Investigation of effectiveness of pyrolysis products on removal of alizarin yellow GG from aqueous solution: a comparative study with commercial activated carbon

Abstract The increasing use of dyestuff in industrial applications brings with it environmental problems. These dyes, which are an eco-toxic hazard, are common water pollutants, even at very low concentrations in water resources. Therefore, they must be removed in an economical way. In this study, low-cost biosorbents such as pine cone char, walnut shell char, and hazelnut shell char were prepared by pyrolysis process at different carbonization temperatures in the range of 400–700 °C. Biochars with the highest surface area were used to remove alizarin yellow GG from aqueous solution and the adsorption capacities of these materials were compared to commercially available activated carbon. Biomasses and prepared biochars were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric/differential thermogravimetry analysis, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, partial and elemental analysis techniques. Operational parameters such as contact time, temperature, pH, adsorbent dosage, and initial dye concentration were considered as variables for the batch adsorption experiments. Among the biochars used, the highest adsorption efficiency (82%) was obtained in pine cone char (BET surface area 259.74 m2/g) at pH = 3, T = 45 °C, adsorbent dosage of 8 g/L, and initial dye concentration of 20 ppm. The adsorption mechanism has been investigated by applying different kinetic and isotherm models with the aid of time-dependent adsorption data. The adsorption process was best described by Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second order kinetic model.

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Adsorption of cadmium by biochar produced from pyrolysis of corn stalk in aqueous solution

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2016.319 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 74 (6) ◽

pp. 1335-1345 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Fengfeng Ma ◽

Baowei Zhao ◽

Jingru Diao

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Particle Size ◽

Ionic Strength ◽

Ph Value ◽

Batch Adsorption ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Corn Stalk ◽

Adsorbent Dosage ◽

Initial Ph ◽

Adsorbent Particle

The purpose of this work is to investigate adsorption characteristic of corn stalk (CS) biochar for removal of cadmium ions (Cd2+) from aqueous solution. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of pH value of solution, adsorbent particle size, adsorbent dosage, and ionic strength of solution on the adsorption of Cd2+ onto biochar that was pyrolytically produced from CS at 300 °C. The results showed that the initial pH value of solution played an important role in adsorption. The adsorptive amount of Cd2+ onto the biochar decreased with increasing the adsorbent dosage, adsorbent particle size, and ionic strength, while it increased with increasing the initial pH value of solution and temperature. Cd2+ was removed efficiently and quickly from aqueous solutions by the biochar with a maximum capacity of 33.94 mg/g. The adsorption process was well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model with the correlation coefficients greater than 0.986. The adsorption isotherm could be well fitted by the Langmuir model. The thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption of Cd2+ onto the biochar was a spontaneous and exothermic process. The results indicate that CS biochar can be considered as an efficient adsorbent.

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Adsorption and desorption studies of <i>Delonix regia</i> pods and leaves: removal and recovery of Ni(II) and Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution

Drinking Water Engineering and Science ◽

10.5194/dwes-13-15-2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 15-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bolanle M. Babalola ◽

Adegoke O. Babalola ◽

Cecilia O. Akintayo ◽

Olayide S. Lawal ◽

Sunday F. Abimbade ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Metal Ions ◽

Metal Ion ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Waste Product ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Batch Adsorption ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Adsorbent Dosage ◽

Delonix Regia

Abstract. In this study, the adsorption of Ni(II) and Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions by powdered Delonix regia pods and leaves was investigated using batch adsorption techniques. The effects of operating conditions such as pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, metal ion concentration and the presence of sodium ions interfering with the sorption process were investigated. The results obtained showed that equilibrium sorption was attained within 30 min of interaction, and an increase in the initial concentration of the adsorbate, pH and adsorbent dosage led to an increase in the amount of Ni(II) and Cu(II) ions adsorbed. The adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model for all metal ions' sorption. The equilibrium data fitted well with both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms; the monolayer adsorption capacity (Q0 mg g−1) of the Delonix regia pods and leaves was 5.88 and 5.77 mg g−1 for Ni(II) ions respectively and 9.12 and 9.01 mg g−1 for Cu(II) ions respectively. The efficiency of the powdered pods and leaves of Delonix regia with respect to the removal of Ni(II) and Cu(II) ions was greater than 80 %, except for the sorption of Ni(II) ions onto the leaves. The desorption study revealed that the percentage of metal ions recovered from the pods was higher than that recovered from the leaves at various nitric acid concentrations. This study proves that Delonix regia biomass, an agricultural waste product (“agro-waste”), could be used to remove Ni(II) and Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution.

