Use of Hemoglobin for Delivering Exogenous Carbon Monoxide in Medicinal Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (18) ◽  
pp. 2949-2963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuaki Taguchi ◽  
Toru Maruyama ◽  
Masaki Otagiri
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stable Form ◽  
Oxygen Carriers ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Pharmaceutical Therapy ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Artificial Oxygen Carriers ◽  
Literature Evidence ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Carbon Monoxide (CO), at low concentrations, can have a variety of positive effects on the body including anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-proliferative effects. Although CO has great potential for use as a potent medical bioactive gas, for it to exist in the body in stable form, it must be associated with a carrier. Hemoglobin (Hb) represents a promising material for use as a CO carrier because most of the total CO in the body is stored associated with Hb in red blood cells (RBC). Attempts have been made to develop an Hb-based CO carrying system using RBC and Hb-based artificial oxygen carriers. Some of these have been reported to be safe and to have therapeutic value as a CO donor in preclinical and clinical studies. In the present review, we overview the potential of RBC and Hb-based artificial oxygen carriers as CO carriers based on the currently available literature evidence for their use in pharmaceutical therapy against intractable disorders.

Management of carbon monoxide poisoning

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djillali Annane ◽  
B. Jérôme Aboab
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ◽  
The Body ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Oxygen Carriers ◽  
Co Poisoning ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Broad Variety ◽  
Morbid Conditions

CO poisoning is the commonest cause of toxic death. Carbon monoxide is colourless, odourless, and tasteless, and is produced under various conditions. When people inhale CO, the gas diffuses rapidly to the body and replaces oxygen at the level of haemoglobin, myoglobin, and other oxygen carriers. Subsequently, CO causes oxygen deprivation of all body tissues. CO also induces oxidative stress and systemic inflammation. After CO poisoning a broad variety of symptoms may occur. Survivors of CO poisoning often present with persistent neurological sequels or develop delayed neurological symptoms. There is poor correlation between carboxyhaemoglobin levels and clinical symptoms. The presence of coma, underlying co-morbid conditions and need for mechanical ventilation are the main prognostic factors. Management includes prompt extraction from the toxic environment and breathing 100% oxygen, although the role and practicalities of hyperbaric oxygen therapy remain controversial.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Biodistribution, Preclinical and Clinical Applications of Radiolabelled Iodine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Soliman ◽  
Ahmed Alenezi ◽  
Abdullah Alrushoud ◽  
Salman Altimyat ◽  
Mousa Bakkari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Radiation Physics ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Reference Guide ◽  
Pharmaceutical Therapy ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Medical Physicists ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Adequate understanding of radiopharmaceutical distribution in the body of the patient has both spatial and temporal characteristics and they are the key factor to consider when planning successful radio pharmaceutical therapy, because they are an integral part of the radiation dosimetry calculations of any proposed personalized treatment. In this chapter we will focus on radioiodine therapy for thyroid cancer patients since it is a widely known practice in clinical oncology. Factors affecting the radioiodine organs’ distribution will be examined in sufficient details using the available published research in the scientific literature. The literature will be reviewed extensively and summarized in this chapter. Another aim is to provide the medical practitioners with a quick reference guide to this clinically important area of expertise; often mastered by medical physicists with background in radiation physics, mathematics and medical imaging analysis. This chapter will cover recent advances in the area of radioiodine biodistribution modeling with applications in preclinical and clinical studies.

Phase behavior of cationic and anionic surfactants at low concentrations

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 694-695
Author(s):  
E. Naranjo
Keyword(s):  
Phase Behavior ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Dynamic Systems ◽  
Anionic Surfactants ◽  
Intermolecular Forces ◽  
Stable Form ◽  
Surfactant Mixtures ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Cationic And Anionic Surfactants ◽  
General Method

Equilibrium vesicles, those which are the stable form of aggregation and form spontaneously on mixing surfactant with water, have never been demonstrated in single component bilayers and only rarely in lipid or surfactant mixtures. Designing a simple and general method for producing spontaneous and stable vesicles depends on a better understanding of the thermodynamics of aggregation, the interplay of intermolecular forces in surfactants, and an efficient way of doing structural characterization in dynamic systems.

