scholarly journals The effect of toxic metal As on the Matricaria Chamomilla L. medicinal plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-172
Author(s):  
Ecaterina Anca Serban ◽  
◽  
Gabriela Geanina Vasile ◽  
Stefania Gheorghe ◽  
Catalina Stoica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Bioaccumulation Factor ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Arsenic Content ◽  
Matricaria Chamomilla ◽  
Test Experiment ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
The One

The paper presents an experimental laboratory study of the bioaccumulation of the toxic metal arsenic in the medicinal plant chamomile (Matricaria Chamomilla L.). The study makes a comparison regarding the bioaccumulation capacity of the chamomile plant in which arsenic is found as a unique contaminant, as well as in mixtures of 2, 3, or 4 toxic metals (Cd, Ni and Pb) on a natural soil enriched with metals, compared to the chamomile plant developed on an unpolluted substrate. The tests followed the effects of soil pollution with metals on the germination and development of chamomile. The experimental results indicated that arsenic does not bioaccumulate in the chamomile plant, remaining in the soil. The experiment that was an exception is the one with arsenic as the only contaminant (E1) in which at 90 days, the arsenic content in the chamomile plant was 3.58 mg/kg arsenic, the value that is within normal limits, below the phytotoxic value of 5 mg/kg, but was higher than that determined in the plant from the control test experiment (<0.75 mg/kg). The bioaccumulation factor (BCF) after 90 days, in all experiments, either by a combination of metals or a single contaminant had values lower than 1, indicating that the plant does not accumulate arsenic. The total chlorophyll from the results obtained indicates that the toxicity in the E1 experiment is higher than in the metal mixture.

scholarly journals Geotechnical Evaluation of Diesel Contaminated Clayey Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6451
Author(s):  
Christian E. Hernández-Mendoza ◽  
Pamela García Ramírez ◽  
Omar Chávez Alegría
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Osmotic Suction ◽  
The One ◽  
Available Information ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Diesel Contamination

Soil contamination by different hydrocarbons has rapidly expanded worldwide, surpassing the self-purification capacity of soils and increasing the number of contaminated sites. Although much effort has been devoted to study the effects of diesel contamination on the geotechnical properties of soil, there is still limited available information about it. Moreover, there is no available information about the maximum diesel retention that soil can have and its effect on the geotechnical behavior of the soil. Thus, in this paper, we determined the maximum diesel retention by an unsaturated clayey soil and evaluated the impact of diesel contamination on its geotechnical properties. The results showed that the soil could only retain 12.6% of the added diesel and the excess was expulsed. At such a diesel concentration, the saturation rate of the soil was lower than 80%. Diesel contamination increased the plasticity and the internal friction angle of the soil, while its cohesion was considerably decreased. It should be noted that the matric suction of contaminated soil was lower than the one obtained for natural soil. However, its osmotic suction was considerably higher. This indicates that osmotic suction must be considered to evaluate the shear strength of contaminated soils.

scholarly journals Neurofibrillary Tangles in the Dementia of “Normal Pressure” Hydrocephalus

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvyn J. Ball
Keyword(s):  
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Neurofibrillary Tangle ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Dramatic Improvement ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Positive Linear Correlation ◽  
The One

SUMMARY:Routine neuropathological examination could not explain the dramatic improvement exhibited by one patient with “normal pressure” hydrocephalus after shunting. The improved patient contrasted remarkably with the unchanged condition of four others also shunted successfully. The five brains were analysed by quantitative morphometry to determine the degree of neurofibrillary tangle formation in mesial temporal neurons. The density of tangle-bearing nerve cells in the four unimproved cases was markedly greater than in age-matched control brains from nineteen normal subjects, and fell in the same range as that of eight dements with neuropathologically confirmed Alzheimer's disease. The density of the one who recovered was within normal limits.The duration of dementia before shunting, and the total duration of dementia in these five patients rank in the same order as their degree of neurofibrillary formation. Furthermore, a positive linear correlation exists between the Tangle Indices and the total duration of dementia. The data suggest that early diagnosis may improve the chances of reversing the dementia of normal pressure hydrocephalus before histological alterations prove too severe.

