scholarly journals GC/MS screening of buckthorn phytochemicals and their use to synthesize ZnO nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of malachite Green dye in water

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahem M. A. Hasan ◽  
Ahmed R. Tawfik ◽  
Fawzy H. Assaf
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Malachite Green ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Malachite Green Dye ◽  
Photodegradation Efficiency

Abstract Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were biosynthesized. According to GC/MS analysis, chalcone; the main phytochemical; is probably complexed with Zn ions that are then oxidized to ZnO NPs by atmospheric O2 during heating. The ZnO NPs were characterized by TG, FTIR, XRD, FESEM, TEM, eEDAX, and BET surface area analysis. Sphere-like ZnO NPs were formed with 11 nm mean crystallite size, 5.2 m2 g−1 surface area, and 0.02 cm3 g−1 total pore volume. The synthesized ZnO showed excellent photocatalytic degradation (96.5±0.24% in 1 hour at 25 °C) of malachite green (MG) in aqueous solutions under UV light at optimum conditions; pH 10, MG initial concentration of 20 mg L−1, and ZnO dose of 1.5 g L−1. Also, ZnO showed very good reusability (92.9± 0.2% after 5 runs). The experimental data obeyed pseudo-first-order kinetics (R2=0.92). The photocatalysis process is dependent on the following species in the order: OH. > electron/positive hole pairs > O2.−. Moreover, photodegradation efficiency decreased in the presence of CO32−, HCO3−, and Cl−, but increased in the presence of NO3−, and SO42− ions. Thus, the green synthesized ZnO NPs can be applied as an efficient photocatalyst for the removal of MG from aqueous media.

scholarly journals Effective Removal of Malachite Green from Aqueous Solutions Using Magnetic Nanocomposite: Synthesis, Characterization, and Equilibrium Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Ali Q. Alorabi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Malachite Green ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Magnetic Nanocomposite ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Order Kinetic

In this work, magnetized activated Juniperus procera leaves (Fe3O4@AJPL) were successfully prepared via chemical activation of JPL and in situ coprecipitation with Fe3O4. A Fe3O4@AJPL nanocomposite was successfully applied for the elimination of malachite green (MG) dye from aqueous media. The prepared Fe3O4@AJPL adsorbent was characterized by SEM, EDX, TEM, XRD, FTIR, TGA, and BET surface area analyses. The BET surface area and pore size of the Fe3O4@AJPL nanocomposite were found to be 38.44 m2/g and 10.6 nm, respectively. The XRD and FTIR results indicated the formation of a Fe3O4@AJPL nanocomposite. Different parameters, such as pH of the solution (3–8), adsorbent dosage (10–100 mg), temperature (25–45°C), contact time (5-240 min), and initial MG concentrations (20–350 mg/L), for the elimination of the MG dye using Fe3O4@AJPL were optimized and found to be 7, 50 mg, 45°C, 120 min, and 150 mg/L, respectively. The nonlinear isotherm and kinetic studies exhibited a better fitting to second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models, with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 318.3 mg/g at 45°C, which was highly superior to the previously reported magnetic nanocomposite adsorbents. EDX analyses confirmed the presence of nitrogen on the Fe3O4@AJPL surface after MG adsorption. The calculated thermodynamic factors indicated endothermic and spontaneous processes. The desorption of MG dye from Fe3O4@AJPL was performed using a solution of 90% ethanol. Finally, it could be concluded that the designed Fe3O4@AJPL magnetic nanocomposite will be a cost-effective and promising adsorbent for the elimination of MG from aqueous media.

scholarly journals Photocatalytic Properties of Microwave-Synthesized TiO2 and ZnO Nanoparticles Using Malachite Green Dye

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Singh ◽  
Umesh T. Nakate
Keyword(s):  
Malachite Green ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Hexagonal Wurtzite Structure ◽  
Stoichiometric Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Malachite Green Dye ◽  
Photodegradation Rate ◽  
Scherrer Formula

TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using microwave-assisted method. Synthesized NPs were characterized for their structure, morphology, and elemental composition using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The crystallite size of synthesized NPs of TiO2 and ZnO was about 12.3 and 18.7 nm as obtained from the Scherrer formula from the most intense XRD peak. The synthesized NPs have been found to be in stoichiometric ratio having anatase and hexagonal wurtzite structure for TiO2 and ZnO, respectively, and are spherical in shape. Surface area of TiO2 and ZnO NPs was found to be about 43.52 m2/g and 7.7 m2/g. Photocatalytic (PC) properties of synthesized NPs were studied for malachite green (MG) dye under UV light. TiO2 NPs were found to be highly photocatalytically active among the two, having efficiency and apparent photodegradation rate of 49.35% and , respectively.

