PSYCHOLOGICAL, NEUROHORMONAL AND METABOLIC CHARACTERISTICS  OF THE SIRIUS-18/19 MEMBERS' ADAPTATION TO THE 120-DAY ISOLATION  IN A PRESSURIZED MODULE

In the SIRIUS-18/19 project, psychological, neurohormonal and metabolic adaptation to 120-d isolation was studied with participation of 3 male and 3 female subjects at the age of 28 to 44 years. Mood assessments and biochemical investigations attested to a moderate stress. After 63 days of the life in isolation, weighing showed a significant loss of the body fat mass; blood analysis pointed to activation of lipolysis and atherogenesis. Homeostasis was relatively stable despite mobilization of deposited fats and shifts in metabolic reactions. These changes in energy metabolism and reactions to the extreme factors should be taken into consideration during planning of future isolation studies in order to minimize potential cardiac risks.

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Friction of outer rotor affecting friction torque characteristics in an internal gear pump

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part C Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science ◽

10.1177/0954406214565804 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 229 (16) ◽

pp. 3013-3026 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yoshiharu Inaguma

Keyword(s):

Pressure Distribution ◽

Friction Force ◽

Significant Loss ◽

Friction Torque ◽

The Body ◽

Gear Pump ◽

Suction Pressure ◽

Outer Rotor ◽

Internal Gear ◽

Outer Circumference

This article presents the friction torque in an internal gear pump and the friction force between an outer circumference of an outer rotor and a body, which causes a significant loss, has been investigated. When in use at a high pressure, the pump has a large friction torque due to the friction force acting on the outer rotor circumference. This friction force is caused by imbalanced force acting on the outer rotor. As well as by a positioning suction and a delivery port, the force can be reduced by setting a suction pressure recess in a section of the outer rotor circumference. In this study, through the measurement of the friction torque in an actual pump and the pressure distribution on the outer circumference of the outer rotor, it is investigated how the suction pressure recess can change the force acting on the outer rotor. The actual internal gear pump without the suction pressure recess has a large friction torque, and it corresponds to a large force on the outer rotor, which is calculated from the pressure distributions on the inside and outside of the outer rotor. In addition, on the basis of the measured friction torque of the test pump and the force acting on the outer rotor, calculated using the results of the pressure distribution, the coefficient of friction between the outer rotor circumference and the body can be estimated.

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FEATURES OF THE COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION OF HEMATOLOGICAL INDICATORS IN PERSONS OF MIDDLE, ELDERLY AND SENILE AGE WITH PNEUMONIA

Успехи геронтологии ◽

10.34922/ae.2021.34.1.014 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 102-106

Author(s):

С. А. Рукавишникова ◽

Т. А. Ахмедов ◽

А.С. Пушкин ◽

У.Р. Сагинбаев ◽

Д.П. Пискунов ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Older Persons ◽

Risk Group ◽

Age Groups ◽

Biological Variation ◽

The Body ◽

Blood Analysis ◽

Internal Environment ◽

Severity Of The Disease ◽

Hematological Indicators

Пневмония занимает лидирующие позиции по смертности среди всех инфекционных заболеваний. Установлено, что к достоверной группе риска по уровню заболеваемости и смертности от данной нозологической формы относятся лица старше 60 лет, причем с возрастом тяжесть протекания заболевания только возрастает. Согласно литературным данным, одной из причин снижения адаптационных возможностей лиц пожилого возраста является феномен «возрастного десинхроноза», проявляющийся значительными колебаниями параметров внутренней среды организма. Цель работы - сравнительный анализ коэффициентов внутри-и межиндивидуальной биологической вариации. Для этого проведено ретроспективное исследование клинического анализа крови у пациентов, страдающих пневмонией неуточненной этиологии, в разрезе трех возрастных групп - средней, пожилой и старческой. Обнаружены особенности биологической вариации в зависимости от возраста, выявленные отличия были обоснованы в соответствии с имеющимися теориями. Pneumonia is the leading mortality rate among all infectious diseases. It has been established that the reliable risk group for morbidity and mortality from this nosology includes persons over 60 years of age, and with age the severity of the disease only increases. According to literary data, one of the reasons for the decline in adaptation capabilities of older persons is the phenomenon of «age desinhronosis», which manifests itself in significant fluctuations in the parameters of the internal environment of the body. The purpose of this work was to compare the coefficients of intra- and interindividual biological variation. For this purpose, a retrospective study of clinical blood analysis in patients suffering from pneumonia of unspecified etiology was carried out in terms of three age groups: medium, elderly and senile. Features of biological variation depending on age have been found, the differences identified have been justified according to available theories.

