TRANSFER OF CONNOTATIVE MEANINGS IN TRANSLATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
Krivykh L.D. ◽  
◽  
Bagrintseva O.B. ◽  
Balashova L.I. ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Original Text ◽  
High Quality

The article is devoted to the problem of conveying connotative meanings in the process of intercultural communication when translating from English into Russian. The choice of the topic of this article is due to the recent increased interest in socioculturally determined patterns of language, the account of which essential for high quality translation. The question of the transfer of the figurative originality of the original text during translation not only does not lose its relevance, but also gainsincreasing importance. The relevance of this problem lies in the need to study connotation, in particular figurative connotation, in the aspect of intercultural communication, its implementation and translation from one language to another.

scholarly journals Translationese and Post-editese: How comparable is comparable quality?

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joke Daems ◽  
Orphée De Clercq ◽  
Lieve Macken
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Supervised Machine Learning ◽  
Original Text ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Machine Learning Model ◽  
Comparable Quality

Whereas post-edited texts have been shown to be either of comparable quality to human translations or better, one study shows that people still seem to prefer human-translated texts. The idea of texts being inherently different despite being of high quality is not new. Translated texts, for example, are also different from original texts, a phenomenon referred to as ‘Translationese’. Research into Translationese has shown that, whereas humans cannot distinguish between translated and original text, computers have been trained to detect Translationese successfully. It remains to be seen whether the same can be done for what we call Post-editese. We first establish whether humans are capable of distinguishing post-edited texts from human translations, and then establish whether it is possible to build a supervised machine-learning model that can distinguish between translated and post-edited text.

scholarly journals The Potential of Literary Translation in Intercultural Communication: Ota Pavel’s Short Stories for the Russian Reader

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasiia Cherepanova
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Contextual Analysis ◽  
Literary Translation ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Translation Tools ◽  
Jewish Humor ◽  
The World ◽  
Cultural Texts

The purpose of this article is to reveal the specifics of the translation of cross-cultural texts by the Czech writer Ota Pavel. The main research methods are a description of potential difficulties and possible solutions, a comparative analysis of the translation and the original, contextual analysis, the use of analog texts to indicate the genre nature of the translated text. The main conclusions of the article are as follows: to convey the style of Ota Pavel, the translator must recreate the model of the world presented in the original text, which includes the specific features of Czech and Jewish cultures, by transmitting such characteristics of the text as slow narration, an abundance of retreats, repetitions, details, comparisons, specific Jewish humor using such translation tools as historical and cultural translation comments and compulsory translation transformations. The latter include: lexical transformations (translational transcription, tracing, lexical-semantic substitutions); lexical and grammatical transformations (explication, transformation); grammatical transformations (syntactic assimilation, division of sentences, combining sentences, grammatical replacements). Keywords: cross-cultural texts, analog texts, contextual analysis, adaptation, translation transformations

scholarly journals THE TRANSLATION OF THE FICTION TEXT AND INTERPRETATION (LITERARY ASPECT)

2019 ◽  
pp. 198-204
Author(s):  
N. M. Lashchyk ◽  
A. M. Kuchera
Keyword(s):  
Original Work ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The Mind

The article is determined to study the translation of the fiction text and interpretation, their typology and differences have been enlightened as well.  The literary aspect of the denoted notions has been outlined. The problems of reception and understanding of the fiction text as an important integral part of interpretation and translation are considered in the article. The problem of interpretation and translation attracts attention of modern literary scientists. The scientists consider interpretation as assimilating of high and aesthetic, semantic and emotional information of a fiction work that is fulfilled by creation of author’s vision and knowledge of reality. A translated work as an original text must influence the mind and feelings of readers. Ideas and images of the original a translator must move to the ground of another ethnoculture and language transmitting not only contents but a fiction form of the original work as well. Those translations that reproduce all elevated and aesthetic wealth of the original are recognized to be of high quality.

scholarly journals Recovering The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 622-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. W. Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Experimental Technique ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Animal Research ◽  
Original Text ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Shared Culture ◽  
Is Value

