scholarly journals Strengthening Indonesia-Russia trade economy relations: Indonesia’s effort to access Eurasia market

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 93-112
Author(s):  
Hendra Manurung ◽  
Teuku Rezasyah ◽  
Arry Bainus ◽  
Rusadi Kantaprawira
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Multilateral Cooperation ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Eurasian Region

The article discusses economic cooperation between Indonesia and Russia, as well as the possibility of Indonesia entering the Eurasian market. Indonesia is recognized as the largest economy of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the leader of Southeast Asian countries with high rates of economic growth. The growth of the regional economy is expected to support global economic stability. Russia is an unconventional market for Indonesia's main goods in the Eurasian region, so Indonesian goods can be found quite rarely on Russian markets and in supermarkets. In this regard, it is important to understand which Indonesian export goods are of interest to Russians and how these goods can fall into Russia. To do this, it is necessary to study the business potential of partners with whom you can start working together. Since 2016, Indonesia has been emphasizing the importance of cooperation and trade and economic integration in the Asia-Pacific region, Eurasia and Southeast Asia. In the midst of a global pandemic, it is necessary to develop diplomacy and economic cooperation between Indonesia and Russia in order to prevent potential conflicts in the South China Sea involving the United States and China. At the same time, Indonesia should develop its economy and trade through bilateral and multilateral cooperation in international organizations. The study showed that economic cooperation between the two countries should contribute to strengthening trade relations, increasing investment and increasing the competitiveness of Indonesia's export products.

DEVELOPMENT TRENDS AND PROSPECTS OF ECONOMIC AND TRADE COOPERATION BETWEEN CHINA AND UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (6) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Zhang DONGYANG ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Free Trade Zone ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
The Eu

The status and prospects of development of trade and economic relations between Ukraine and China are considered. It is proved that bilateral cooperation in the trade and economic sphere has made significant progress. In 2012–2017, China was the second largest trading partner of Ukraine after Russia. However, the problem of imbalance in imports and exports between Ukraine and China has not yet been resolved. In addition, the scale and number of projects in which Ukraine attracts Chinese investment is much less than investments from European countries and the United States. It is justified that trade and economic cooperation between Ukraine and China is at a new historical stage. On the one hand, Ukraine signed the Association Agreement with the European Union, and on January 1, 2016, the rules of the free trade zone between Ukraine and the EU entered into force. This helps to accelerate the integration of Ukrainian economy into European one. On the other hand, the global economic downturn requires the introduction of innovations in the model of cooperation. The Chinese initiative “One belt is one way” is one of the variants of the innovation model of cooperation. Its significance is to unite the Asia-Pacific region with the EU in order to join the Eurasian Economic Union, create a new space and opportunities for development and achieve prosperity with the Eurasian countries. All this forms unprecedented opportunities for development of bilateral economic and trade relations. It seems that to fully open the potential of Ukrainian economy and expand bilateral trade and economic cooperation, it is necessary to take into account such proposals as the establishment of the Sino-Ukrainian industrial park, the promotion of cooperation in the field of electronic commerce, the formation of the Sino-Ukrainian free trade zone and enhanced interaction within multilateral mechanisms (for example, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the interaction of China and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe in the 16 + 1 format).

scholarly journals Institutional Change and Macroeconomic Variables in the ASEAN—Indonesia, Vietnam, and Cambodia: The Effects of a Trade War between China and USA

Economies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Fransiskus Xaverius Lara Aba
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Current Account Deficit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Export Demand ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Asean Country ◽  
Trade War ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

A trade war between the United States and China resulted in an increase in trade tariffs on imported goods entering each of these countries. Southeast Asian countries that have trade relations with the two countries, especially in terms of non-oil and gas exports of 25% to 35%, will be affected by export demand. Furthermore, the effects of the trade war will reduce gross domestic product (GDP) in Southeast Asian countries or the ASEAN and increase the current account deficit. On the other hand, the effects of the trade war that led to the decision of foreign investors to move their manufacturing base out of China will produce a flow of foreign investment that is ready to be captured by every ASEAN country.

scholarly journals South East Asia – In the Priorities of Russian Policy “Pivot to Asia”

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-203
Author(s):  
A. A. Rogozhin ◽  
N. G. Rogozhina
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Local Market ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

