scholarly journals KILKA SPOSTRZEŻEŃ NA TEMAT PRAWA LITEWSKIEGO NA PRZEŁOMIE XVIII I XIX WIEKU W ŚWIETLE KSIĄG ZIEMSKICH SZAWELSKICH

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Sławomir Godek
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Specific Nature ◽  
Legal Representation ◽  
Forensic Practice ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Russian Military ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
New Instruments ◽  
Court Practice

A FEW OBSERVATIONS ON LITHUANIAN LAW AT THE TURN OF THE 18TH-19TH CENTURY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE SZAWLE (ŠIAULIAI) LEDGERSSummaryResearch on the legal, and especially forensic, practice in Lithuania after the dismemberment of Poland-Lithuania (1795) – an area of study embarked on only recently – should make up an important aspect of enquiry on the state of the law of Lithuania following the Partitions. In particular the aim should be to show the relationship between the former Lithuanian law and the new provisions introduced by the Partitioning Power. The specific nature of this relationship is shown by the example of the land court register (księgi ziemskie) for Szawle (Lith. Šiauliai) for 1794-1803. These records clearly show evidence of the efforts of the Russian Generals Sergei F. Golitsyn and Alexander P. Tormasov to restore the Lithuanian courts after the intermission caused by the Kościuszko Insurrection of 1794. The Russians introduced new instruments to jurisprudence including the duty to submit reports on the activities of the courts to the Russian military authorities, the use of the Julian calendar, and the issue of decisions and judgements on behalf of the Empress Catherine II. Details of these new requirements were defined in the ordinances issued by Nikolai V. Repnin, and frequently invoked. A Russian provinces act and new regulations on legal representation were also resorted to in court practice. In addition to these “foreign” elements, Šiauliai court practice shows that the old law and the 16th-century Lithuanian Statute and statutory acts passed by the Parliament of pre-partitional Poland-Lithuania still continued to be used.

The Conflict of Science and Religion: A Confusion Re-Visited

1990 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-38
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Piatt ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Scientific Explanation ◽  
Science And Religion ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Present View

From roughly the 16th century onwards, religiously oriented persons have engaged in what might appear to be a losing battle against the scientific community. With each new success of scientific explanation, religious traditionalists have been forced to either renounce or radically reinterpret doctrines which were previously regarded as "factual descriptions" of the way the world is. The situation just described has been changed by recent advances in the philosophy of science. The present view of the status of scientific explanation as found in such thinkers as Feyerabend, Goodman, and Von Fraasen is a far cry from the 17th-19th century respresentational realism. This raises the possibility that we need to reassess the relationship of religious assertions to scientific assertions.

‘Vat is the clock, Jack?’: Shakespeare and the Technology of Time

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Chiari
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Early Modern England ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Tactile Contact ◽  
New Instruments

Sophie Chiari opens the volume’s last section with an exploration of the technology of time in Shakespeare’s plays. For if the lower classes of the Elizabethan society derived their idea of time thanks to public sundials, or, even more frequently in rural areas, to the cycles and rhythms of Nature, the elite benefited from a direct, tactile contact with the new instruments of time. Owning a miniature watch, at the end of the 16th century, was still a privilege, but Shakespeare already records this new habit in his plays. Dwelling on the anxiety of his wealthy Protestant contemporaries, the playwright pays considerable attention to the materiality of the latest time-keeping devices of his era, sometimes introducing unexpected dimensions to the measuring of time. Chiari also explains that the pieces of clockwork that started to be sold in early modern England were often endowed with a highly positive value, as timekeeping was more and more equated with order, harmony and balance. Yet, the mechanization of time was also a means of reminding people that they were to going to die, and the contemplation of mechanical clocks was therefore strongly linked to the medieval trope of contemptus mundi.

The Germans and their Jewish Neighbors on the Ukrainian Areas at the Second Half of the 19th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
D. Meshkov
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
South West ◽  
Multiethnic Population ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

The article presents some of the author’s research results that has got while elaboration of the theme “Everyday life in the mirror of conflicts: Germans and their neighbors on the Southern and South-West periphery of the Russian Empire 1861–1914”. The relationship between Germans and Jews is studied in the context of the growing confrontation in Southern cities that resulted in a wave of pogroms. Sources are information provided by the police and court archival funds. The German colonists Ludwig Koenig and Alexandra Kirchner (the resident of Odessa) were involved into Odessa pogrom (1871), in particular. While Koenig with other rioters was arrested by the police, Kirchner led a crowd of rioters to the shop of her Jewish neighbor, whom she had a conflict with. The second part of the article is devoted to the analyses of unty-Jewish violence causes and history in Ak-Kerman at the second half of the 19th and early years of 20th centuries. Akkerman was one of the southern Bessarabia cities, where multiethnic population, including the Jews, grew rapidly. It was one of the reasons of the pogroms in 1865 and 1905. The author uses criminal cases` papers to analyze the reasons of the Germans participation in the civilian squads that had been organized to protect the population and their property in Ackerman and Shabo in 1905.

