scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS ON EXPORT CHANGES OF THE EAEU MEMBER COUNTRIES

2018 ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Saadat M. Assanseitova ◽  
Vladimir G. Svinukhov ◽  
Elvira V. Kovaleva
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Crude Oil Price ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Trade Turnover ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Factor Regression ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

The article examines the impact of some macroeconomic indicators, such as added value in industry, R & D expenditure, average crude oil price, on the export change for the EAEU member countries. For the study the authors used the open statistical databases of the International Monetary Fund, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), the World Bank, as well as the statistical offices of the EAEU member countries for the period from 2004 to 2017. Using correlation analysis, the authors establish a connection between the indicators and use them to construct a three-factor regression model. It is shown that the change in exports in a sufficiently high degree depends on the fluctuations in the values of the selected indicators. The authors also analyze the development of the EAEU countries through the dynamics of the gross domestic product, exports, imports, trade turnover and foreign direct investment for the study period, showing the value of exports in the final indicator through a change of its share in GDP and comparing the EAEU states both among themselves and with similar indicator of the leading economically developed countries. 

scholarly journals Wpływ międzynarodowych instytucji finansowych na sytuację gospodarczą krajów najsłabiej rozwiniętych

2019 ◽  
Vol 19(34) (3) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
Jakub Kraciuk
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
International Financial Institutions ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

The aim of the study was to show the impact of the activities of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank on the economic situation of the least developed countries in sub-Saharan Africa. It was found that the operation of these organizations in accordance with the principles of the Washington consensus did not bring the expected results, and the credit aid of IMF and World Bank increased debt, but did not contribute to a significant GDP growth per capita in the analyzed countries. Therefore, it is necessary to change the rules of operation of international financial institutions towards least developed countries. The proposed adjustment programs are to generate economic growth, which will be subordinated to the needs of societies, and the choice of economic and social policy options should be adapted to the conditions of a given country.

The impact of the reform of PIS/COFINS on the Brazilian industry

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Gomes Vasconcelos ◽  
Nelson Leitão Paes
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Neoclassical Model ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Tax Distortions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Two Sectors

PurposeIn an attempt to reduce tax distortions and increase economic efficiency, in 2002 and 2003 Brazil promoted changes in the PIS/COFINS tax, the main federal tax on consumption. Thus, in addition to the old cumulative regime calculated on company revenues, the noncumulative regime was created with higher rates and the added value as a tax basis.Design/methodology/approachThis paper analyzes the effects of the PIS/COFINS reform in a context of deindustrialization in the Brazilian economy, using a neoclassical model with two sectors.FindingsThe results suggest that after a small improvement in the aggregate economy in the short term, in the long term there was a worsening of the macroeconomic indicators. From the sector perspective, the PIS/COFINS reform may have contributed to the loss of industry participation in the Brazilian economy.Originality/valueThe study of the impact of the PIS/COFINS reform on industry through a neoclassical model is unprecedented in the national literature and contributes to the investigation of changes in the tax regime that occurred in the country.

On the Brain Drain of Africans to America: Some Methodological Observations

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Nii-Amoo Dodoo ◽  
Baffour Takyi ◽  
Jesse Mann
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Relative Comparisons ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

AbstractRecurring debates about the impact of the brain drain— the developing world's loss of human capital to more developed countries—has motivated estimation of the magnitude of the phenomenon, most recently by the World Bank. Although frequently cited as a key contributor to Africa's wanting development record, what constitutes the "brain-drain" is not always clearly defined. Today, in the absence of an accounting system, resolution of the definitional and measurement question depends on relative comparisons of measurement variants, which will identify definitional shortcomings by clarifying the merits and demerits of these variants, and thereby suggest corrective imputations. This paper compares the World Bank's approach to a chronological precedent (Dodoo 1997) to clarify the value of variant comparisons. The resultant implications for corrections are also discussed.

The International Monetary Fund in Economic Development: Equality and Discrimination

1982 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-48
Author(s):  
F. Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
International Finance ◽  
World Bank ◽  
International Monetary Fund ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

While the demand for economic development by underdeveloped countries has a long history, two landmarks call for brief comment: 1960, when a massinflux of newly-independent underdeveloped countries lent political strength to their clamours; and 1973, when the spectacular rise in oil prices became a potential weapon of the developing countries. The chief political forum of the latter has been the General Assembly of the United Nations, but battle has also been done in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), chief forum on international trade. Some concessions have been wrested from the developed countries, but progress in the two chief fora of public international finance, the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, has been slow. Both of these international institutions have become the focus of manoeuvre between the developing and the developed countries.

scholarly journals The Impact of Globalization on Economies of Developed Countries

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenka Pelegrinová ◽  
Martin Lačný
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Nonparametric Regression ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Nonparametric Regression Model ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
The Impact

The concept of globalization is interpreted by various authors in terms of its importance or content. This article presents results of an analysis of the influence of globalization trends on important macroeconomic indicators of selected countries. An examination of the level of globalization as a quantitative marker was enabled by the KOF Index of Globalization, which provides an indication of the economic, political and social globalization at global level. Research methods included time series analysis, trend analysis and nonparametric regression model (regression of panel data).