scholarly journals Effect of black tea on the transverse strength of heat-polymerized acrylic resin

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eni Rahmi ◽  
Zulkarnain Agus ◽  
Riezka Hanafiah Putri
Keyword(s):  
Testing Machine ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Transverse Strength ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
The One

Introduction: Heat-polymerized acrylic resin is the most basic denture material used. One of the mechanical properties of an acrylic resin is its transverse strength. The transverse strength test provides an overview of the material’s durability in accepting the load at mastication. Consumption of tea, especially black tea in the world placed the second most consumed. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of black tea on the transverse strength of heat-polymerized acrylic resin. Methods: This research was an experimental laboratory with 24 samples of heat-polymerized acrylic resin plate with the size of 65x10x2.5 mm. The sample was divided into 6 groups, each consisted of 4 samples. The first, second, and the third groups were immersed in aquadest for consecutively 1, 4, and 20 days. The fourth, fifth, and sixth groups were immersed in the black tea for consecutively 1, 4, and 20 days. The transverse strength was tested using the three-point bending method with the Universal Testing Machine. The results of the transverse strength measurement were then analyzed statistically by the One-way ANOVA test and Holm’s sequential Bonferroni posthoc test as an advanced test. Results: The results of the statistical test showed that p<0.05 (p=0.000) which means that the six groups have a significant difference in the average value of the transverse strength. Conclusion: The conclusion of this research was the black tea immersion duration was affecting the transverse strength differences of the heat-polymerized acrylic resin.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Cicer arietinum L. & Vigna mungo L. in remediation of Hexavalent Chromium

2021 ◽  
Vol 939 (1) ◽  
pp. 012069
Author(s):  
R Bansal ◽  
P Gauba
Keyword(s):  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Bioaccumulation Factor ◽  
Vigna Mungo ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Economic Use

Abstract Hexavalent Chromium is a major soil pollutant; thus, its remediation from soil deserves due attention. Phytoremediation is an area of active current research which is eco-friendly and economic. Use of leguminous plants for phytoremediation will improve soil quality, fertility and nutrient balance and would help in restoration of natural soil ecosystem. The present study focuses on the use of two commonly growing legumes; Cicer arietinum (RP1) and Vigna mungo (RP2) to explore their remediation potential towards Cr(VI) with concentration ranging from 100-900 mg kg−1 with the growth up to three weeks and were assessed for remediation potential and toxicity parameters. Higher percentage of decrease in root and shoot length was observed in RP2 as compared to RP1. Chlorophyll content was also found to be decreasing with increasing Cr stress in both the species. RP2 recorded higher BCF than RP1. Highest bioaccumulation factor 4.32 was observed in RP2 at 400 mg kg−1 concentration. Translocation factor >1 was observed in both the plants with highest as 1.67 at 600 mg kg−1 in RP2 and 1.93 at 400 mg kg−1 in RP1. Remediation percentage of 72.25% in RP2 at 600 mg kg−1 and 73.13% at 400 mg kg−1 in RP1 was observed. Both the plants showed high tolerance and remediation potential towards Cr(VI) therefore has a great phytoremediation prospect, however, RP2 can be preferred over RP1.

scholarly journals Ligninase Profiling and Optimization of Laccase Production from Indigenous Wood Rot Fungus (WRF) KLUM2 in Kirk Medium-Alkali Lignin Kayu Jati (MK-ALKJ)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Siti Mutmainah ◽  
Evi Susanti
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Laccase Production ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Alkali Lignin ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
Teak Wood ◽  
The One ◽  
Suspension Preparation

