivirals) in the Eerste River Catchment, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELizabeth Holton ◽  
Edward Archer ◽  
James Fidal ◽  
Thomas Kjeldson ◽  
Gideon Wolfaardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Antibiotic Usage ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
River Catchment ◽  
Spatiotemporal Trends

Antibiotic usage, excretion, and persistence are all important factors in association with the occurrence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. Urban water profiling was utilised in the Eerste River catchment (South Africa) to establish antibiotic usage in a catchment where comprehensive prescription records were not readily available and where portions of the community did not have sufficient access to sanitation. This technique enabled the environmental exposure to be quantified throughout the catchment area and the identification of contamination hotspots. Monitoring occurred over a 10-month period. 812 samples were processed using UPLC-MS/MS for the quantitation of 56 antimicrobials and 26 of their metabolites. Spatiotemporal trends were established, with consideration to community behaviour, seasonal changes, and physiochemical properties of the analytes. The Eerste River samples collected upstream from the town of Stellenbosch had the lowest antibiotic loads (< 4 g/day), unafflicted by industrial presence and with only small impact from farming activity. This was followed by sites downstream from a treated wastewater treatment plant (serving 178K people) discharge point (influent: 500-800 g/day and effluent 50-100 g/day), which indicates a high efficiency of wastewater treatment allowing for an effective reduction of ABs and a lower environmental burden compared to the river sites receiving untreated waste from communities in informal settlements (6-12K people) that are not connected to the sewer infrastructure (with AB levels accounting for 100-600 g/day). Temporal trends exhibited reduced daily loads during the summer to early autumn. This is likely due to seasonal patterns in community health. However, weather patterns are also important to consider – particularly for the river sites. South Africa has notable rainfall and temperature seasonality. ARVs, emtricitabine and lamivudine, were the most prevalent drugs throughout the monitoring campaign, followed by tuberculosis drugs and sulfonamides. ARVs were, however, effectively reduced via wastewater treatment processes (>97%). This was also the case for beta-lactams, nitrofurantoin, and trimethoprim. The treatment efficacy for other drugs was more variable, that did not appear to have temporal significance.

Requirements and possibilities of best management practises for storm water run-off from the view of ecological townplanning

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 319-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Comprehensive System ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Total Spectrum ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Urban Water Cycle

The character of urban water cycle does not comply with the principles of sustainability. The task of restructuring the urban water cycle is to create a system which is close to a natural. The approached method for this research was to develop and demonstrate a new comprehensive system in two cities of Germany (Dortmund and Zwickau). Standardized types of settlement structure were developed in order to obtain transferable results and to portray the total spectrum of urban planning situations.

scholarly journals Comparison of ubiquitous antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae populations isolated from wastewaters, surface waters and drinking waters

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vânia Figueira ◽  
Elizabete A. Serra ◽  
Ivone Vaz-Moreira ◽  
Teresa R. S. Brandão ◽  
Célia M. Manaia
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Distinct Pattern ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Class 1

This study aimed at assessing the role of ubiquitous (non-Escherichia coli) Enterobacteriaceae in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance through the urban water cycle. Enterobacteriaceae isolated from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (111 isolates), urban water streams (33 isolates) and drinking water (123 isolates) were compared in terms of: (i) genera distribution, (ii) resistance to 12 antibiotics, and (iii) class 1 and class 2 integrons. The predominant bacterial genera were the same in the different types of water, although with a distinct pattern of species. The most prevalent resistance phenotypes were observed for amoxicillin, ticarcillin, cephalothin and sulphamethoxazole (24–59% in the three types of water). No resistance against ceftazidime or meropenem was observed. Resistance to cephalothin, amoxicillin and sulphamethoxazole was significantly more prevalent in drinking water, water streams and wastewater, respectively, than in the other types of water. It was possible to recognize antibiotic-resistance associations, namely for the pairs streptomycin–tetracycline (positive) and ticarcillin–cephalotin (negative). Class 1 and/or class 2 integrons with similar gene cassettes were detected in the three types of water. This study demonstrated that Enterobacteriaceae are important vehicles of antibiotic resistance, namely in drinking water.

scholarly journals An Urban Water Simulation Model for the Design, Testing and Economic Viability Assessment of Distributed Water Management Systems for a Circular Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
A. Liakopoulou ◽  
C. Makropoulos ◽  
D. Nikolopoulos ◽  
K. Monokrousou ◽  
G. Karakatsanis
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Plant Nursery ◽  
Water Simulation ◽  
The Eu