International Monetary Fund

1959 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 646-648
Keyword(s):  
International Monetary Fund ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
General Decline ◽  
Exchange Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The International Monetary Fund ◽  
Made In

The Tenth Annual Report on Exchange Restrictions of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), covering the period from May 1958 to April 1959, was transmitted to members and governors of the Fund on June 3, 1959.1 In Part I of the report the establishment of external convertibility of the major European currencies was described as the most important single achievement of the postwar period in the field of exchange restriction. This event took place at the end of 1958, while in early 1959 other countries adjusted their exchange control regulations to the new conditions. A major factor behind the move was pinpointed as the general gain in strength, both economic and financial, of the industrialized countries and, with the exception of the United States, their substantial addition to their gold and dollar reserves. Most of the less developed countries continued to experience difficulties, according to the report, but several were putting into effect comprehensive stabilization programs which included the simplification of their exchange systems. The report considered the immediate effects of this concerted move and the impact it might be expected to have on the restrictions that still remained. It also pointed out that during the period under review appreciable further progress was made in the substitution of unitary exchange rates for multiple currency practices, and that there was a general decline in the number of bilateral payments arrangements between member countries of the Fund.

Znaczenie korporacji międzynarodowych w eksporcie towarowym Polski na tle państw Europy Środkowej w latach 2004–2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-279
Author(s):  
Tomasz Białowąs
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Intermediate Goods ◽  
Foreign Subsidiaries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Trade Turnover ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Fragmentation Of Production ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact

The subject of the article is the assessment of the impact of international corporations’ activities on the development of Polish commodity exports against the background of Central European countries in 2004–2018. The detailed analysis covers changes in the value, dynamics, product and geographical structure of exports, the importance of foreign subsidiaries of international corporations in creating export potential and the share of foreign value added in gross exports. The conducted analysis showed a high degree of dependence of Polish exports, as well as those of the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia on the operations of foreign subsidiaries of international corporations. Their share in the total exports exceeded 50% during the analyzed period, and 85% in the exports of cars and trucks, pharmaceuticals, tobacco products, computers, electronic and optical devices. An important factor in the development of exports is the phenomenon of international fragmentation of production processes. It causes an increase in trade turnover in subassemblies and intermediate goods. We can estimate the scale of production fragmentation by measuring the share of foreign value added in gross exports. The highest share of foreign value added occurred in the exports of Hungary and Slovakia and exceeded 40%. In Poland, foreign value added accounted for around 27% of gross exports. In all analyzed countries, foreign value added came mainly from the European Union countries, especially from Germany. In recent years, the share of intermediate goods imported from China has also been growing.

scholarly journals Evaluating airport and seaport privatization: a synthesis of the effects of the forms of ownership on performance

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 08-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bijan Vasigh ◽  
Clara Vydyanath Howard
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Government Control ◽  
Aviation Management ◽  
Management Literature ◽  
Direct Government ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

Assessing the effects of ownership structure on efficiency has received considerable attention in the aviation management literature. Commercialization has been widely employed both in developing and developed countries as a means of increasing operational efficiency. Since airports and seaports are operationally similar, this paper examines the literature and methods used to assess the effects of privatization in both types of infrastructure. We observe that the impact of privatization on performance depends not only on the degree of privatization but on the competition in the market. Following a 4-level specification commonly employed in the seaport literature that captures degrees of privatization, we estimate a stochastic frontier model for airport efficiency as a function of ownership. We conclude that airport authorities in the United States are equally as efficient as fully privatized airports elsewhere, due to a high degree of competition and fiscal independence from the other governmental entities. Additionally, while privatization may be an effective mechanism of introducing corporatization into infrastructures that are characterized by poor competition and direct government control, the airport authority appears to achieve the benefits of privatization in operation without actual transfer of ownership.

Transformation of the welfare state in Lithuania: Towards globalization and Europeanization

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Aidukaite
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
The Political ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Economic Elite ◽  
Social Security Reforms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The International Monetary Fund ◽  
The Welfare State

This paper is designed to shed some light on possible impacts of globalization and Europeanization on social security reforms in one of the new EU member state - Lithuania. The paper is based on 67 expert interviews conducted with the political elite, academics, journalists, senior civil servants, interest group representatives and the economic elite. The paper highlights the higher influence of globalization through the activities of such supranational agencies as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund compared to the impact of cognitive Europeanization on social security reforms.

scholarly journals METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT SEGMENTATION BASED ON THE PEST ANALYSIS METHOD

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-85
Author(s):  
M.M. Malyasova
Keyword(s):  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Cumulative Impact ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
Trade Turnover ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

The article considers the importance and role of the business environment on the basis of generalization of theoretical and practical research. The purpose of the study is to analyze the business environment for different segments; identify indicators and characteristics of the business environment; study the impact of the business environment on the profitability of an economic entity. The essential characteristics of the business environment are considered, as well as the following segments of the business environment: economy, demography, technology and legal regulation. The most significant indicators and performance characteristics of each segment of the business environment are grouped. In the segment of the economy, indicators of trade turnover, average monthly income of the population were revealed; in the segment of demography – consumer behavior: in the segment of technology – the virtual possibilities of the functioning of the enterprise; in the segment of legal regulation – the political situation and events. The main research method was PEST analysis. To substantiate the macroeconomic indicators of the business environment, an expert assessment was applied. In conclusion, the author evaluates the cumulative impact of business environment segments on the functioning of the enterprise.

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