URGENT ISSUES OF LEGAL REGULATION IN THE FIELD OF PROTECTION OF POPULATION AND TERRITORIES IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 220-234
Author(s):  
Maxim S. DEMCHENKO
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Individual Rights ◽  
Scientific Discussion ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

On January 30, 2020, the spread of a new coronavirus infection was declared an international emergency by the World Health Organization. The state authorities of the Russian Federation have developed measures aimed at minimizing and eliminating the consequences caused by coronavirus infection, which in turn caused the need for rapid changes and additions to the regulatory framework in the field of protecting the population and territories from emergency situations. The question on the features of the emergency and high-alert mode, as well as the legality of restrictions on individual rights and freedoms introduced in the high-alert mode, has caused a scientific discussion in the field of protecting the population and territories from emergency situations. In this article, the author examines changes in legislation in this field, offers his interpretation of the basis and features of the legal regulation of the high-alert mode and restrictions on the rights and freedoms of an individual associated with the spread of the COVID-19 coronavirus infection. According to the author, taking into account the current epidemiological situation, Federal Law No. 68-FZ of December 21, 1994, “On the protection of the population and territories from natural and man-made emergencies” needs prompt and consistent changes in order to fully and comprehensively ensure the rights and freedoms of an individual. For example, it is necessary to introduce the concept of a biological and social emergency as one of the types of emergency situations that fall under legislative regulation. Analyzing the current legislation for legality of the introduced high-alert mode and restrictions on individual rights and freedoms, it is concluded that the existing mechanism for restricting individual rights and freedoms does not fully comply with the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Regarding the current epidemiological situation, it should be considered as an emergency situation with the need for introducing an appropriate mode. The research methodology is based on both general scientific and specific scientific methods of cognition: formal-logical, systematic, formal-legal, comparative, dialectical, predictive, modeling method, etc.

scholarly journals A New Emergency Situation Type and Issues of the Legal Regulation Arising in Course of Its Liquidation

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Vinokurov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
New Type ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Federal Laws ◽  
Executive Body

The article is devoted to a new type of emergency situations — the situation created as a result of the spread of a disease that poses a danger to others. The article considers the norms of Federal laws that regulate issues related to the spread of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), analyzes the powers of the Federal Executive body authorized to solve problems in the field of protecting the population and territories from emergencies, and the chief state sanitary doctors who head the Federal Executive body responsible for organizing and implementing Federal state sanitary and epidemiological supervision, and its territorial bodies for the subjects of the Russian Federation. As a result of the analysis, proposals were formulated to amend the Federal laws “On the protection of the population and territories from natural and man-made emergencies” and “On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population”, allowing to establish restrictions on the rights and freedoms of individuals and organizations in accordance with the requirements established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, as well as to provide compensation in return for the restrictions imposed

scholarly journals Coronavirus Pandemic 2019-nCoV (COVID-19) as Force Majeure

Lex Russica ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 124-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kh. V. Idrisov
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Force Majeure ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Health Organization

The paper is devoted to the legal analysis of the consequences of a new coronavirus infection, due to which the World Health Organization declared a pandemic. By its nature, this infectious phenomenon refers to a force majeure event. Within the framework of the scientific research, the author describes the concept of force majeure, as well as the features of emergency and unavoidability that make up this legal category. In addition, a number of regulatory legal acts regulating public relations in this area are subject to legal analysis, both adopted earlier and published literally from the very beginning of the spread of coronavirus infection throughout the territory of the Russian Federation. Along with the analysis of the regulatory legal acts, the paper also provides judicial practice on the issue under consideration. Based on the legal analysis of the issues under study, it is concluded that adequate legal regulation of the consequences of the coronavirus infection within the framework of relations between civil law subjects will guarantee the participants mutual bona fide behavior in accordance with the norms established by civil law, and in the case of unfair behavior — the implementation of civil liability measures for such subjects. In conclusion, it is noted that prompt and qualitative regulation of the consequences of the coronavirus infection is one of the key tasks in the legal field in the current situation, since contract law, which includes provisions on force majeure, plays an important role in the development and maintenance of stability of civil turnover, providing all its participants with legal guarantees for the implementation of the basic norms and rules established in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation concerning the conclusion and execution of contracts.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF LEGAL REGULATION, ARISING DURING LIQUIDATION A NEW TYPE OF EMERGENCY SITUATIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
В.А. Винокуров
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
New Type ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Federal Laws ◽  
Executive Body