The concept of Circular Economy, although not entirely new, has in recent years gained traction due to growing concern with regards to the Earth’s natural reserves. In this context, Sewer Mining, a wastewater management method based on extracting wastewater from local sewers for reuse applications, presents an interesting option that lies in the interplay between reuse at a household scale and centralized reuse at a wastewater treatment plant. As part of the EU-funded program NextGenWater, a new unit is being prepared for operation in Athens’s Plant Nursery, in Goudi. This paper examines the water flow within the proposed installation, using the Urban Water Optioneering Tool (UWOT). Further research is focused on the economic viability of Sewer Mining and the proposed investment. The results produced are promising regarding Sewer Mining’s capabilities and benefits, as well as its future prospects, in the hopes that this technology can provide an attractive alternative to conventional water sources within the urban water cycle.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal urban water profiling for the assessment of environmental and public exposure to antimicrobials (antibiotics, antifungals, and antivirals) in the Eerste River Catchment, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Kasprzyk-Hordern ◽  
ELizabeth Holton ◽  
Edward Archer ◽  
James Fidal ◽  
Thomas Kjeldson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Antibiotic Usage ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
River Catchment ◽  
Spatiotemporal Trends

Antibiotic usage, excretion, and persistence are all important factors in association with the occurrence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. Urban water profiling was utilised in the Eerste River catchment (South Africa) to establish antibiotic usage in a catchment where comprehensive prescription records were not readily available and where portions of the community did not have sufficient access to sanitation. This technique enabled the environmental exposure to be quantified throughout the catchment area and the identification of contamination hotspots. Monitoring occurred over a 10-month period. 812 samples were processed using UPLC-MS/MS for the quantitation of 56 antimicrobials and 26 of their metabolites. Spatiotemporal trends were established, with consideration to community behaviour, seasonal changes, and physiochemical properties of the analytes. The Eerste River samples collected upstream from the town of Stellenbosch had the lowest antibiotic loads (< 4 g/day), unafflicted by industrial presence and with only small impact from farming activity. This was followed by sites downstream from a treated wastewater treatment plant (serving 178K people) discharge point (influent: 500-800 g/day and effluent 50-100 g/day), which indicates a high efficiency of wastewater treatment allowing for an effective reduction of ABs and a lower environmental burden compared to the river sites receiving untreated waste from communities in informal settlements (6-12K people) that are not connected to the sewer infrastructure (with AB levels accounting for 100-600 g/day). Temporal trends exhibited reduced daily loads during the summer to early autumn. This is likely due to seasonal patterns in community health. However, weather patterns are also important to consider – particularly for the river sites. South Africa has notable rainfall and temperature seasonality. ARVs, emtricitabine and lamivudine, were the most prevalent drugs throughout the monitoring campaign, followed by tuberculosis drugs and sulfonamides. ARVs were, however, effectively reduced via wastewater treatment processes (>97%). This was also the case for beta-lactams, nitrofurantoin, and trimethoprim. The treatment efficacy for other drugs was more variable, that did not appear to have temporal significance.

Effect of Wastewater on the Soil and Irrigation Process: A Laboratory Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athar Hussain ◽  
Manjeeta Priyadarshi ◽  
Saif Said ◽  
Suraj Negi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Surface Water Resources ◽  
Industrial Sewage ◽  
Concentration Levels

Most of the industrial sewage effluents used for irrigation contains heavy metals which cause toxicity to crop plants as the soils are able to accumulate heavy metal for many years. The vegetables grown for the present study were irrigated with treated wastewater brought from a nearby full-scale sewage treatment plant at different compositions along with tap water as a control. The concentration levels of the Cd, Co, Cu, Mn and Zn in the soil were found to below the toxic limits as prescribed in literature. Daily Intake Metals (DIM) values suggest that the consumption of plants grown in treated wastewater and tap water is nearly free of risks, as the dietary intake limits of Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn. The Enrichment Factor for the treated wastewater irrigated soil was found in order Zn> Ni> Pb> Cr> Cu> Co> Mn> Cd. Thus, treated wastewater can be effectively used for irrigation. This will have twofold significant environmental advantages: (1) helpful to reduce the groundwater usage for irrigation and (2) helpful to reduce the stress on surface water resources.

First Practical Experiences with Submerged Rope-Type Bio-Film Reactors for Upgrading and Nitrification

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (4-6) ◽  
pp. 825-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. Lessel
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Reactor Material ◽  
Reactor Materials ◽  
Practical Experiences ◽  
One Year ◽  
Operational Data

The upgrading and nitrification was required for the waste water treatment plant in Geiselbullach. As space for more aeration tanks was not available, the possibility of increasing the MLSS by the use of submerged bio-film reactors was tested in a half technical scale pilot plant with three different reactor materials. Each tested reactor material caused a significant increase of MLSS and the nitrification reaction. The rope-type material was selected for the practical application, as it had not the same disadvantages of the other tested systems, which proved operational problems. After one year of continuous operation for nitrification in the full scale plant the influences on the biomass characteristics were investigated. Design criterias and details and operational data are reported.

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