scholarly journals Development of hydrophilic GO-ZnO/PES membranes for treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. T. Mahlangu ◽  
R. Nackaerts ◽  
B. B. Mamba ◽  
A. R. D. Verliefde
Keyword(s):  
Phase Inversion ◽  
Hydrophobic Interactions ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Pharmaceutical Wastewater ◽  
Trace Organic Compounds ◽  
Membrane Performance ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Synthesis Approach

Membrane application in water reclamation is challenged by fouling which deteriorates membrane performance in terms of permeate flux and solute rejection. Several studies focusing on antifouling membranes incorporated with nanoparticles have been carried out, but these membranes are not yet a viable solution due to their high energy requirements and inability to completely remove or degrade trace organic compounds (TOrCs). Therefore, this study aims at fabricating polyethersulfone (PES) membranes for treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater by using a unique membrane synthesis approach. PES membranes were synthesised by casting two different solutions before coagulation. Therefore, the synthesis technique was called ‘double-casting phase inversion’. The membranes were impregnated with nanohybrid graphene oxide-zinc oxide (GO-ZnO) to increase their hydrophilicity, rejection of pharmaceuticals (by decreasing membrane-solute hydrophobic interactions), resistance to organic fouling and photodegradation properties. The addition of GO-ZnO increased membrane hydrophilicity and pure water permeability. The rejection of TOrCs and anti-fouling properties were also improved due to a reduction in membrane-solute and membrane-foulant hydrophobic interactions, respectively. In addition to improved TOrC rejection properties and resistance to fouling, GO-ZnO/PES membranes degraded Brilliant Black.

Fabrication of the narrow size nano curcuminoids emulsion by combining phase inversion temperature and ultrasonication: preparation and bioactivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quang Hieu Tran ◽  
Thuy Thanh Ho ◽  
Tu Thanh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Method ◽  
Phase Inversion ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Inversion Temperature ◽  
Comprehensive Study ◽  
Phase Inversion Temperature

A comprehensive study from Curcuma longa to powder nano curcuminoids has been carried out. Combining of both low energy method (Phase Inversion Temperature) and high-energy method (Ultrasonication), a series of...

THE FEASIBILITY OF KAOLIN AS MAIN MATERIAL FOR LOW COST POROUS CERAMIC HOLLOW FIBRE MEMBRANE PREPARED USING COMBINED PHASE INVERSION AND SINTERING TECHNIQUE

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Khadijah Hubadillah ◽  
Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman ◽  
A. F. Ismail ◽  
Mukhlis A. Rahman ◽  
Juhana Jaafar
Keyword(s):  
Phase Inversion ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Hollow Fibre ◽  
Hollow Fibre Membrane ◽  
Fibre Membrane ◽  
Pure Water Flux ◽  
And Performance

Ceramic hollow fibre membrane (CHFM) demonstrated superior characteristics and performance in any separation application. The only problem associated with this kind of technology is the high cost. In order to effectively fabricate and produce low cost porous CHFM, a series of CHFMs made of kaolin were fabricated via combined phase inversion and sintering technique. The CHFMs from kaolin named as kaolin hollow fibre membranes (KHFMs) were studied at different kaolin contents of 35 wt.%, 37.5 wt.% and 40 wt.% sintered at 1200ºC. The result indicated that by varying kaolin contents, different morphologies were obtained due to changes in the viscosity of ceramic suspension containing kaolin. The optimum kaolin content for KHFM was identified. It was found that KHFM prepared at 37.5 wt% has a mechanical strength and pure water flux of A and B respectively.  