Study of nickel-molybdenum catalysts for methanation of carbon monoxide

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 783-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Taras ◽  
Milan Pospíšil
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Mixed Oxides ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Fast Neutrons ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Γ Rays ◽  
Molybdenum Catalysts ◽  
Kinetics Of

Catalytic activity of nickel-molybdenum catalysts for methanation of carbon monoxide and hydrogen was studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry. The activity of NiMoOx systems exceeds that of carrier-free nickel if x < 2, and is conditioned by the oxidation degree of molybdenum, changing in dependence on the composition in the region Mo-MoO2. The activity of the catalysts is adversely affected by irradiation by fast neutrons, dose 28.1 Gy, or by γ rays using doses in the region 0.8-52 kGy. The system is most susceptible to irradiation in the region of low concentrations of the minor component (about 1 mol.%). The dependence of changes in catalytic activity of γ-irradiated samples on the dose exhibits a maximum in the range of 2-5 kGy. The changes in catalytic activity are stimulated by the change of reactivity of the starting mixed oxides, leading to different kinetics of their reduction and modification of their adsorption properties. The irradiation of the catalysts results in lowered concentration of the active centres for the methanation reaction.

scholarly journals Transition from Emotional to Rational Advertising for Food Products on the Romanian Market

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
A.F. Jităreanu ◽  
Elena Leonte ◽  
A. Chiran ◽  
Benedicta Drobotă
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Brand Advertising ◽  
Tangible Evidence ◽  
Health And Well Being

Abstract Advertising helps to establish a set of assumptions that the consumer will bring to all other aspects of their engagement with a given brand. Advertising provides tangible evidence of the financial credibility and competitive presence of an organization. Persuasion is becoming more important in advertising. In marketing, persuasive advertising acts to establish wants/motivations and beliefs/attitudes by helping to formulate a conception of the brand as being one which people like those in the target audience would or should prefer. Considering the changes in lifestyle and eating habits of a significant part of the population in urban areas in Romania, the paper aims to analyse how brands manage to differentiate themselves from competitors, to reposition themselves on the market and influence consumers, meeting their increasingly varied needs. Food brands on the Romanian market are trying, lately, to identify new methods of differentiation and new benefits for their buyers. Given that more and more consumers are becoming increasingly concerned about what they eat and the products’ health effects, brands struggle to highlight the fact that their products offer real benefits for the body. The advertisements have become more diversified and underline the positive effects, from the health and well - being point of view, that those foods offer (no additives and preservatives, use of natural ingredients, various vitamins and minerals or the fact that they are dietary). Advertising messages’ diversification is obvious on the Romanian market, in the context of an increasing concern of the population for the growing level of information of some major consumer segments.

MICROSCOPIC CHANGES IN THE INTERNAL ORGANS OF WHITE MICE DURING EXPERIMENTAL IRON (IV) CLATHROCHELATE TOXICOSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. V. Borysevych ◽  
◽  
V. V. Lisova ◽  
I. M. Derkach ◽  
S. S. Derkach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Response ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
The Body ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Experimental Drug ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
First Time