The foreign policy course “Turn to Asia”, taken by Russia in the early 2000s, was not accompanied, however, by the expansion of interaction with the countries of South East Asia. Despite creating a certain foundation for the development of bilateral and multilateral cooperation, its potential is far from being fully explored. The presence of objective factors hampered its expansion and limited the active involvement of Russia in regional integration processes. The article assesses the prospects for the development of relations with Southeast Asian countries in the context of Russia’s strategic and economic interests in the region and the emerging conditions for their implementation. The authors note that the region has begun to acquire strategic importance for Russia, firstly, for economic reasons, given the dynamics of its growth and the possibility of its involvement in Russian integration projects,secondly, for geopolitical reasons, based on an assessment of its contribution to the formation of a security architecture in the Asia-Pacific region, the principles of which are generally consistent with Russia’s strategic interests, which are realized within the framework of diplomatic and militarypoliticalrapprochement with the countries of South East Asia. The article notes that in building their relations with them, Russia proceeds from the fact that its more active participation in regional affairs may become a factor hindering the establishment of hegemony by one of the great powers in the region, which generally meets the interests of the Southeast Asian countries themselves. At the same time, the authors come to the conclusion that in search of a force  capable of ensuring stability in the region, the choice of Southeast Asian countries is unlikely to stop only on Russia, whose real level of political influence in the region is still low. As for economic cooperation Russia with the countries of South East Asia, in recent years, the interaction between them in the framework of bilateral relations has strengthened, primarily in trade. Russia has a positive balance in trade with the countries of the region. However, investment cooperation between them is small in scope and does not play a significant role in the economies of the counterparty countries. The article provides a detailed analysis of the problems that complicate Russia’s economic cooperation with the countries of South East Asia and offers recommendations for solving them, taking into account the specifics of Russian business and the particularities of the local market development. The authors come to the conclusion that the success of Russia’s economic relations with the countries of South East Asia will largely depend on whether we recognize them as equally important partners as China or India. No political steps taken by Russia in South East Asia will lead to a strengthening of its position in the region, if they are not accompanied by its economic expansion. 

scholarly journals Priorities and New Areas for U.S. Economic Cooperation with the Asia-Pacific Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Ksenia Chudinova
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Current Stage ◽  
Rules And Standards

The article analyzes the first steps of the Biden administration to strengthen the resilience of American supply chains and expand interaction on key issues with allied economies in the Asia-Pacific region (APR). Critically important areas of cooperation were identified, and the agreements reached with partners at the current stage were analyzed. It is illustrated that the Biden administration is gradually forming around the United States an association of "techno-democratic" countries, in which the allied economies in the APR will play an important role. One of the most important goals of the alliance is to reduce dependence on supplies from China and reduce the influence of the PRC, potentially through the introduction of a new set of rules and standards.

scholarly journals THE DISPOSITION OF INDIVIDUAL АРЕС COUNTIES IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Tsymbal ◽  
Nataliya Moskalyuk ◽  
Svitlana Gromenkova
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Intellectual Activity ◽  
Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation ◽  
Multifactor Regression ◽  
Intellectual Leadership

The formation of a new global system and systemic global interdependence generates new factors of com- petitiveness of market participants, determining their appropriate strategic behavior to ensure a high competitive position and leadership. This determines the relevance of the research topic. The aim of the study is to determine the peculiarities of the deve¬ lopment of individual countries and key determinants of advanced development in Asia which are members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. The following research methods were used in the article: models of multifactor regression, cluster analysis, methods of comparative analysis. Method (methodology). Using a multifactor regression model and cluster analysis, four clusters of countries were identified according to key indicators of intellectual leadership. For each cluster, the specializa- tion of the two countries in terms of merchandise exports was analyzed, namely, 1 cluster – the United States and Germany; 2nd cluster – Israel and Italy; 3rd cluster – Brazil and Ukraine; Cluster 4 – China and the Republic of Korea. Based on the author’s methodology for assessing the intellectual leadership of countries, the clustering of countries in the global economy is determined. The evaluation algorithm was based on three stages: first – the resource level; secondly – the level of intermediate results of intellectual activity; third – the level of the final results of overall progress. Based on clustering, it is determined that Asian countries are characterized by different from other countries features of development, determined by historical and economic preconditions. addition, the normative basis for the development of human resources in Asian countries which are members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, the peculiarities of the production of high-tech goods and the rating of high-tech exports of selected countries are determined. The superdynamic development of Asian countries indicates the formation of a specific cluster on the global economic map, characterized by faster development, significant attention to the development of key factors of intellectualization and increasing their own positions in global rankings.

scholarly journals Russia, China and the Pacific Countries of Latin America: Opportunities for Multilateral Cooperation in the Asia-Pacific Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Novikov
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin America ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Order ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Multilateral Cooperation ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Regional Order