The 3Rs, or the replacement, reduction, and refinement of animal research, are widely accepted as the best approach to maximizing high-quality science while ensuring the highest standard of ethical consideration is applied in regulating the use of animals in scientific procedures. This contrasts with the muted scientific interest in the 3Rs when they were first proposed in The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique (1959). Indeed, the relative success of the 3Rs has done little to encourage engagement with their original text, which remains little read and out of print. By adopting a historical perspective, this article argues that one explanation for this disjunction may be found in another, more celebrated, event of 1959: C. P. Snow’s Rede lecture on The Two Cultures. The moral outlook of The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique derived from an earlier ethos wherein humanistic and scientific values occupied a shared culture. While the synthetic style of The Principles has hindered its readership, this article concludes that there is value to recovering the notion that the humanities and social sciences can contribute to the improvement of animal research.

scholarly journals Interlingual Interference of Unrelated Languages: Spanish and English

2021 ◽  
pp. 133-141
Author(s):  
Anastasiia Zlotnik ◽  
Zoya Getman
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Internet Resources ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
Speech Interference

The article is devoted to the description of interlingual interference in Spanishspeaking countries on the example of the phenomenon of “Spanglish”. The article outlines the content of language interference and bilingualism. The definition of the term “language interference” is given. The concept of Spanglish is specified and the main characteristics of the studied phenomenon are presented. The causes, content, and consequences of the formation of the “Spanglish” phenomenon are singled out. The main models of functioning of the phenomenon on the material of dialogic speech of Spanish and English-speaking students, Internet resources, literary and film works are revealed. The geographical areas most prone to the formation, spread and popularization of the phenomenon of “Spanglish” are outlined. In the end of the research we came to the conclusion that because translation is an integral part of intercultural communication, interference in this case is the result of bilingualism (or multilingualism) of the translator with a subsequent impact on the translation process – often negative. The problem of interference is considered in the framework of language contacts, when a person who speaks two languages violates the rules of correlation of these languages. Languages interact with each other, resulting not only in the borrowing of language units, but also the convergence of languages as a whole. We figured out that the main reason and condition for the manifestation of interference is bilingualism/multilingualism and linguistic contact. The place of manifestation of interference is the bilingual himself or the person who performs the translation, when he tries to compensate some linguistic units with units from another language, which can involuntarily lead to literalism, accent and distortion of the meaning of the original text. We found out what are the methods of overcoming unwanted interference, as well as what a teacher can do at school or university to prevent the introduction of signs of speech interference in students’ speech.

scholarly journals Development of intercultural communicative competence in Russian-Chinese discourse

2021 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 02010
Author(s):  
Tamara Vladimirovna Kuprina ◽  
Mu Ming ◽  
Alla Aleksandrovna Evtyugina ◽  
Konstantin Olegovich Shokhov
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Intercultural Communicative Competence ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Intercultural Interaction ◽  
Cultural Connotation ◽  
Gender Information ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Information Combining

The expansion of intercultural interaction between countries and cultures requires the training of modern specialists who know both foreign languages and intercultural communication. However, in the training of translators, there is a lack of authentic material offered by the native speakers of the corresponding language and culture. The purpose of the article is to suggest strategies for teaching the translation of advertising texts and anthroponyms in the Russian-Chinese discourse. The methodological basis of the research is the theory of skopos considering translation as a practical type of activity, as well as a comparative analysis of anthroponyms. As a result of the research, there proposed strategies for translating advertising texts (working with linguistic forms, cultural content, adding and omitting information, combining these strategies) and anthroponyms (using transliteration from Russian into Chinese, it is necessary not only to choose suitable Chinese hieroglyphs but also take into account their meanings, special cases). Comparing Russian and Chinese names, an important difference is found: transliterating Russian names, a person’s gender information can be expressed through Chinese hieroglyphs but this effect cannot be achieved when transliterating Chinese names. Russian-Chinese discourse has a strong cultural connotation, reflecting the unique way of people’s life. The task of the translator is to reproduce not only the formal but also the cultural information of the original text. The novelty of the work is determined by the need to research the Sino-Tibetan language group in order to improve the methodology of teaching translation and intercultural communication as a practical activity.

