Comparison of in situ DGT measurement with ex situ methods for predicting cadmium bioavailability in soils with combined pollution to biotas

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 2171-2178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peifang Wang ◽  
Cui Liu ◽  
Yu Yao ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Teng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Positive Correlations

To assess the capabilities of the different techniques in predicting Cadmium (Cd) bioavailability in Cd-contaminated soils with the addition of Zn, one in situ technique (diffusive gradients in thin films; DGT) was compared with soil solution concentration and four widely used single-step extraction methods (acetic acid, EDTA, sodium acetate and CaCl2). Wheat and maize were selected as tested species. The results demonstrated that single Cd-polluted soils inhibited the growth of wheat and maize significantly compared with control plants; the shoot and root biomasses of the plants both dropped significantly (P < 0.05). The addition of Zn exhibited a strong antagonism to the physiological toxicity induced by Cd. The Pearson correlation coefficient presented positive correlations (P < 0.01, R > 0.9) between Cd concentrations in two plants and Cd bioavailability indicated by each method in soils. Consequently, the results indicated that the DGT technique could be regarded as a good predictor of Cd bioavailability to plants, comparable to soil solution concentration and the four single-step extraction methods. Because the DGT technique can offer in situ data, it is expected to be widely used in more areas.

Real-Time Analysis Of In-Situ Spectroscopic Ellipsometric Data During Mbe Growth Of III-V Semiconductors

1991 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Johs ◽  
J. L. Edwards ◽  
K. T. Shiralagi ◽  
R. Droopad ◽  
K. Y. Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Optical Constants ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Time Analysis ◽  
Mbe Growth ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Real Time Analysis

ABSTRACTA modular spectroscopic ellipsometer, capable of both in-situ and ex-situ operation, has been used to measure important growth parameters of GaAs/AIGaAs structures. The ex-situ measurements provided layer thicknesses and compositions of the grown structures. In-situ ellipsometric measurements allowed the determination of growth rates, layer thicknesses, and high temperature optical constants. By performing a regression analysis of the in-situ data in real-time, the thickness and composition of an AIGaAs layer were extracted during the MBE growth of the structure.

scholarly journals Use of Global Reanalysis Data in the Study of the Aridity Index in the Magdalena-Cauca Macro-Basin, Colombia

10.29007/92l9 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Vega-Viviescas ◽  
David A. Zamora ◽  
Erasmo A. Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Aridity Index ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Global Reanalysis

The Magdalena-Cauca macro-basin (MCMB) in Colombia, by its tropical location, annually experiences the effects of movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, and it is highly affected by interannual macro-climatic phenomena, such as El Niño– Southern Oscillation (ENSO). With the aim of increasing the use of global reanalysis and remote sensing data for supporting water management decisions at the watershed scale and within the framework of the eartH2Observe research project, the aridity index (AI) was calculated with three different data sources. Precipitation products and AI results were compared with their corresponding in-situ national official data. The comparison shows high correlations between the AI derived from observed data and AI obtained from the reanalysis, with Pearson correlation coefficients above 0.8 for two of the products investigated. This shows the importance of using global reanalysis data in water availability studies on a regional scale for the MCMB and the potential of this information in others macrobasins in Colombia including the Orinoquia and Amazon regions, where in-situ data is scarce.

scholarly journals Soil Bioremediation: Overview of Technologies and Trends

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4664
Author(s):  
Israel Gonçalves Sales da Silva ◽  
Fabíola Carolina Gomes de Almeida ◽  
Nathália Maria Padilha da Rocha e Silva ◽  
Alessandro Alberto Casazza ◽  
Attilio Converti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Soil Bioremediation ◽  
Application Of Surfactants ◽  
Agricultural Pesticides ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Microbiological Characteristics ◽  
Extent Of Damage

Petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals and agricultural pesticides have mutagenic, carcinogenic, immunotoxic and teratogenic effects and cause drastic changes in soil physicochemical and microbiological characteristics, thereby representing a serious danger to health and environment. Therefore, soil pollution urgently requires the application of a series of physicochemical and biological techniques and treatments to minimize the extent of damage. Among them, bioremediation has been shown to be an alternative that can offer an economically viable way to restore polluted areas. Due to the difficulty in choosing the best bioremediation technique for each type of pollutant and the paucity of literature on soil bioremediation enhanced by the use of specific additives, we reviewed the main in situ and ex situ methods, their current properties and applications. The first section discusses the characteristics of each class of pollutants in detail, while the second section presents current bioremediation technologies and their main uses, followed by a comparative analysis showing their respective advantages and disadvantages. Finally, we address the application of surfactants and biosurfactants as well as the main trends in the bioremediation of contaminated soils.

scholarly journals Coupling of Anodic Oxidation and Soil Remediation Processes: A Review

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 4309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maiara Barbosa Ferreira ◽  
Aline Maria Sales Solano ◽  
Elisama Vieira dos Santos ◽  
Carlos A. Martínez-Huitle ◽  
Soliu O. Ganiyu
Keyword(s):  
Anodic Oxidation ◽  
Soil Remediation ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Soil Washing ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Combined Processes ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Efficient Coupling ◽  
Remediation Process

In recent years, due to industrial modernization and agricultural mechanization, several environmental consequences have been observed, which make sustainable development difficult. Soil, as an important component of ecosystem and a key resource for the survival of human and animals, has been under constant contamination from different human activities. Contaminated soils and sites require remediation not only because of the hazardous threat it possess to the environment but also due to the shortage of fresh land for both agriculture and urbanization. Combined or coupled remediation technologies are one of the efficient processes for the treatment of contaminated soils. In these technologies, two or more soil remediation techniques are applied simultaneously or sequentially, in which one technique complements the other, making the treatment very efficient. Coupling anodic oxidation (AO) and soil remediation for the treatment of soil contaminated with organics has been studied via two configurations: (i) soil remediation, ex situ AO, where AO is used as a post-treatment stage for the treatment of effluents from soil remediation process and (ii) soil remediation, in situ AO, where both processes are applied simultaneously. The former is the most widely investigated configuration of the combined processes, while the latter is less common due to the greater diffusion dependency of AO as an electrode process. In this review, the concept of soil washing (SW)/soil flushing (SF) and electrokinetic as soil remediation techniques are briefly explained followed by a discussion of different configurations of combined AO and soil remediation.

scholarly journals Combining Remote Sensing with Webdata and Machine Learning to Support Humanitarian Relief Work

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Kersten ◽  
Malin Kopitzsch ◽  
Jan Bongard ◽  
Friederike Klan
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Information Overload ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Crisis Response ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Information Gaps

<p>Gathering, analyzing and disseminating up-to-date information related to incidents and disasters is key to disaster management and relief. Satellite imagery, geo-information, and in-situ data are the mainly used information sources to support decision making. However, limitations in data timeliness as well as in spatial and temporal resolution lead to systematic information gaps in current well-established satellite-based workflows. Citizen observations spread through social media channels, like Twitter, as well as freely available webdata, like WikiData or the GDELT database, are promising complementary sources of relevant information that might be utilized to fill these information gaps and to support in-situ data acquisition. Practical examples for this are impact assessments based on social media eyewitness reports, and the utilization of this information for the early tasking of satellite or drone-based image acquisitions.</p><p>The great potential, for instance of social media data analysis in crisis response, was investigated and demonstrated in various related research works. However, the barriers of utilizing webdata and appropriate information extraction methods for decision support in real-world scenarios are still high, for instance due to information overload, varying surrounding conditions, or issues related to limited field work infrastructures, trustworthiness, and legal aspects.</p><p>Within the current DLR research project "Data4Human", demand driven data services for humanitarian aid are developed. Among others, one project goal is to investigate the practical benefit of augmenting existing workflows of the involved partners (German Red Cross, World Food Programme, and Humanitarian Open Street Map) with social media (Twitter) and real-time global event database (GDELT) data. In this contribution, the general concepts, ideas and corresponding methods for webdata analysis are presented. State-of-the-art deep learning models are utilized to filter, classify and cluster the data to automatically identify potentially crisis-related data, to assess impacts, and to summarize and characterize the course of events, respectively. We present first practical findings and analysis results for the 2019 cyclones Idai and Kenneth.</p>

scholarly journals Biopile to Treat Oil-Contaminated Soils: Some Brazilian Experiance