The production of ligninase by wood rot fungus (WRF) is determined by carbon source and growth condition. The goal of this study is to determine the ligninase profile produced by WRF KLUM2 in Kirk Medium using teak wood alkaline lignin as a carbon source known as Kirk Medium-Alkali lignin Kayu Jati (MK-ALKJ), optimization of dominant ligninase production in the MK-ALKJ compared to the one that is produced in the Kirk’s medium with glucose as a carbon source (MK-Glucose). This research was conducted in an experimental laboratory consisting of: (1) spore suspension preparation, (2) ligninase profiling at various growth times, (3) ligninase profiling at various temperature variations, (4) optimization of laccase production including pH and the amount of nitrogen source. Growth was identified based on the specific activity of lignin peroxidase (LiP), manganese peroxidase (MnP), and laccase. The results showed that relatively the three types of ligninase, namely LiP, MnP, and laccase, were produced in the same amount by the wood rotting fungus isolates KLUM2 in MK-ALJK. All three were produced with the highest yield of respectively 55.65; 52.48; 57.64 U/mg. Laccase as the dominant ligninase can be optimized to reach 83.52 U/mg by inoculating 2.107 spore cells in MK-ALKJ in 37 °C, pH = 3.5, and a nitrogen source of 20mM (NH4)2SO4 for 6 days. Therefore, it can be concluded that the ligninase activity of indigenous WRF KLUM2 in MK-ALJK medium is higher than in the MK-Glucose.

scholarly journals Bioaccumulation Potentials of Momordica charantia L. Medicinal Plant Grown in Lead Polluted Soil under Organic Fertilizer Amendment

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-294
Author(s):  
Ojo Michael OSENI ◽  
Omotola Esther DADA ◽  
Adekunle Ajayi ADELUSI
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Bioaccumulation Factor ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Safe Limit ◽  
Plant Grown ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Translocation Factors

This study investigated bioaccumulation factors and translocation factors of lead (Pb) by M. charantia so as to ascertain the bioaccumulation potentials of this medicinal plant. The elemental deposition of Pb were also assessed in order to compare the concentration of Pb present in plant tissues with the maximum permissible limits of 10 ppm recommended by WHO (1998, 2007). The experiment was a factorial combination of one heavy metal (Pb) at five levels of concentrations (0, 200, 400, 800 and 1,000 ppm) in a completely randomized design, replicated three times, with one medicinal plant species and two levels (0 and 9.4 g) of organic fertilizer (OBD- Plus). The seedlings were transplanted from nursery to experimental pots at the rate of one seedling per pot and grown for 10 weeks, after which the plants were harvested and dried for the analysis of Pb concentration both in soil and plant tissues using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The highest bioaccumulation factor for roots was 0.42 under fertilizer amendment, whereas the highest bioaccumulation factor for shoots was 0.26 under the same treatment. The highest transfer factor of M. charantia was 0.6. The results showed that M. charantia is a good phytostabilizer of Pb component. The highest lead deposition in the roots, which was 40% higher than in the shoots concentration, was above the safe limit; therefore this might pose health risks to human if consumed as herbal medicine.

scholarly journals Predicting heave on the expansive soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 03008
Author(s):  
Willis Diana ◽  
Anita Widianti ◽  
Edi Hartono ◽  
Agus Setyo Muntohar
Keyword(s):  
Research Study ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Foundation Design ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Design Life ◽  
Fundamental Part ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
Soil Information ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

The heave of expansive soil information is a fundamental part of the preparation of a foundation design to accommodate the anticipated volume change and consequences associated with the foundation movement over the design life of the structure. The one-dimensional oedometer is the most widely accepted method to identify and evaluate the amount of swell that may occur. Although the oedometer is used extensively for evaluating the amount of heave, the procedures used are quite varied, and few of the methods have been validated experimentally. An objective of this research study is to briefly explain common practices and existing heave prediction by oedometer methods and then, to validate by experimental laboratory heave tests using soil sample from Ngawi. The two prediction methods provided results that represent low and upper bound predictions of the actual soil heave movement in the laboratory. The difference between the prediction with heave measurement is about 29,50% and 45,02%, respectively.