Iron (IV) clathrochelate based on a macrobicyclic ligand of the hexahydrazide type is a unique compound that contains iron in a rare high valence IV. Preclinical and clinical studies of this complex, which were started for the first time in Ukraine, have an important theoretical and practical consequence as this complex can be recommended as an active substance in iron-containing drugs with antianemic action. In conducting preclinical studies of new drugs, pathomorphological studies are important because they are a necessary step in studying the biological response of animals to the action of test substances. It was found that some pathological changes develop in the body of white mice under conditions of experimental acute and chronic iron (IV) clathrochelate intoxication. They correlated with the dose of the test compound. During chronic intoxication, the microscopic changes in the liver and kidney of white mice treated with iron (IV) clathrochelate at a dose of 1/10 DL50 were similar to the microscopic changes in the liver and kidney of mice treated with the experimental drug at a dose of 1/5 DL50. However, the severity of these changes was lower, reflecting a lower degree of organ damage. In the myocardium of mice treated with iron (IV) clathrochelate at a dose of 1/5 DL50 on the 10th day, as in acute iron (IV) clathrochelate poisoning, only edema was recorded. The prospects for further research are the study of microscopic changes in the organs of laboratory animals of other species during experimental iron (IV) clathrochelate toxicosis.

Body Shaping Through Aerobic Training in the Gym in Adult Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 97-107
Author(s):  
Alexandra Giurgiu ◽  
Iacob Hanțiu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Ideal Body Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Hip Circumference ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Ideal Body ◽  
Training Exercises

ABSTRACT. Introduction. Regular physical activity has positive effects on human body composition, even if not combined with a diet. For many people this activity aims to reduce the amount of fat in some areas of the body and targets body shaping. Objectives. The main objective of this study was to learn about the effects of a 12-months regular participation in aerobic training exercises. Methods. This study was voluntarily attended by 89 women with an average age of 31.62, practicing aerobic exercises in gyms, three times a week for a period of 12 months. We carried out anthropometric measurements of subjects at the beginning and at end of the study, respectively, and data was statistically analysed using the SPSS 23.0 software. Results. Data collected was statistically processed, showing that participation in physical training led to reducing body weight by 4.81 kg, decrease of adipose tissue - between the two moments there was a difference of 5 % - fat mass decreased by 4.26 kg, and lean body mass by 0.55 kg. Significant decrease in chest, waist and hip circumference was also noticed. Conclusions. Regular participation in physical training programs involving aerobic exercise for 12 months has had the effect of reducing body weight and the amount of fat in some areas of the body, materialized by decreasing the value of the circumference of the chest, waist and hips, with the intention of reaching the ideal body weight and aiming for body shaping.

Translational research of hemoglobin vesicles as a transfusion alternative

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiromi Sakai ◽  
Naoko Kobayashi ◽  
Tomoko Kure ◽  
Chie Okuda
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donation ◽  
Biologic Agent ◽  
Oxygen Carriers ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Phenothiazine Dyes ◽  
Artificial Oxygen Carriers ◽  
Donated Blood ◽  
Electron Mediators ◽  
Anti Inflammation

: Clinical situations arise in which blood for transfusion becomes scarce or unavailable. Considerable demand for a transfusion alternative persists because of various difficulties posed by blood donation and transfusion systems. Hemoglobin-vesicles (HbV) are artificial oxygen carriers being developed for use as a transfusion alternative. Just as biomembranes of red blood cells (RBCs) do, phospholipid vesicles (liposomes) for Hb encapsulation can protect the human body from toxic effects of molecular Hb. The main HbV component, Hb, is obtained from discarded human donated blood. Therefore, HbV can be categorized as a biologic agent targeting oxygen for peripheral tissues. The purification procedure strictly eliminates the possibility of viral contamination. It also removes all concomitant unstable enzymes present in RBC for utmost safety from infection. The deoxygenated HbVs, which are storable for over years at ambient temperature, can function as an alternative to blood transfusion for resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock and O2 therapeutics. Moreover, a recent study clarified beneficial effects for anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation by carbon monoxide (CO)-bound HbVs. Autoxidation of HbV (HbO2 → metHb + O2-.) is unavoidable after intravenous administration. Co-injection of methylene blue can extract the intraerythrocytic glycolytic electron energy effectively and reduce metHb. Other phenothiazine dyes can also function as electron mediators to improve the functional life span of HbV. This review paper summarizes recent progress of the research and development of HbV, aimed at clinical applications.

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