Biological treatment of wastewater from fruit juice production using a membrane bioreactor: parameters limiting membrane performance

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 253-259
Author(s):  
C. Blöcher ◽  
T. Britz ◽  
H.D. Janke ◽  
H. Chmiel
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Produce Water ◽  
Membrane Performance ◽  
Test Operation

The application of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) was investigated to treat polluted process water from fruit juice processing. The aim was either direct discharge or further treatment by nanofiltration/low pressure reverse osmosis to produce water of drinking quality. The results of a one-year test operation of the process in industrial scale at a fruit juice production plant are presented. Focus was centred on the influence of activated sludge characteristics on membrane performance. Under the operating conditions in place, neither solids content, particle size distribution nor addition of nutrient significantly affected the permeate flux which was considerably lower than expected (based on municipal wastewater treatment with MBRs). Instead, evidence was obtained that the insufficient permeate flux was most likely due to the high content of extracellular polymeric substances. However, it was impossible to relate in detail the substantial flux variations during the test run to AS characteristics or changes in microbial population.

scholarly journals Treatment of Synthetic Produced Water using Hybrid Membrane Processes

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Chin ◽  
S. O. Lai ◽  
K. C. Chong ◽  
S. S. Lee ◽  
C. H. Koo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Oil Removal ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Uf Membranes ◽  
Pes Membrane

The study was concerned with the treatment of tank dewatering produced water using hybrid microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) processes. The pre-treatment MF membrane was fabricated with polyethersulfone (PES), n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The UF membranes meanwhile contained additional component, i.e., titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles in the range of zero to 1.0 wt.%. The membrane performances were analysed with respect to permeate flux, oil removal and flux recovery ratio. An increase in TiO2 nanoparticles enhanced the pore formation, porosity and pure water permeability due to improved hydrophilicity. The permeate flux of UF membranes increased with the increase of TiO2 nanoparticles and pressure. The oil removal rate by MF process was only 52.35%, whereas the oil rejection efficiency was between 82.34% and 95.71% for UF process. It should be highlighted that the overall oil removal rate could achieve as high as 97.96%. Based on the results, the PES membrane incorporated with 1.0 wt.% TiO2 was proved to be the most promising membrane at a transmembrane pressure of 3 bar. Although 1.0 M NaOH solution could be used as cleaning agent to recover membrane water flux, it is not capable of achieving good results as only 52.18% recovery rate was obtained.

scholarly journals Fabrication and Performance Evaluation of Integrated Solar-Driven Membrane Distillation System with Serpentine-shape of Flat Plate Solar Collector for Seawater Desalination

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. H. M. Hanoin ◽  
N. S. Mohammed ◽  
M. A. I. Z. Arris ◽  
A. I. A. Bakar ◽  
N. M. Mokhtar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Flat Plate ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
The Self ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Salt Rejection ◽  
Flat Plate Solar Collector

Solar-powered membrane distillation (SPMD) system has gained its popularity in desalination application for past decade credit to the system efficiency in producing pure water and the utilization of renewable energy. However, most of the past SPMD works used commercial solar thermal collector (STC) as the thermal energy supply to the feed solution and the study only focused on the performance of the system in terms of flux and salt rejection. In this work, a self-made flat plate solar collector (FPSC) with the serpentine-shape pipe was designed and fabricated to study the effect of the STC towards the membrane performance. Before testing, a simulation work of the fluid flow inside the serpentine-shape pipe of the FPSC was analyzed using NX 10.0 computer-aided design simulation. After that, the efficiency of the self-made FPSC system was tested directly to sunlight in order to identify the maximum irradiance and the temperature of the feed solution. Due to the fluctuation of solar irradiance, the experimental setup of the SPMD system was tested using a solar simulator, and the performance was compared with the membrane distillation (MD) system without integration with FPSC system. Based on the simulation data, it can be concluded that the heat losses across the pipe are due to the slower fluid velocity and sudden pressure drop, which attributed to centripetal force and pressure differences. Meanwhile, the outdoor evaluation data showed that the temperatures of collector and water inside the feed tank could reach up to 84°C and 64°C, respectively when the maximum irradiance of 938 W/m2 was applied. For the performance evaluation between with and without the self-made FPSC system, it can be seen that only marginal difference can be observed for the permeate flux and salt rejection with an average difference of 6.06% and 1.29%, respectively.