MANAGEMENT IN BUSINESS

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 335-340
Author(s):  
Blerim Shehu
Keyword(s):  
Profit Rate ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Physical Presence ◽  
Interpersonal Power ◽  
Calculated Risk ◽  
The One ◽  
High Degree

This topic describes the concept and role of leadership, discusses what happens when a leader shows more or less leadership than it is, and explores the power of leadership morality. Leaders are fucused in people and how to increase future profit rate for future projects. They often demand from others. Leadership is related to the risks that can be taken and the rewards that may come from them. Focusing on a broader aspect, leaders inspire others, give ideas and raise morals to others. Leadership is merely the exercise of authority to guide the work of others, so the leader is the one who encourages others to follow him to achieve the goals set out beforehand. So they have the interpersonal power as an ability to influence the behavior of other people. Leadership is raising the vision of people in the highest horizon, raising their performance at the highest standard, building their personality beyond normal limits. Leaders are like front captains who not only inspire their soldiers with physical presence, but also command a proper attack from supporting weapons and exhibit a high degree of bravery and are not afraid of attacking the enemy. The leader is transformed into worth of honesty, takes the calculated risk and worries workers and consumers.

Language-Impaired 4-Year-Olds

1987 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. V. M. Bishop ◽  
A. Edmundson
Keyword(s):  
Language Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Language Impaired ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Outcome Group ◽  
Nonverbal Ability ◽  
Language Measures ◽  
The One ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

In a prospective, longitudinal study, 87 language-impaired children were assessed at the ages of 4, 4½, and 5½ years on a battery of language measures. In 37% of children, who were termed the "good outcome group," the language disorder had resolved by the age of 5½ years so that children were indistinguishable from a control group. If one restricted consideration only to those 68 children whose nonverbal ability was within normal limits, the figure rose to 44%. Outcome for individual children (good or poor) could be predicted with 90% accuracy on the basis of test measures obtained at 4 years. The best predictor was ability to tell back a simple story to pictures. The one language measure that did not relate to outcome was phonological competence.

scholarly journals Developmental exposure window influences silver toxicity but does not affect the susceptibility to subsequent exposures in zebrafish embryos

2020 ◽  
Vol 154 (5) ◽  
pp. 579-595
Author(s):  
Paige C. Robinson ◽  
Hannah R. Littler ◽  
Anke Lange ◽  
Eduarda M. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Zebrafish Embryos ◽  
Chemical Toxicity ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Developmental Exposure ◽  
Methylation Inhibitor ◽  
The One

AbstractSilver is a non-essential, toxic metal widespread in freshwaters and capable of causing adverse effects to wildlife. Its toxic effects have been studied in detail but less is known about how sensitivity varies during development and whether pre-exposures affect tolerance upon re-exposure. We address these knowledge gaps using the zebrafish embryo (Danio rerio) model to investigate whether exposures encompassing stages of development prior to mid-blastula transition, when chorion hardening and epigenetic reprogramming occur, result in greater toxicity compared to those initiated after this period. We conducted exposures to silver initiated at 0.5 h post fertilisation (hpf) and 4 hpf to determine if toxicity differed. In parallel, we exposed embryos to the methylation inhibitor 5-azacytidine as a positive control. Toxicity increased when exposures started from 0.5 hpf compared to 4 hpf and LC50 were significantly lower by 1.2 and 7.6 times for silver and 5-azacyitidine, respectively. We then investigated whether pre-exposure to silver during early development (from 0.5 or 4 hpf) affected the outcome of subsequent exposures during the larvae stage, and found no alterations in toxicity compared to naïve larvae. Together, these data demonstrate that during early development zebrafish embryos are more sensitive to silver when experiments are initiated at the one-cell stage, but that pre-exposures do not influence the outcome of subsequent exposures, suggesting that no long-lasting memory capable of influencing future susceptibility was maintained under our experimental conditions. The finding that toxicity is greater for exposures initiated at the one-cell stage has implications for designing testing systems to assess chemical toxicity.

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