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Virulence and Metabolic Characteristics of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis Strains with DifferentsefDVariants in Hens

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.00852-12 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 78 (18) ◽

pp. 6405-6412 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Cesar A. Morales ◽

Jean Guard ◽

Roxana Sanchez-Ingunza ◽

Devendra H. Shah ◽

Mark Harrison

Keyword(s):

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Egg Production ◽

The Body ◽

Wild Type ◽

Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteritidis ◽

Blood Calcium ◽

Content Type ◽

Metabolic Characteristics ◽

Wide Range ◽

Metabolic Properties

ABSTRACTSalmonella entericaserovar Enteritidis is one of a fewSalmonella entericaserotypes that has SEF14 fimbriae encoded by thesefoperon, which consists of 4 cotranscribed genes,sefABCD, regulated bysefR. A parental strain was used to construct asefDmutant and its complement, and all 3 strains were compared for gene expression, metabolic properties, and virulence characteristics in hens. Transcription ofsefDby wild type was suppressed at 42°C and absent for the mutant under conditions where the complemented mutant had 103times higher transcription. Growth of the complemented mutant was restricted in comparison to that of the mutant and wild type. Hens infected with the wild type and mutant showed decreased blood calcium and egg production, but infection with the complemented mutant did not. Thus, the absence ofsefDcorrelated with increased metabolic capacity and enhanced virulence of the pathogen. These results suggest that any contribution thatsefDmakes to egg contamination is either unknown or would be limited to early transmission from the environment to the host. Absence ofsefD, either through mutation or by suppression of transcription at the body temperature of the host, may contribute to the virulence ofSalmonella entericaby facilitating growth on a wide range of metabolites.

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Disability and ICF Core Sets in Mood Disorders

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70445-6 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 (S1) ◽

pp. 1-1

Author(s):

J.L. Ayuso-Mateos

Keyword(s):

Mood Disorders ◽

Significant Loss ◽

Consensus Conference ◽

The Body ◽

The Core ◽

Core Sets ◽

Biopsychosocial Perspective ◽

Icf Core Sets ◽

Different Levels

The concept of disability has changed enormously, from a notion of handicap (ICIDM,1980) to the idea of person with disability (ICF,2001). The ICF considers three different levels of disability: body, person and environment, offering a possibility to address it in a universal, integrative and interactive perspective. The utility of the ICF in shifting the attention from a medical to a biopsychosocial perspective is therefore accepted. Having 1464 categories, it is hardly applicable to clinical practice and research. Mood disorders are characterized by a variety of psychiatric and somatic symptoms, associated with a significant loss of quality of life and functioning. Practical tools, such as Core Sets, that cover the spectrum of problems are needed. ICF Core Sets have been developed for depression and are currently being developed by our group for bipolar disorder. The ICF Comprehensive Core Sets for depression is the second larger among 12 Comprehensive ICF Core Sets for chronic disorders. This fact reflects the complex limitations in functioning and the numerous interactions with environmental factors. From the first version of the ICF Core Sets for depression as well as the preliminary studies for the bipolar disorder's core sets mental functions are mostly represented among the body functions domain. Few aspects important to mood disorders, as suicide, have been found to be relevant from both a systematic literature review and an expert survey in BD and in the consensus conference were the Core Sets for depression were establish but are not covered in the ICF.

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Prevalence of obesity using the body mass index and equivalent age- and sex-specific thresholds for percentage body fat mass

Obesity Research & Clinical Practice ◽

10.1016/j.orcp.2013.12.668 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. e93

Author(s):

Julie A. Pasco ◽

Haslinda Gould ◽

Kara L. Holloway ◽

Amelia G. Dobbins ◽

Mark A. Kotowicz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

The Body ◽

Body Fat Mass ◽

Percentage Body Fat ◽

Equivalent Age ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity ◽

Age And Sex

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Adaptation of mammalian protein metabolism to amino acid supply

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665100100126 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 28 (02) ◽

pp. 215-225

Author(s):