scholarly journals Removal of Malachite Green Dye using Keggin Polyoxometalate Intercalated ZnAl Layered Double Hydroxide

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldes LESBANI ◽  
Tarmizi TAHER ◽  
Neza Rahayu PALAPA ◽  
Risfidian MOHADI ◽  
Mardiyanto Mardiyanto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Malachite Green ◽  
Interlayer Space ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Layered Compound ◽  
Basal Spacing ◽  
Keggin Ion ◽  
Malachite Green Dye

The ZnAl Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have been successfully synthesized by the coprecipitation method, followed by intercalation using Keggin ion of α-dodecatungstosilicic acid [α-SiW12O40]4- to form ZnAl-[α-SiW12O40] LDHs. The prepared ZnAl-[SiW12O40] LDHs were characterized by using X-Ray, FTIR, and BET surface area analyses, which were, then, used as adsorbents of malachite green dye from aqueous solution. The synthesized ZnAl LDH showed a typical diffraction peak of the layered compound at 11o (003) with an interlayer space of 8.59 Å. After intercalation, it was recorded that the interlayer space of ZnAl-[SiW12O40] LDH increased to 10.65 Å. Moreover, the specific surface area of the intercalated LDH increased from 1.9685 to 14.0422 Å. The adsorption study revealed that the adsorption capacity of ZnAl-[SiW12O40] LDH toward malachite green dye was higher (37.514 mg.g-1) than the pristine ZnAl LDH (32.845 mg.g-1). The adsorption kinetics study showed that malachite green adsorption onto both pristine and intercalate LDH followed the pseudo-2nd-order model. The adsorption thermodynamic investigation indicated that adsorption of malachite green onto ZnAl-[SiW12O40] LDH was a spontaneous process and was classified as physical adsorption with activation energy ranging from 10.074 to 15.476 kJ.mol-1. HIGHLIGHTS ZnAl LDH intercalated by Keggin ion has been successfully synthesized by facile coprecipitation followed by ion exchange method The basal spacing of the intercalated ZnAl LDH increased up to 10.65 A The intercalated ZnAl LDH exhibited higher adsorption capacity for malachite green dye removal compared with the original ZnAl LDH

scholarly journals Photocatalytic Degradation of Malachite Green Dye from Aqueous Solution Using Environmentally Compatible Ag/ZnO Polymeric Nanofibers

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2033
Author(s):  
Marwa F. Elkady ◽  
Hassan Shokry Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Malachite Green ◽  
Degradation Efficiency ◽  
Solution Flow Rate ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
Malachite Green Dye ◽  
Polymeric Nanofibers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Surface Modified

An efficient, environmentally compatible and highly porous, silver surface-modified photocatalytic zinc oxide/cellulose acetate/ polypyrrole ZnO/CA/Ppy hybrid nanofibers matrix was fabricated using an electrospinning technique. Electrospinning parameters such as solution flow rate, applied voltage and the distance between needles to collector were optimized. The optimum homogenous and uniform ZnO/CA/Ppy polymeric composite nanofiber was fabricated through the dispersion of 0.05% wt ZnO into the dissolved hybrid polymeric solution with an average nanofiber diameter ranged between 125 and 170 nm. The fabricated ZnO-polymeric nanofiber was further surface-immobilized with silver nanoparticles to enhance its photocatalytic activity through the reduction of the nanofiber bandgap. A comparative study between ZnO polymeric nanofiber before and after silver immobilization was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of the two different prepared nanofibers before and after nanosilver immobilization for malachite green (MG) dye was compared against various experimental parameters. The optimum degradation efficiency of nanosilver surface-modified ZnO-polymeric nanofibers was recorded as 93.5% for malachite green dye after 1 h compared with 63% for ZnO-polymeric nanofibers.

scholarly journals An Eco-Friendly Process for Removal of Lead from Aqueous Solution

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heman A. Smail ◽  
Kafia M. Shareef ◽  
Zainab H. Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Adsorption Equilibrium ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Heavy Metal Ion ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Barley Husk

The adsorption of lead (Pb II) ion on different types of synthesized zeolite was investigated. The BET surface area, total pore volume & average pore size distribution of these synthesized zeolites were determined by adsorption isotherms for N2, the surface area & total pore volume of their sources were found by adsorption isothermN2.The adsorption equilibrium was measured after 24h at room temperature (RT) & concentration 10mg.L-1 of Pb (II) was used. The adsorption of heavy metal Pb (II) on four different prepared zeolites (LTA from Montmorillonite clay, FAU(Y)-B.H (G2) from Barley husk, Mordenite (G1) from Chert rock, FAU(X)-S.C (G3) from shale clay & modified Shale clay by oxalic acid (N1) & sodium hydroxide (N2)), were compared with the adsorption of their sources by using static batch experimental method. The major factors affecting the heavy metal ion sorption on different synthesized zeolites & their sources were investigated. The adsorption equilibrium capacity (Qm) of Pb (II) ion for different synthesized zeolites ordered from (N1>N2>LTA>G3>G2>G1&for their sources ordered Shale clay >Montmorilonite> Barley husk>Chert rock. The atomic absorption spectrometry was used for analysis of lead heavy metal ion, the obtained results in this study showed that the different synthesized zeolites were efficient ion exchanges for removing heavy metal, in particular, the modified zeolite from shale clay by oxalic acid.