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Removal of crystal violet dye by a novel adsorbent derived from waste active sludge used in wastewater treatment

Water Quality Research Journal ◽

10.2166/wqrj.2019.049 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 299-308 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Deniz Akin Sahbaz ◽

Sahra Dandil ◽

Caglayan Acikgoz

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Crystal Violet ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Optimum Level ◽

High Porosity ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Active Sludge ◽

Adsorbent Dosage

Abstract This study dealt with preparation of the activated carbon derived from active sludge as an adsorbent for the adsorption of crystal violet (CV) from aqueous solution. The waste active sludge was activated chemically with KOH and carbonized to get activated carbon with a large surface area and a high porosity. The activated carbon was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) instrument, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Adsorption of CV from aqueous solution onto the activated carbon was investigated under varying conditions, such as adsorbent dosage (1–6 g/L), solution pH (4–9), contact time period (0–150 min), initial dye concentration (20–100 mg/L), and temperature (25–55 °C). 4.0 g/L of adsorbent dosage was chosen as the optimum level due to having a high removal rate (96.2%) (initial CV concentration 60 mg/L; 150 rpm; pH 6; 25 °C). The adsorption kinetic and adsorption isotherms were well described by the pseudo second order kinetic and the Freundlich isotherm model, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption is a spontaneous process and favored at higher temperatures. The results show that the activated carbon derived from active sludge could be employed as a low-cost material for the removal of CV dye.

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Removal of amoxicillin from aqueous solution using sludge-based activated carbon modified by walnut shell and nano-titanium dioxide

Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination ◽

10.2166/wrd.2020.162 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaorong Kang ◽

Yali Liu ◽

Can Yang ◽

Han Cheng

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Adsorption Process ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Total Pore Volume ◽

Raw Material ◽

Walnut Shell ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Nano Titanium Dioxide

Abstract Dewatered municipal sludge was used as raw material to prepare activated carbon (SAC), and the SAC was modified by walnut shell and nano-titanium dioxide (MSAC). The results showed that the MSAC had a higher specific surface area (SBET) (279.147 m2/g) and total pore volume (VT) (0.324 cm3/g) than the SAC. Simultaneously, the functional groups such as C-O, C = O, and Ti-O-Ti on the surface of MSAC were enhanced due to modification. These physicochemical properties provided prerequisites for the diffusion and degradation of pollutants in MSAC. Furthermore, the MSAC was applied to adsorb amoxicillin (AMX) from aqueous solution, in batch experiments, the maximum removal rate (88.19%) was observed at an initial AMX concentration of 30 mg/L, MSAC dosage of 5.0 g/L, pH of 8, contact time of 180 min, and temperature of 25 °C. In addition, the adsorption process was well described by the Freundlich isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating that the adsorption of AMX onto MSAC was dominated by multilayer chemisorption. Also, the adsorption thermodynamics suggested that the adsorption process of AMX onto MSAC was endothermic, feasible and spontaneous.

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Cd(II) removal on surface-modified activated carbon: equilibrium, kinetics and mechanism

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2016.338 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 74 (8) ◽

pp. 1800-1808 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jianjun Liang ◽

Meiling Liu ◽

Yufei Zhang

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Orthogonal Experiment ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

Bet Surface Area ◽

Batch Adsorption ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Modified Activated Carbon ◽