The article is devoted to the problems of the development of modern relations of Russia, China and the  Pacific states of Latin America. Author focuses on potential of cooperation of these states in multilateral  formats and dialogues and the reform of the economic and institutional order in the Asia-Pacific. The  relevance of such cooperation is increasing due to the crisis of the international order that has emerged  in the Asia-Pacific region. This crisis manifests itself in two aspects. First, we may observe a certain lack  of institutions of regulation of economic relations and ideas for their further development. Such a  complex agenda is shaped by Russia and China in relation to Eurasia (the concept of “Greater Eurasia”),  but the promotion of a similar agenda in the APEC faces many contradictions. Second, the Asia-Pacific region is becoming an area of confrontation between the United States and China, which is also  manifested in the struggle for the future configuration of the regional order in the region. The Pacific  countries of Latin America were not affected by either the Russian or Chinese mega-initiatives of recent  years, which are aimed precisely at creating a new international order. Meanwhile, these countries are  APEC members and participants in many regional initiatives, as well as potentially significant economic  partners for both Russia and China. Moreover, the author believes that a similar level of economic  development and similar needs objectively bring together the views and approaches of the leading  Eurasian powers and the Pacific states of Latin America to the development of multilateral institutions of  the regional order. However, the historically established institutional and political linkage of these  countries to the United States currently determines their support for American initiatives. This provision, however, is not a given, and some irregularity of the American regional policy under the Trump  administration makes the development of dialogue with these countries on the broad problems of  multilateral cooperation in Eurasia and the Asia-Pacific region even more in demand. The author  considers the proposed analysis and some conclusions as an opportunity for academic and expert  discussion on the identified issues. 

scholarly journals Economic cooperation of Canada with Asia-Pacific countries in the energy sector

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Alexandra Dmitrievna Filina ◽  
Galina Viktorovna Tretyakova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Model ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Energy Markets ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Stable Relationship

The article is devoted to an urgent problem of our time - the integration of Canadian energy markets into the energy markets of the Asia-Pacific region. Canada's economy is currently the 16th largest in the world in terms of GDP and is heavily dependent on international trade, whose prosperity is inextricably linked to external markets and the ability to access those markets. In turn, China, Japan, and South Korea are the world's largest importers of crude oil and liquefied natural gas. The study considers not only the reasons for the need of Canada's energy markets to enter the Asia-Pacific region, but also analyzes the dependence of the Canadian economy on the economy of the United States of America. The main conclusions of the study consist in outlining the ways of integrating the energy markets of Canada and the Asia-Pacific countries. The built economic model of interaction should not only exist within the framework of the created legal acts but also should determine the importance of the formation of this economic institution for subsequent development. This work is of particular relevance due to the fact that joint development within the economic area creates a stable relationship, which can later be used for external use, within the framework of building a new type of economic model. Thus, the information acquires statistical value and can be used in further research. The author believes that the goal of this research is achieved by considering the economic cooperation of Canada with the Asia-Pacific countries in the energy sector.

scholarly journals Factors of the Russian-Chinese economic relations development in the Eurasian integration field

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Maksim V. Selyukov ◽  
◽  
Natalia P. Shalygina ◽  
Anna M. Kulik ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Trade Turnover ◽  
Economic Trends ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. We can confidently say already that in the current conditions of global economic development, China is the most important and priority partner in the development of our country’s foreign economic activity. Theoretical analysis. The development of a strategic approach to bilateral economic cooperation with China is the most relevant in the modern system of coordinates of Russia’s foreign economic activity. Nowadays China is really the most important and priority partner in the issues related to the development of our country’s foreign economic activity. There have been different stages in the history of relations between Russia and China, but their current state gives hope for even greater mutually beneficial effect in the strategic perspective. The need to study the formation, transformation and development of Russian-Chinese relations in the context of foreign economic relations and projects is due to the growing influence of China in Russia over the past four years, the cooling of relations between Russia and the West after the events of 2014 and the Russian “turn to the East”. Empirical analysis. Speaking about the effectiveness of foreign trade relations between Russia and China in 2019, it should be noted that Russia’s trade turnover with China in 2019 increased by 3.4% to $110.76 billion, including Russia’s exports to China increased by 3.2% to $61.05 billion, imports from China to Russia increased by 3.6% to $49.7 billion. In comparison, the trade turnover between China and the United States fell by 14.6% to $541.22 billion againist the background of a trade war between these countries. It amounted to USD 541.22 billion, with USD 418 billion coming from China to America. Results. The prerequisites and factors for further development of relations and deepening of trade and economic cooperation between Russia and China have recently been growing. In addition to classical factors: geographical, territorial and, consequently, common border, which allows the development of new forms of cooperation and business (cross-border trade, cross-border economic zones and clusters, interbank settlements in national currencies in border areas, etc.). Political factors are increasing, as well as the impact of modern world economic trends on deepening bilateral economic relations between the countries. However, it is important to remember that in today’s realities Russia needs China more than China needs Russia.

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