Some problems of objective-prism spectra classification

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 51-52
Author(s):  
E. K. Kharadze ◽  
R. A. Bartaya
Keyword(s):  
Short Wave ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Stellar Spectra ◽  
Objective Prism

The unique 70-cm meniscus-type telescope of the Abastumani Astrophysical Observatory supplied with two objective prisms and the seeing conditions characteristic at Mount Kanobili (Abastumani) permit us to obtain stellar spectra of a high quality. No additional design to improve the “climate” immediately around the telescope itself is being applied. The dispersions and photographic magnitude limits are 160 and 660Å/mm, and 12–13, respectively. The short-wave end of spectra reaches 3500–3400Å.

A non-cyanide method of electropolishing silver

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-147
Author(s):  
R. L. Lyles ◽  
S. J. Rothman ◽  
W. Jäger
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Methyl Alcohol ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
Silver Alloy ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Silver Alloys ◽  
Free Sample ◽  
Specimen Quality ◽  
Standard Techniques

Standard techniques of electropolishing silver and silver alloys for electron microscopy in most instances have relied on various CN recipes. These methods have been characteristically unsatisfactory due to difficulties in obtaining large electron transparent areas, reproducible results, adequate solution lifetimes, and contamination free sample surfaces. In addition, there are the inherent health hazards associated with the use of CN solutions. Various attempts to develop noncyanic methods of electropolishing specimens for electron microscopy have not been successful in that the specimen quality problems encountered with the CN solutions have also existed in the previously proposed non-cyanic methods.The technique we describe allows us to jet polish high quality silver and silver alloy microscope specimens with consistant reproducibility and without the use of CN salts.The solution is similar to that suggested by Myschoyaev et al. It consists, in order of mixing, 115ml glacial actic acid (CH3CO2H, specific wt 1.04 g/ml), 43ml sulphuric acid (H2SO4, specific wt. g/ml), 350 ml anhydrous methyl alcohol, and 77 g thiourea (NH2CSNH2).

A High Resolution Scanning Microscope

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 356-357
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe ◽  
J. Wall ◽  
L. M. Welter
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Focal Length ◽  
Spot Size ◽  
Emission Source ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Magnetic Lens ◽  
High Quality

A scanning microscope using a field emission source has been described elsewhere. This microscope has now been improved by replacing the single magnetic lens with a high quality lens of the type described by Ruska. This lens has a focal length of 1 mm and a spherical aberration coefficient of 0.5 mm. The final spot size, and therefore the microscope resolution, is limited by the aberration of this lens to about 6 Å.The lens has been constructed very carefully, maintaining a tolerance of + 1 μ on all critical surfaces. The gun is prealigned on the lens to form a compact unit. The only mechanical adjustments are those which control the specimen and the tip positions. The microscope can be used in two modes. With the lens off and the gun focused on the specimen, the resolution is 250 Å over an undistorted field of view of 2 mm. With the lens on,the resolution is 20 Å or better over a field of view of 40 microns. The magnification can be accurately varied by attenuating the raster current.

Quantitative defect studies in semiconductor TEM samples prepared by low angle ion milling

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 512-513
Author(s):  
L. Mulestagno ◽  
J.C. Holzer ◽  
P. Fraundorf
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
High Density ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Ion Milling ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Variable Angle ◽  
Major Disadvantage ◽  
Induced Defects

Due to the wealth of information, both analytical and structural that can be obtained from it TEM always has been a favorite tool for the analysis of process-induced defects in semiconductor wafers. The only major disadvantage has always been, that the volume under study in the TEM is relatively small, making it difficult to locate low density defects, and sample preparation is a somewhat lengthy procedure. This problem has been somewhat alleviated by the availability of efficient low angle milling.Using a PIPS® variable angle ion -mill, manufactured by Gatan, we have been consistently obtaining planar specimens with a high quality thin area in excess of 5 × 104 μm2 in about half an hour (milling time), which has made it possible to locate defects at lower densities, or, for defects of relatively high density, obtain information which is statistically more significant (table 1).

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