The new concept of flux enhancement during cell separation with MF/UF processes

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 381-386
Author(s):  
A. Kołtuniewicz
Keyword(s):  
Cell Separation ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Flux Enhancement ◽  
Flow Systems

The microfiltration and ultrafiltration processes are considered as matured membrane processes that are well established in industrial practice. Nevertheless, the main obstacles of their further development in the new competitive implementations are the economical problems. The key economic factors are permeate flux and energy consumption. However, although the cross-flow systems enable us to attain higher flux, it is usually very expensive. The high energy is consumed to maintain circulation velocity of the retentate that is sufficient for sweeping out the retained component from the membrane surface. Moreover in the case of cells separation the high intensity of the fouling and low cake permeability makes it necessary to apply additional efforts, such as backflushing, backpulsing, promoters of turbulence, vibrations, ultrasounds and many other. Therefore, dead-end systems are still quite competitive with cross-flow, especially for diluted (less than 0.5% of dry mass) suspensions or solutions. Cell separation with membranes is one of the most vivid problems for modern biotechnology, wastewater and water treatment. Membranes offer mild process conditions and high selectivity of separation. This enables us to solve a variety of problems such as cell culturing, fractionation, concentration, purification and sterilisation. The selected cells may be precisely separated from other components of broth and subsequently directed into the reaction space again in good conditions to ensure a quasi-continuous mode of operation. Moreover, membranes enable us to attain high efficiency of the bioconversion by removal of all product and inhibitors directly from the bioreactor. This is the reason for the huge interest in cell separation with membranes. The idea of the paper was to present the new concept of flux enhancement for cell separation on membranes. This concept lies in taking advantage of the specific rheological nature of biopolymers, which are the main foulants. The biopolymers retained on the membrane surface (i.e. on the top layer) can be applied as a lubricant for the cells that can settle on such a ‘movable layer’. As is shown, further in the paper, the thickness of the moving layer is lower and the flux is greater. The common movement of the cells and gel layer is very convenient from the cells integrity point of view. However the hydrodynamic conditions always play an important role in cross-flow systems; the resistance of ultrafiltration membranes may be reduced much more when compared with more open microfiltration membranes.

scholarly journals Low-Pressure Membrane for Water Treatment Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Huda AlFannakh ◽  
Heba Abdallah ◽  
S. S. Ibrahim ◽  
Basma Souayeh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Membrane Performance ◽  
Polyethersulfone Membrane ◽  
Contaminated Drinking Water

Three ultrafiltration membranes were prepared using phase separation techniques. The membranes were characterized by scan electron microscope, porosity, pore size distribution measurement, and mechanical properties. The membrane performance was carried out using synthetic solutions from humic acid and tap water to express the contaminated drinking water. The polyvinylidene difluoride (M2) has the highest tensile strength 33.2 MPa with elongation of 52.3%, while polyacrylonitrile (M3) has the lowest mechanical properties, tensile strength 16.4 MPa with elongation of 42.7%. Polyethersulfone membrane (M1) provides the highest removal of humic acid, which was 99.5, 98.8, and 98.2% using feed concentrations 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 g/l, respectively, while M3 provides the highest permeate flux which was 250, 234.4, and 201.4 l/m2 h using feed concentrations 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 g/l, respectively. Analysis of water samples indicates that the prepared membranes can be used to treat the contaminated drinking water which produced the high quality of drinking water after treatment.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of a High Flux Nanocellulose–Cellulose Acetate Nanocomposite Membrane

Membranes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Li ◽  
Jackie Zheng ◽  
Pejman Hadi ◽  
Mengying Yang ◽  
Xiangyu Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Membrane Resistance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Membrane Performance ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Membrane Flux