2017 ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Marcia Marques ◽  
Jorge Antonio Lopes ◽  
Marcelo Alarsa ◽  
Marcos F. Ferrari ◽  
Graciane Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Growing Economy ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Technological Options

Remediation of soils contaminated with petroleum and its products became a major issue in all regions of the world where on-shore and off-shore exploitation, refining transportation and storage of these products are carried out intensively. Many techniques for remediation of contaminated areas have been developed and tested during decades, being bioremediation both in-situ and ex-situ tow of the available options that require further development, which are currently capturing the attention of different sectors involved with the problem in Brazil. This paper presents the historical perspective of the increasing problem that initially appeared in the most traditional industrialized countries and currently has been intensified in countries with growing economy and technological development such as Brazil. Technological options for remediating the areas, variables relevant to the cleaning process, as well as the most recent trends in Brazil regarding the use of different techniques, with focus on biopiles are briefly presented.

scholarly journals Modern environmental technologies of healthy soils contaminated by heavy metals and radionuclides

2020 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 01007
Author(s):  
Vasyl Savosko ◽  
Aleksandr Podolyak ◽  
Irina Komarova ◽  
Aleksey Karpenko
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Soil Restoration ◽  
Mission Strategy ◽  
Environmental Technologies

Object of research: to systematize (taking into account the possible consequences to biosphere) the known technologies for ecological restoration of soils contaminated by heavy metals and radionuclides. Only a healing technology should be recognized as one possible methodology for solving any soil problems. For soils contaminated by heavy metals and radionuclides healing patterns is conceptually ordered into the following levels: mission, strategy, technology. The mission of healthy soil should be aimed at maintaining the chemical elements content within the optimum interval. The strategy of healthy soil involves the regulation of individual elements content in the soil. Ex-situ a soil healing technology is implemented outside the original pollution site. In-situ, a soil healing technology is carried out directly on the original pollution site. Excavation of the contaminated soil layer is the first stage for ex-situ soil restoration. In the future it will be possible: 1) storage of contaminated soil at special landfills, 2) treatment of contaminated soil at a special reactor. All technologies for in-situ healthy of heavy metals contaminated soils can be ordered as: 1) localization, 2) deconcentration, 3) inactivation, 4) extraction.

scholarly journals Ex situ and in situ data for endangered livestock breeds in Spain

Data in Brief ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 106805
Author(s):  
Rafael De Oliveira Silva ◽  
Oscar Cortes Gardyn ◽  
Sipke-Joost Hiemstra ◽  
Joao G. Oliveira Marques ◽  
Michèle Tixier-Boichard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Situ ◽  
In Situ Data

scholarly journals Remediation of the Serbian soils contaminated by radionuclides in the function of the sustainable development

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Stojanovic ◽  
M. Grubisic ◽  
D. Stevanovic ◽  
J. Milojkovic ◽  
D. Iles
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Large Area ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Uranium Phosphate ◽  
Natural Apatite

Phosphate-induced metal stabilization (PIMS) using apatite stabilizes uranium in situ, by chemically binding it into the new low-solubility (Ksp=10-49) phase. Uranium-phosphate-autunite is stable across a wide range of geological conditions for millions of years. A large area of contaminated soil is suitable for in situ remediation that involves minimizing the mobility of the uranium. Laboratory study was conducted to quantify different forms of apatite sequestration of uranium contaminant. The experiment was done with natural phosphate from Lisina deposit (14.43 % P2O5), with non-treated samples, phosphate concentrate samples with 34.95 % P2O5 and mechanochemically activated of natural apatite. Different concentration of P2O5 in apatite, pH, reaction time, solid/liquid ratio was investigated. The concentrate at pH 5.5 for 7 days sorbed around 93,64 % and nature apatite, with 14,43 % P2O5, for 30 days sorbed 94.54 % of the uranium from the water solution, concentration 100 ?g U/ml. The results show that mineral apatite 'Lisina' is very effective for the treatment of contaminated soils in situ immobilization of U. Mechanochemical activation of natural apatite in vibration mill immobilized 85.37 % of uranium in the 7-day period of acting. This research on natural apatite from the deposit 'Lisina' for immobilization of uranium was the first one of this type in our country.

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