Статья посвящена рассмотрению проблем правового регулирования нового вида чрезвычайных ситуаций – обстановке, сложившейся в результате распространения заболевания, представляющего опасность для окружающих. Рассмотрены нормы федеральных законов, по которым осуществляется регулирование вопросов, связанных с распространением новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19), проанализированы полномочия федерального органа исполнительной власти, уполномоченного на решение задач в области защиты населения и территорий от чрезвычайных ситуаций, и главных государственных санитарных врачей, возглавляющих федеральный орган исполнительной власти, осуществляющий функции по организации и осуществлению федерального государственного санитарно-эпидемиологического надзора, и его территориальные органы по субъектам Российской Федерации. В результате проведенного анализа сформулированы предложения по внесению изменений в федеральные законы «О защите населения и территорий от чрезвычайных ситуаций природного и техногенного характера» и «О санитарно-эпидемиологическом благополучии населения», позволяющие устанавливать ограничения прав и свобод физических лиц, а также организаций в соответствии с требованиями, установленными Конституцией Российской Федерации, а также предусматривать компенсацию взамен введенных ограничений. Annotation. The article is devoted to the problems of legal regulation of a new type of emergency situations – the situation that has developed as a result of the spread of a disease that is dangerous to others. The article considers the norms of Federal laws that regulate issues related to the spread of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), analyzes the powers of the Federal Executive body authorized to solve problems in the field of protecting the population and territories from emergencies, and the chief state sanitary doctors who head the Federal Executive body responsible for organizing and implementing Federal state sanitary and epidemiological supervision, and its territorial bodies for the subjects of the Russian Federation. As a result of the analysis, proposals were formulated to amend the Federal laws "on the protection of the population and territories from natural and man-made emergencies" and "on the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population", allowing to establish restrictions on the rights and freedoms of individuals and organizations in accordance with the requirements established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, as well as to provide compensation in return for the restrictions imposed.

Emergency powers of the authorities of the constituent units of the federation (states) in Russia, the USA and Brazil amid the spread of a new coronavirus infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-107
Author(s):  
Alexander Merkulenko
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Emergency Powers ◽  
Lack Of Control ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government

Due to the new coronavirus pandemic, high alert regimes were introduced across the Russian Federation in spring 2020. These emergency regimes were established exclusively by the state bodies of the Russian Federation’s constituent units – federal authorities did not introduce their own emergency regimes. This decentralized strategy of fighting the pandemic was also introduced by the USA and Brazil. Their states, without the sanction of the federal government, and in the case of Brazil, ignoring its bans, set emergency restrictions similar to those in Russia. The legal regulation of emergency regimes existed before 2020, when constituent units of the federation (states) actively used their emergency powers. However, the regimes introduced during the fight against the pandemic were slightly different to previous ones. The restrictions on rights and freedoms within these regimes were so severe that not only their proportionality was questioned, but there were also doubts as to whether the regional level of the government had the authority to establish such strict restrictions. In addition, the pandemic exposed old problems and revealed new shortcomings in the legal regulation of emergency regimes: lack of control over the realization of the emergency regime by legislative (representative) authorities, and gaps in legislative regulation – notably in the establishment of possible restrictions and of a mechanism for scrutinizing their proportionality. All this raised questions about the proportionality of the established restrictions. The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation resolved a very insignificant amount of the problems. While the United States and Brazil faced similar issues, the practice of scrutinizing implemented restrictions in these countries was more common. This article takes domestic and foreign experiences into account, while examining certain aspects of the establishment and the operation of regional emergency regimes.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION ON INBOUND TOURISM IN RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 232-239
Author(s):  
Алена Александровна Бесперстова ◽  
Елена Валерьевна Зобова
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Inbound Tourism ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

Целью исследования является изучение текущей эпидемиологической ситуации на въездной туризм в России, анализ проблем в данном направлении, что впоследствии поможет выявить эффективные пути их решения. Коронавирус рассматривается как препятствие для развития въездного туризма в Российской Федерации. Конечным результатом исследования является определение основных направлений по решению актуальных проблем развития въездного туризма в условиях распространения коронавирусной инфекции. Научная новизна статьи характеризуется применением авторского подхода к пониманию сложившейся ситуации и предлагаемым вариантам решения проблемы. Основные проблемы въездного туризма, связанные с распространением коронавирусной инфекции, систематизированы по группам, определены возможные пути их решения, отражены ожидаемые результаты реализации предлагаемых мер. The aim of the research is to study the current epidemiological situation in inbound tourism in Russia, analyze problems in this direction, which will subsequently help to identify effective ways to solve them. The coronavirus is seen as an obstacle to the development of inbound tourism in the Russian Federation. The end result of the study is the identification of the main directions for solving urgent problems of the development of inbound tourism in the context of the spread of coronavirus infection. The scientific novelty of the article is characterized by the use of the author's approach to understanding the current situation and the proposed solutions to the problem. The main problems of inbound tourism associated with the spread of coronavirus infection are systematized by groups, possible ways to solve them are identified, and the expected results of the implementation of the proposed measures are reflected.