Surface Modified

Commercial pulverous activated carbon (AC-0) was modified through two steps: oxidize AC-0 acid firstly, impregnate it with iron using ferric chloride secondly. Orthogonal experiment was conducted then to prepare modified activated carbon with high Cd(II) adsorption capacity (ACNF). Batch adsorption experiments were undertaken to determine the adsorption characteristics of Cd(II) from aqueous solution onto AC-0 and ACNF and the effect of pH, contact time and initial Cd(II) concentration. The results indicate that: the adsorption behavior of Cd(II) on ACNF can be well fitted with Langmuir model, and the maximum adsorption capacity of ACNF was 2.3 times higher than that of AC-0, supporting a monolayer coverage of Cd(II) on the surface. The kinetics of the adsorption process can be described by pseudo-second-order rate equation very well, and the adsorption capacity increased from 0.810 mg/g to 0.960 mg/g after modification. Compared with AC-0, the kinetic parameters of ACNF showed a higher adsorption rate through the aqueous solution to the solid surface and a lower intraparticle diffusion rate. Surface modification resulted in a lower Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area and pore size because of the collapse and blockage of pores, according to the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, while the total number of surface oxygen acid groups increased, and this was supposed to contribute to the enhanced adsorption capacity of modified activated carbon.

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Adsorption of Malachite Green Dye onto Mesoporous Natural Inorganic Clays: Their Equilibrium Isotherm and Kinetics Studies

Water ◽

10.3390/w13070965 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 965

Author(s):

Sami Ullah ◽

Altaf Ur Ur Rahman ◽

Fida Ullah ◽

Abdur Rashid ◽

Tausif Arshad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Surface Area ◽

Malachite Green ◽

Langmuir Isotherm ◽

Adsorption Behavior ◽

Area Measurement ◽

Batch Adsorption ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Operational Parameters ◽

X Ray

Contamination of water with organic dyes is a major environmental concern as it causes serious life-threatening environmental problems. The present research was designed to evaluate the potential of three different natural inorganic clays (NICs) i.e., Pakistani bentonite clay (PB), bentonite purchased from Alfa Aesar (BT), and Turkish red mud (RM) for malachite green (MG) dye removal from an aqueous solution. Various analytical techniques, namely X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area measurement (BET), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), were used to investigate the physicochemical properties of the NICs samples. The effect of adsorption operational parameters such as contact time, aqueous phase pH, dye concentration, and amount of NICs on the adsorption behavior of MG onto NICs samples were investigated under the batch adsorption system. The equilibrium and kinetic inspection reflected the best description of MG adsorption behavior by the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-first-order kinetic model, respectively. The results indicated that the adsorption was favorable at higher pH. The maximum adsorption capacities calculated by Langmuir isotherm for PB, BT, and RM were found to be 243.90 mg/g, 188.68 mg/g, and 172.41 mg/g, respectively. It can be concluded that natural inorganic clays with a higher surface area can be used as an effective adsorbent material to remove the MG dye from an aqueous solution.

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Removal of phosphate from aqueous solution by sewage sludge-based activated carbon loaded with pyrolusite

Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination ◽

10.2166/wrd.2017.054 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 192-201 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Sicong Yao ◽

Meicheng Wang ◽

Jilong Liu ◽

Shuxiong Tang ◽

Hengli Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Sewage Sludge ◽

Activated Carbons ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Chemical Activation ◽

Phosphate Removal ◽

Bet Surface Area ◽

Phosphate Adsorption ◽

Order Kinetic

Abstract Activated carbons were prepared from sewage sludge by chemical activation with pyrolusite (PAC) to develop an efficient adsorbent for phosphate removal from aqueous solution. One percent (wt.) pyrolusite addition was proved to have an important effect on pore formation of the produced carbon. PAC showed 17.06% larger Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area than the sewage sludge-based activated carbon without modification (SAC). The adsorption results showed that the phosphate removal by PAC was 13% higher than SAC's. The adsorption experiments also showed that PAC had very good performance with high phosphate removal rate (ca. 90%) in a wide pH range (pH = 4–8), and could be stable after 30 min reaction. Adsorption isotherm and kinetics studies demonstrated that phosphate adsorption onto the modified adsorbent was well fitted by the Langmuir isotherm and could be described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The modified sewage sludge-based activated carbons were effective and alternative adsorbents for the removal of phosphorus from aqueous solution due to their considerable adsorptive capacities and the low-cost renewable sources.