Despite the advantages of membrane processes, their high energy requirement remains a major challenge. Fabrication of nanocomposite membranes by incorporating various nanomaterials in the polymer matrix has shown promise for enhancing membrane flux. In this study, we embed functionalized cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) with high aspect ratios in the polymer matrix to create hydrophilic nanochannels that reduce membrane resistance and facilitate the facile transport of water molecules through the membrane. The results showed that the incorporation of 0.1 wt % CNF into the polymer matrix did not change the membrane flux (~15 L · m − 2 · h − 1 ) and Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) Fraction V rejection, while increasing the CNF content to 0.3 wt % significantly enhanced the flux by seven times to ~100 L · m − 2 · h − 1 , but the rejection was decreased to 60–70%. Such a change in membrane performance was due to the formation of hydrophilic nanochannels by the incorporation of CNF (corroborated by the SEM images), decreasing the membrane resistance, and thus enhancing the flux. When the concentration of the CNF in the membrane matrix was further increased to 0.6 wt %, no further increase in the membrane flux was observed, however, the BSA rejection was found to increase to 85%. Such an increase in the rejection was related to the electrostatic repulsion between the negatively-charged CNF-loaded nanochannels and the BSA, as demonstrated by zeta potential measurements. SEM images showed the bridging effect of the CNF in the nanochannels with high CNF contents.

Structure Morphology of Polyethersulfone Hollow Fiber Membrane via Immersion Precipitation Phase Inversion Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 152-154 ◽  
pp. 574-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Lan ◽  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Hollow Fiber ◽  
Phase Inversion ◽  
Hollow Fiber Membrane ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Additive Concentration ◽  
Hollow Fiber Membranes ◽  
Fiber Membrane ◽  
Fiber Membranes ◽  
And Performance

Polyethersulfone (PES) hollow fiber membranes have been widely used in many fields, such as ultrafiltration, microfiltration, reverse osmosis, liquid/liquid or liquid/solid separation, gas separation, hemodialysis, and so on. In this paper, the sheet PES hollow fiber membranes were prepared. The morphology and performance of membranes can be controlled. By studying the influence of the compositions and conditions on the morphology and performance of PES hollow fiber membrane, the relationship of morphology and performance of the membrane is acquired. The additives were used such as glycerol, BuOH and PEG. In addition, immerse phase inversion was used as membranes preparation method. The morphology of the membrane was controlled by changing kinds of additive, concentration of additive and so on. It was found that the membrane morphologies were changed by additive obviously. Porosity , pure water flux, scanning electron microscopy(SEM) were used to characterize the morphology and performance of the membranes.

scholarly journals Synthesis, characterization and filtration performance of the polyvinylidene fluoride membrane modified by poly(methyl ethacrylate-co-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid)

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1279-1285
Author(s):  
Q. Y. Zhang ◽  
Q. An ◽  
Y. G. Guo ◽  
J. Zhang ◽  
K. Y. Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Phase Inversion ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Fouling Resistance ◽  
Inversion Process ◽  
Pvdf Membrane ◽  
Pure Water Flux

Abstract To enhance the anti-fouling and separating properties of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes, an amphiphilic copolymer of methyl methacrylate and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, poly(MMA-co-AMPS), was designed and synthesized. Through a phase-inversion process, the poly(MMA-co-AMPS) were fully dispersed in the PVDF membrane. The properties of membrane including the surface and cross-section morphology, surface wettability and fouling resistance under different pH solutions were investigated. Compared to the unmodified PVDF membranes, the contact angles of modified PVDF membranes decreased from 80.6° to 71.6°, and the pure water flux increased from 54 to 71 L·m−2·h−1. In addition, the hybrid PVDF membrane containing 0.5 wt% copolymers demonstrated an larger permeability, better fouling resistance and higher recovery ratio via pure water backlashing, when it was compared with the other blend membranes, and the virgin one in the cyclic test of anti-fouling. The modified membranes with the copolymers possessed an outstanding performance and may be used for further water treatment applications.

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