scholarly journals Review of the Epidemiological Situation on Ixodic Tick-Borne Borreliosis in the Russian Federation in 2010–2020 and Prognosis for 2021

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
S. A. Rudakova ◽  
N. A. Pen’evskaya ◽  
A. I. Blokh ◽  
N. V. Rudakov ◽  
D. V. Trankvilevsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

Objective was to analyze the epidemiological situation on Ixodidae tick-borne borreliosis (ITBB) in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the dynamics over the period of 2010–2020, taking into account the features of the year 2020, associated with the spread of COVID-19, and to forecast the development of the epidemic process for 2021. In 2020, 4180 cases of ITBB were registered in the Russian Federation, which is 1.93 times less than in 2019 and 1.73 times less than the long-term average annual figure for the previous 10 years. A significant decrease was noted in all federal districts (FD), with the exception of the Central FD, where more than half of all cases occurred. Compared to 2019, 75 out of 78 subjects experienced a decrease in the incidence rate in 2020, while in 56 entities that decrease was statistically significant. The multiplicity of the decrease in the incidence of ITBB in 2020 for all FD was significantly greater than the multiplicity of the decrease in the frequency of contacts of the population with ticks. Infection of Ixodidae ticks of various species with borrelia in natural foci in 2020 was statistically significantly higher than in 2019. Probably, the decrease in the registered incidence of ITBB against the background of the COVID-19 pandemic is due not only to a decrease in the intensity of contacts of the population with natural foci, but also to a sharp redistribution of the volume of inpatient and outpatient medical care in favor of COVID-19 patients. Given the high degree of significance of the identified trends in the dynamics of the epidemic ITBB process during 2010–2020, there is reason to expect an increase in the incidence in the Bryansk, Voronezh, Ryazan, Tula and Saratov regions in 2021, which requires special attention in terms of strengthening preventive measures and monitoring of the activity and structure of natural foci. In the rest of the entities of the Russian Federation, provided that the volumes of preventive measures are maintained on the same level and in the absence of abnormal natural and climatic phenomena, preservation or a slight reduction in the incidence of ITBB is likely to occur in the short term. At the same time, despite the tense situation regarding the new coronavirus infection, there is an obvious need to draw close attention to the problems of diagnosis and prevention of natural focal infections.

scholarly journals Prospects for Reducing Accidents on the Roads of the Russian Federation Using the Scientific and Methodological Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 334 ◽  
pp. 01038
Author(s):  
Sergey Glagolev ◽  
Aleksander Novikov ◽  
Ivan Novikov ◽  
Anastasia Shevtsova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Intelligent Transport ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Russian Federation

This article reports the results of an in-depth analysis of the transport situation in the Russian Federation and presents the main programmes, aimed at its improvement. The paper deals with the major ways of reducing risk of traffic accidents and increasing traffic safety. The paper proposes the scientific and methodological approach, providing the specialists with the opportunities of conducting a comprehensive assessment of the causes of emergencies and aiming at eliminating road accidents rates. The origin of the process of an emergency situation occurrence has been investigated and designed, the key components (constituents) of the process have been identified and the basic mechanisms, influencing the basic components, have been analyzed. The algorithm of the application of the proposed and developed scientific and methodological approach at the level of departmental organizations has been suggested. The article describes the mathematical model of the process of emergency situations occurrence, which, together with the applied telematics systems and intelligent transport systems, will help to achieve the basic objectives of the study.

SOME ISSUES OF LEGAL REGULATION AND ORGANIZATION OF THE REGIME IN PENAL IN STITUTIONS IN CONDITIONS OF THE CORONAVIRUS INFECTION SPREAD (COVID-19)

2021 ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
Сергей Евгеньевич Илюхин ◽  
Оганнес Давитович Мкртчян
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Correctional Institution ◽  
Closed Space ◽  
Penal Institutions ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
Close Contacts