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Removal of crystal violate dye from aqueous solution by adsorption on mixture of activated carbon: A kinetic & equilibrium study

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY ◽

10.24297/jac.v11i9.848 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 3876-3887

Author(s):

Prakash Bhila Wagh ◽

V.S Shrivastava ◽

V.S Shrivastava

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Contact Time ◽

Second Order ◽

Batch Adsorption ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Equilibrium Study ◽

Pseudo Second Order ◽

Percentage Removal ◽

Adsorbent Dose

The kinetics and equilibrium study of crystal violate dye adsorption on mixture of activated carbon (PWCAC) and (CSAC) was studied. The use of low cost ecofriendly adsorbent has been investigated as an ideal alternative to the current expensive methods of removing of dye from aqueous solution. This study was done by batch adsorption techniques. The quantitative adsorption kinetic and equilibrium parameter for crystal violate dye were studied using uv-visible adsorption spectroscopy. The effect of initial dye concentration, pH,adsorbent dose, temperature, particle size were determined to find the optimal condition for adsorption. The percentage removal of dye was found to be most effective at pH10and contact time 120 min and at an adsorbent dose 4 g/L of dye. The study indicates that’s, the percentage removal of dye increases with increasing initial dye concentration, adsorption dose and contact time and attains equilibrium at optimum conditions.The equilibrium study of adsorption of crystal violate dye on to mixture of activated carbon was investigated using pseudo first order and pseudo second order kinetic models. The adsorption kinetics was found to follow pseudo second order kinetic model. The equilibrium adsorption data of crystal violate dye on PWCAC and CSAC mixture was analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption model. The results show that the Langmuir model provides the best correlation.

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Removal of Mercury (II) from Aqueous Solution by using Rice Residues

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v63.1381 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. T. Song ◽

N. Saman ◽

K. Johari ◽

H. B. Mat

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Surface Area ◽

Second Order ◽

Ion Concentration ◽

Bet Surface Area ◽

Isotherm Models ◽

Batch Adsorption ◽

Adsorption Mechanisms ◽

Pseudo Second Order ◽

Rice Residues

Sorption potential of rice residues for Hg(II) removal from aqueous solution was investigated. Rice husk (RH) and rice straw (RS) were selected and treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The raw and modified adsorbents were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and BET surface area measurements. The effects of pH, initial ion concentration, and agitation time on the removal process were studied in batch adsorption experiments. Two simple kinetic models, which are pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order, were tested to investigate the adsorption mechanisms. The kinetic data fits to pseudo second order model with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99 for all adsorbents. The equilibrium data fitted well with the Langmuir compared to Freundlich isotherm models. Alkali-treated adsorbent obtained larger surface area and RH-NaOH showed highest adsorption capacity followed by RS-Pure > RH-Pure > RS-NaOH. The maximum removal efficiency obtained by RH-NaOH and RS-Pure was 42 mg/l (80%) at pH 6.5 and with 2 days contact time (for 50 mg/l initial concentration and 25 mg adsorbents).

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Preparation of composite adsorbents of activated carbon supported MgO/MnO2 and adsorption of Rhodamine B

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2020.172 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 81 (5) ◽

pp. 906-914

Author(s):

Xiangfeng Yue ◽

Jianhai Zhao ◽

Huanhuan Shi ◽

Yongzhi Chi ◽

Muhammad Salam

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Surface Area ◽

Rhodamine B ◽

Bet Surface Area ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Composite Adsorbent ◽

Adsorption Sites ◽

Composite Adsorbents ◽

Pseudo Second Order

Abstract Activated carbon (AC) was modified by MgO and MnO2 through an impregnation-precipitation-calcination procedure. The batch experiments of adsorption of Rhodamine B (RB) by a modified adsorption material, an MgO-MnO2-AC composite, were carried out and the characteristics of the composite adsorbent were evaluated. The results showed that manganese/magnesium loading changed the surface area, pore volume and increased the number of active adsorption sites of AC. The highest Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area (1,036.18 m2·g−1) was obtained for MgO-MnO2-AC compared with AC. The content of AC loaded with magnesium and manganese was 34.24 and 5.51 mg·g−1 respectively. The adsorption of RB on MgO-MnO2-AC was significantly improved. The maximum adsorption capacity of RB on MgO-MnO2-AC was 16.19 mg·g−1 at 25 °C under the RB concentration of 50 mg·L−1. The adsorption of RB by AC and MgO-MnO2-AC increased with the initial concentration of RB. The adsorption of RB increased first and then decreased when pH was between 3 and 11. The results indicated that the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation and Langmuir equation can be used to describe the adsorption of RB on MgO-MnO2-AC.

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