Byelorussian Nationalism and Western Russianism: the Problem of Confrontation

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 161-168
Author(s):  
Alexander D. Gronsky
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
The Government ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

The article examines the relationship between Western Russianism (Zapadnorusizm) and Byelorussian nationalism. Byelorussian nationalism is much younger than Western Russianism, finally shaping only in the end of the 19th century. Before 1917 revolution Byelorussian nationalism could not compete with Western Russianism. The national policy of the Bolsheviks contributed to the decline of Western Russianism and helped Byelorussian nationalism to gain stronger positions. However, Byelorussian nationalists actively cooperated with the occupation authorities during the Great Patriotic war. That caused distinctly negative attitude of Byelorussians towards the movement and collaborators. Currently, Byelorussian nationalism is supported both by the opposition and by the government. Western Russianism has no political representation, but is supported by the majority of Byelorussian population.

FINANCIAL CRISES AND THE PUBLICATION OF THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF BANKS IN SPAIN, 1844–1868

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Bernal Lloréns
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Financial Crises ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Banking Regulations ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Relationship

Financial crises have had a decisive influence on banking regulations in Spain. During the mid-19th century the publication of the financial statements of banks was considered key to the stability of the financial system. All new joint stock banking companies were to publish their statements in the Madrid Gazette in return for the privilege of limited liability. Similar obligations were placed on issuing banks. The copious publication of financial statements coincided with a period of financial prosperity. However, the crises that followed from 1864 to 1868 led to a reduction in the official publication of statements. This paper is concerned with an early response to crises in financial reporting. The study focuses on the relationship between the publication of accounting statements by banks and the GDP in Spain during the mid-19th century. The results suggest that the frequency of publication of financial statements may be an indicator of economic performance.

scholarly journals Integration of Business Processes With Activities and Information: Evidence From Brazil

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824402110061
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Magalhães Correia ◽  
Clarissa Figueredo Rocha ◽  
Luiz Carlos Duclós ◽  
Claudimar Pereira da Veiga
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Enterprise Architecture ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Information Architecture ◽  
Management Model ◽  
Science Parks ◽  
Specific Nature ◽  
Architecture Frameworks ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

This study proposes a management model by business processes for science parks based on the premises and concept of enterprise architecture (EA). The model offers integrating business processes with activities and information that can be generated by adopting customized information systems to meet the science parks’ needs. The proposed model’s main contributions included EA as a means for shaping and enabling reconfiguration through descriptions of the structures of business processes and information systems that connect these structures, forming business and information architecture frameworks. In association with these frameworks, the managers need to define a coherent set of patterns, policies, procedures, and principles that sustain the business processes integrated with the information systems. As a result of the study, this model can help management execute and control activities related to business processes in the parks through interaction and alignment with the information system intended to facilitate the execution. The model will also lead to greater agility and efficiency in these business processes, considering their specific nature and the relationship with the parks’ actors. As a practical contribution, knowledge of these processes aids the management of the parks in their drive for a competitive advantage by maintaining and developing their management models.

Contraste, Dissonanzen, Missklänge: Zum Verhältnis von Idylle und Tourismus in literarischen Schweiz-Reisen des 19. Jahrhunderts (Ida Hahn-Hahn, Hans Christian Andersen)

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-56
Author(s):  
Christian Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hans Christian Andersen ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The discrepancy between common temporary expectations of Switzerland as idyll on the one hand, and the reality of its industrially organized tourism on the other, imposes irritations upon the touristic gaze. This article, then, traces the origins of this discrepancy and examines the relationship between Swiss idyll and tourism in the 19th century. The analyses of Ida Hahn-Hahn’s Eine Idylle and Hans Christian Andersen’s Iisjomfruen showcase different ways of relating idyll and tourism to one another as well as the aesthetic merit produced by this constellation.

Origine et diffusion des expressions romanes du type jaune paille

2021 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-27
Author(s):  
Sara Matrisciano ◽  
Franz Rainer
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Short Discussion ◽  
Colour Term ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
And Diffusion

All major Romance languages have patterns of the type jaune paille for expressing shades of colour represented by some prototypical object. The first constituent of this pattern is a colour term, while the second one designates a prototypical representative of the colour shade. The present paper starts with a short discussion of the controversial grammatical status of this pattern and its constituents. Its main aim, however, concerns the origin and diffusion of this pattern. We have not found hard and fast evidence that Medieval Italian pigment compounds of the type verderame influenced the rise of the jaune paille pattern, which first appears in French in the 16th century. This pattern continued to be a minority solution during the 17th century, but established itself during the 18th century. In the 19th century, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese adopted the pattern jaune paille, while it did not reach Catalan and Romanian before the 20th century.

Remembering the Finnish sharp-shooter battalion’s involvement in the 1831 Polish-Russian War The controversial legacy of Finland’s first military campaign in the service of Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 111-133
Author(s):  
Jussi Jalonen
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Combat Experience ◽  
Russian Military ◽  
Military Campaign ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Military Units

Among the Russian military units assembled for the suppression of the Polish November Uprising was also the Finnish Sharp-Shooter Battalion. The war in Poland was the first combat experience of Finnish soldiers in Russian service. The service of the unit was hailed as a testimony of Finnish loyalty towards the Empire, but it left a mixed legacy. This article discusses the complicated place of the Polish Uprising and Finnish sharp-shooters in Finnish historical memory during the 19th century.

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