Распространение и выявление новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-2019) как на территории РФ, так и в структуре объектов УИС актуализирует необходимость трансформации средств обеспечения жизнедеятельности как всех субъектов права, так и в особенности подозреваемых, обвиняемых и осужденных. Доказано, что данная категория граждан находится в особо уязвимом положении с точки зрения подверженности заболевания коронавирусом по причине специфики режима отбывания наказаний, который предполагает замкнутость пространства. Введение мер ограничения, регламентированных Правительством РФ, конкретизируемых нормативно-правовыми актами ФСИН России и главного государственного санитарного врача ФСИН России, спровоцировали необходимость решения ряда вопросов, возникающих при реализации системы мероприятий по отбыванию осужденными наказаний в учреждениях УИС. Вышесказанное обуславливает важность и своевременность исследования, связанного и изучением проблем и дискуссионных положений, обуславливающих процесс исправления осужденных и предупреждения совершения ими новых преступлений через призму осуществления санитарно-противоэпидемических мер для предупреждения распространения коронавирусной инфекции. The spread and reveal of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-2019) both on the territory of the Russian Federation and in the structure of penal institutions have prompted us to talk about the need to transform the means of ensuring the life of all subjects of law, and especially suspects, accused and convicted. It is proved that this category of citizens is in a particularly vulnerable position in terms of exposure to coronavirus due to the specifics of the regime of serving sentences, which implies a closed space and close contacts of persons located on the territory of the correctional institution. The introduction of restrictive measures regulated by the Government of the Russian Federation, specified by regulatory legal acts of the Federal penitentiary service of Russia and the chief state sanitary doctor of the Federal penitentiary service of Russia, provoked the need to address a number of issues that arise in the implementation of the system of measures for serving sentences in penal institutions. The above explains the relevance of research related to the study of problems and controversial provisions that determine the process of correcting convicts and preventing them from committing new crimes through the prism of implementing sanitary and anti-epidemic measures to prevent the spread of coronavirus infection.

Statistical and causal factors analysis of accidents at oil refining and petrochemical industry of Russia and Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 156-168
Author(s):  
A. V. Fedorov ◽  
◽  
K. K. Ospanov ◽  
E. N. Lomaev ◽  
A. M. Aleshkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Petrochemical Industry ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic

Introduction. Every year, at the facilities of the oil refining and petrochemical industries of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan, emergency situations occur with the emissions of dangerous substances, fires and explosions leading to human casualties, major material damage to the economy and ecology of regions and states. To reduce the number of accidents at the facilities under consideration, first of all, it is necessary to determine the primary source - the cause of which the emergency occurred. Goals and objectives. The main aim is analysis of annual quantitative changes in the number of accidents and their consequences, identification of the main cause-and-effect relationships of accidents. Methods. To obtain the results, general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge were used: analysis, synthesis, generalization, which were based on the provisions of the theory of systems, information theory. The results of the study. An assessment of the frequency of occurrence of fire-hazardous events, their cause-and-effect relationships was carried out by means of an analytical review of accidents that have already occurred at the facilities of the oil refining and petrochemical industry of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2015-2019. Conclusions. The analytical review of the statistics of emergency events at the facilities of the oil refining and petrochemical industry in Russia and Kazakhstan for 2015-2019 showed no tendency to reduce both the number of accidents and their consequences. The predominant types of accidents occurred were fires and explosions, the main fatally damaging factor for people was thermal burns. Main causes of accidents and their antecedent factors of development were determined. The results of the study provide a clear picture of the problems that exist at the facilities of the oil refining and petrochemical industry of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan. It was shown that open technological installations of NNP facilities are the most dangerous and allow us to imagine, simulate and consider scenarios for the development of an emergency situation at this type of installations. Keywords: accident, analysis, fire, explosion, damage, depressurization, risk, statistics

scholarly journals Systemic and morphological method of scheduling of medical support of troops (forces) and the population at elimination of medical and sanitary consequences of emergency situations by forces and means of Medical service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 156-163
Author(s):  
R N Lemeshkin ◽  
I F Savchenko ◽  
V A Blinov ◽  
A A Zhukov ◽  
D A Sidorov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Medical Support ◽  
Social Character ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
System Resource ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Level Of Training

The technique of the systemic-morphological analysis allowing to create alternative decisions is provided. Options of medical support of troops (forces) and the population in case of elimination of medical and sanitary consequences of emergency situations of natural, technogenic and social character are developed: «Departmental», «Interdepartmental»,«International». Concerning each option, nine indices (criteria) are offered: legal regulation; controllability system; complexity of the organization of system; resource (material) cost intensity; personnel security; adequacy of medical care; efficiency; experience and innovations; self-sufficiency of actions. For the production of computation and a choice of the most rational option of planning of system the original dialogue program system of «MPRIORITY 1.0» (MY PRIORITY) realizing a method of the analysis of hierarchies by repetitions (iterations) is used. The results characterizing each of the considered alternative options with the replying weight priority are received and their preference is defined. During the first iteration priorities for the system of indices and criteria, characteristic of achievement of result with emphasis on normative legal regulation of activities with the organization structure and management system were defined. In the second - priorities for the system of indices and criteria with emphasis on the organization of delivery of healthcare with the existing system of material support, medical supply and also an adequate level of training of medical frames were changed. Results were subjected system to the analysis and sentences are developed for health service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, in particular for Service of medicine of catastrophes the Russian Defense Ministry, on the organization of system of medical support of troops (forces) and the population in case of elimination of medical and sanitary consequences of emergency situations of natural, technogenic and social character.

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