Role of ZnO Nanoparticles for improvement of Antibacterial Activity in Food Packaging

2021 ◽  
pp. 128-131
Author(s):  
Saira Sehar ◽  
Amiza Amiza ◽  
I. H Khan
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Long Time

Nanotechnology advancement leads to development of antimicrobial agents like ZnO nanoparticles. These nanoparticle have their main applications in food packaging. when these nanoparticles incorporate into the food surface, it will kill all bacterias residing on the surface and food become free of bacteria. In this way, food can be stored for a long time because its shelf life is improved. Antimicrobial activity of ZnO nanoparticles can be improved by increasing surface area, reducing particle size and large concentration of ZnO –NPS. Antimicrobial activity increases by increasing intensity of UV light. As UV light fall on ZnO nanoparticles, it increases ZnO surface area and hence anrtimicrobial activity will be increased. Exact mechanism of Antimicrobial activity is still unknown but some processes have been presented.

Synthesis of Cobalt Iron Oxide Doped by Chromium Using Sol-Gel Method and Application to Remove Malachite Green Dye

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 32-41
Author(s):  
Ebtisam K. Alwan ◽  
Aqeel Mohhamed Hammoudi ◽  
Intessar K. Abd ◽  
Maryam O. Abd Alaa ◽  
Mohammed Nsaif Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Malachite Green ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
Malachite Green Dye ◽  
Cobalt Iron Oxide ◽  
Cobalt Iron ◽  
Acidic Function

In the current paper, the nanoparticles of cobalt iron oxide doped by chromium (CIC) of (CrxCoFe2-xO4) formula were prepared by sol-gel method using the nitrate salts of the elements composed of this nanomaterial. The characteristic properties of CIC nanoparticles prepared were determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in addition to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and also examination of the surface area (BET). These tests showed that the CIC nanoparticle prepared was in a pure phase, in addition to having various functional groups; moreover their structural framework includes multiple pores, which was the reason for the high surface area, reached to 223.36 m2.g-1. The prepared CIC nanoparticle was applied as an adsorbent to recover the malachite green dye from aqueous contaminated solutions in a batch mode adsorption unit and under different operating conditions. Designing factors used to determine the efficiency of the CIC as an adsorption media for the organic dye included the acidic function (pH), contact time and amount of nanomaterial CIC. The obtained practical results showed that the removal efficiency of the malachite green dye using CIC nanoparticle was 88.519% at 50 ppm of the initial concentration of the contaminated solution and that the percentage removal was directly proportional to the amount of adsorbent, contact time and acidic function.

scholarly journals Surface and Catalytic Properties of γ-Irradiated Cr2O3/Al2O3 Solids

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 465-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A. El-Shobaky ◽  
A.M. Ghozza ◽  
G.M. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Co Oxidation ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Γ Rays

Two samples of Cr2O3/Al2O3 were prepared by mixing a known mass of finely powdered Al(OH)3 with a calculated amount of CrO3 solid followed by drying at 120°C and calcination at 400°C. The amounts of chromium oxide employed were 5.66 and 20 mol% Cr2O3, respectively. The calcined solid specimens were then treated with different doses of γ-rays (20–160 Mrad). The surface and catalytic properties of the different irradiated solids were investigated using nitrogen adsorption at −196°C and the catalysis of CO oxidation by O2 at 300–400°C. The results revealed that γ-rays brought about a slight decrease in the BET surface area, SBET (15%), and in the total pore volume, Vp (20%), of the adsorbent containing 5.66 mol% Cr2O3. The same treatment increased the total pore volume, Vp (36%), and the mean pore radius, r̄ (43%), of the other adsorbent sample without changing its BET surface area. The catalytic activities of both catalyst samples were found to increase as a function of dose, reaching a maximum value at 80–160 Mrad and 40 Mrad for the solids containing 5.66 and 20 mol% Cr2O3, respectively. The maximum increase in the catalytic activity measured at 300°C was 59% and 100% for the first and second catalyst samples, respectively. The induced effect of γ-irradiation on the catalytic activity was an increase in the concentration of catalytically active sites taking part in chemisorption and in the catalysis of CO oxidation by O2 without changing their energetic nature. This was achieved by a progressive removal of surface hydroxy groups during the irradiation process.

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