Hamish N. Munro

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Protein Metabolism ◽

External Environment ◽

The Body ◽

Metabolic Adaptation ◽

Internal Factors ◽

Physiological Adaptations ◽

Essential Nutrient ◽

Mammalian Protein

The metabolism of the animal is equipped to adapt to changes in both the internal and the external environment. Among internal factors are activity versus rest and sleep, and the menstrual cycle in the case of the female. Metabolism must also respond to variations in the external environment, such as heat and cold, and notably the availability of food. Metabolic adaptation to nutrient supply is of two kinds. First, there are transient physiological adaptations to the intermittent intake of nutritionally adequate meals. These short-lived adaptations account for a large part of the diurnal variations that have been observed in the protein metabolism of mammals (Wurtman, 1969). Secondly, long-term adaptive reactions occur when there is a decrease in availability of an essential nutrient in the diet. Under such circumstances, tissue constituents are lost to varying degrees from different parts of the body. It is proposed to discuss here mainly short-term physiological adaptations to variations in amino acid supply and their relevance to the needs of the body for dietary protein. Adaptive changes resulting from long-term protein deficiency are considered in the paper by Waterlow & Stephen (1969).

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Thyroxine concentrations and secretion rates in relation to pregnancy, lactation and energy balance in goats

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.1070421 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 107 (3) ◽

pp. 421-427 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

P. M. Riis ◽

A. Madsen

Keyword(s):

Plasma Concentrations ◽

High Energy ◽

The Body ◽

Secretion Rate ◽

Metabolic Adaptation ◽

Distribution Space ◽

Pregnancy And Lactation ◽

Average Distribution ◽

Distribution Spaces ◽

Secretion Rates

ABSTRACT Plasma thyroxine (T4) concentrations were measured during pregnancy and lactation in goats on diets with different energy concentrations to study the role of T4 secretion in metabolic adaptation to pregnancy and lactation. Thyroxine distribution space (the volume of fluid required to dissolve the total pool of circulating T4 at a concentration equal to that in the plasma) and secretion rates were determined by using 125I-labelled T4 at different stages of lactation and pregnancy. Plasma concentrations of T4 increased during lactation and reached maximum levels 4–5 months after giving birth. They then remained fairly constant for the following 2–3 months until the goats became pregnant again. Thyroxine concentrations decreased slightly during pregnancy and showed a sudden drop at the onset of lactation. Minimum concentrations were observed during the first 2–3 weeks of lactation after which time concentrations increased slowly. Average concentrations for goats on a low-energy diet were consistently lower than those in goats on a high-energy diet. The mean secretion rate was 10·4 nmol day−1 kg body wt−0·75. The distribution spaces were much lower than the total extracellular space. The average distribution space in non-pregnant and pregnant goats was 11 and 5·3% of the body weight respectively. The decrease in T4 secretion rate and T4 distribution space during pregnancy is considered to be part of a homeorhetic adaptation to the condition. The drop in T4 secretion rate at the onset of lactation appears to be a homeostatic adaptation to a decreased fuel supply, similar to the situation with fasting or energy malnutrition. J. Endocr. (1985) 107, 421–427

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Myointimal Hyperplasia in a Patient with Neuromyelitis Optica (Devic’s Disease) after the Creation of an Arteriovenous Graft

Case Reports in Neurology ◽

10.1159/000480230 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 252-255 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christina Rao ◽

Stephanie Fox ◽

Sapan S. Desai

Keyword(s):

Neuromyelitis Optica ◽

Significant Loss ◽

The Body ◽

Autoimmune Response ◽

Ptfe Graft ◽

Axillary Vein ◽

Arteriovenous Graft ◽

Loss Of Function ◽

Devic’S Disease ◽

Devic's Disease

Neuromyelitis optica, also known as Devic’s disease, is an autoimmune disorder that leads to the inflammation and demyelination of nerves. Devic’s disease primarily affects the optic nerve and spinal cord, but can lead to a significant loss of function throughout the body if not treated with steroid therapy or plasmapheresis. We recently saw a 62-year-old patient who received plasmapheresis for Devic’s disease through a PTFE arteriovenous graft in her left arm. Her graft clotted without warning, and percutaneous thrombolysis was not successful. A new vascular access was achieved with the use of an immediate-cannulation PTFE graft, and the patient received plasmapheresis immediately after her operation. However, the patient returned within 2 weeks with a thrombosed graft. Extensive myointimal fibrosis was noted within the brachial artery and axillary vein during a graft thrombectomy. Subsequent placement of a new arteriovenous fistula in her contralateral arm was eventually successful. Myointimal fibrosis may be a sequela of symptomatic antibody-positive Devic’s disease, and avoidance of synthetic materials may be indicated in this patient population to avoid exacerbation of an autoimmune response.

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