Nanoparticle mediated gene therapy: a trailblazer armament to fight CNS disorders

2022 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annu ◽  
Saleha Rehman ◽  
Bushra Nabi ◽  
Ali Sartaj ◽  
Sanjula Baboota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Viral Vectors ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Cns Disorders ◽  
Opt Out ◽  
Endogenous Genes ◽  
Or Genes

Abstract: Central nervous system (CNS) disorders account for boundless socioeconomic burdens with devastating effects among the population, especially the elderly. The major symptoms of these disorders are neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and cognitive dysfunction caused by inherited genetic mutations or by genetic and epigenetic changes due to injury, environmental factors, and disease-related events. Currently available clinical treatment for CNS diseases, i.e., Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, and brain tumor have significant side effects and are largely unable to halt the clinical progression. So, gene therapy displays a new paradigm in the treatment of these disorders with some modalities, varying from suppression of endogenous genes to expression of exogenous genes. Both viral and non-viral vectors are commonly used for gene therapy. Viral vectors are quite effective but associated with immunogenicity and carcinogenicity like severe side effects, and poor target cell specificity. Thus, non-viral vectors, mainly nanotherapeutics like nanoparticles (NPs), opt-out to be a realistic approach in gene therapy in achieving higher efficacy. NPs demonstrate a new avenue in pharmacotherapy for the delivery of drugs or genes to their selective cells or tissue thus providing concentrated and constant drug delivery to targeted tissues, minimizing systemic toxicity and side effects. The current review will emphasize the role of NPs in mediating gene therapy for CNS disorders treatment. Moreover, the challenges and perspectives of NPs in gene therapy will be summarized.

scholarly journals The war against cancer: Suicide gene therapy

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Muzeyyen Izmirli ◽  
Dilara Sonmez ◽  
Bulent Gogebakan
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Thymidine Kinase ◽  
Viral Vectors ◽  
Suicide Gene ◽  
Suicide Gene Therapy ◽  
Kinase Gene ◽  
Cancer Society

<p>The National Cancer Institute and the American Cancer Society announced that 1.6 million new cancer cases are projected to occur in the USA in 2016. One of the most innovative approaches against cancer is suicide gene therapy, in which suicide-inducing transgenes are introduced into cancer cells. When cancer treatments target the total elimination of tumor cells, there will be no side effects for normal cells. Cancer tissues are targeted through various targeted transport methods, followed by tissue-specific enzymes converting a systemically suitable prodrug into an active drug in the tumor. Suicidal genes are delivered by transporters, such as viral and non-viral vectors, into cancer cells. Suicide gene therapeutic strategies currently pursued are herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene with prodrug ganciclovir, cytosine deaminase gene, carboxyl esterase/irinotecan, varicella zoster virus thymidine kinase/6-methoxypurine arabinonucleoside, nitroreductase Nfsb/5-(aziridin-1-yl)-2,4-dinitrobenzamide, carboxypeptidase G2/4-[(2-chloroethyl)(2- mesyloxyethyl)amino]benzoyl-L-glutamic acid, cytochrome p450-isofosfamide, and cytochrome p450-cyclophosphamide. The goal of this review is to summarize the different suicide gene systems and gene delivery vectors addressed to cancer cells, with a particular emphasis on recently developed systems. Finally, we briefly describe the advantageous clinical applications and potential side effects of suicide gene therapy. </p>

scholarly journals Role of Lipid-Based and Polymer-Based Non-Viral Vectors in Nucleic Acid Delivery for Next-Generation Gene Therapy

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aniket Wahane ◽  
Akaash Waghmode ◽  
Alexander Kapphahn ◽  
Karishma Dhuri ◽  
Anisha Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Viral Vectors ◽  
Cationic Lipids ◽  
Nucleic Acid Delivery ◽  
Nucleic Acid Analogs ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Interfering Rna

The field of gene therapy has experienced an insurgence of attention for its widespread ability to regulate gene expression by targeting genomic DNA, messenger RNA, microRNA, and short-interfering RNA for treating malignant and non-malignant disorders. Numerous nucleic acid analogs have been developed to target coding or non-coding sequences of the human genome for gene regulation. However, broader clinical applications of nucleic acid analogs have been limited due to their poor cell or organ-specific delivery. To resolve these issues, non-viral vectors based on nanoparticles, liposomes, and polyplexes have been developed to date. This review is centered on non-viral vectors mainly comprising of cationic lipids and polymers for nucleic acid-based delivery for numerous gene therapy-based applications.

scholarly journals The role of thiamine as a resuscitator in patients with nonalcoholic medical and CNS disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (19) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Shehab-Eldin
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Thiamine Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Essential Factor ◽  
Cns Disorders ◽  
Water Soluble Vitamin

Thiamine (vitamin B1), a water-soluble vitamin, is an essential factor in cellular metabolismand fundamental cofactor in important biochemical cycles. Thiamine deficiency is a wellknowncause of neurological and cardiologic disorders, especially in patients with alcoholdependence. Recently, several researchers have studied the role of thiamine deficiency incritically ill patients and the link between thiamine supplementation and changes in lactatelevels in septic shock patients. The role of thiamine in this group of patients is still unclear;however, thiamine supplementation does not cause toxic side effects or increase morbidityor mortality. In this review, we discuss the most common conditions associated with thiaminedeficiency and the limited literature available on thiamine supplementation in critically illpatients.

Nanoparticle Based Gene Therapy Approach: A Pioneering Rebellion in the Management of Psychiatric Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-173
Author(s):  
Saleha Rehman ◽  
Bushra Nabi ◽  
Faheem Hyder Pottoo ◽  
Sanjula Baboota ◽  
Javed Ali
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Viral Vectors ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Nucleic Acid Delivery ◽  
Nanosized Materials

: The neuropsychiatric illnesses have been enigmatic, with no effective treatment to date. The complexity and heterogeneity of psychiatric disorders are daunting for the development of novel treatment modalities. The conventional treatment approaches are less effective and are associated with several side effects, thus creating the need for the development of more innovative strategies. Since psychiatric disorders are known to exhibit genetic linkage, gene therapy has created an interest among the researchers worldwide. The delivery of nucleic acids is a complex process requiring the transport of genetic material across various intracellular and extracellular barriers to reach the target cells eliciting the transfection process. Therefore, the identification or development of the delivery system for nucleic acid delivery still remains the challenge. Viral vectors are quite effective but are associated with toxicity and side effects. With the rapid advancement in the field of nanotechnology, nanosized materials were identified to be the perfect candidate for nonviral vectors in gene delivery. The biggest advantage of nanoparticles is that their surface can be engineered in many possible ways to deliver the drugs directly to the target site. Although gene therapy has already been established as an innovative treatment modality for several neurological diseases, its use in psychiatry still warrants more investigations for its translation into clinical use. The present manuscript discusses the prospects of gene therapy in psychiatric disorders, their benefits, and pitfalls. The review embarks upon the importance of nanoparticle-based gene therapy for effective management of psychiatric disorders.

scholarly journals Charting Spiritual Care in Digital Health: Analyses and Perspectives

2020 ◽  
pp. 213-222
Author(s):  
Simon Peng-Keller
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Spiritual Care ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Religion And Spirituality ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
Healthcare Chaplaincy

Abstract This final contribution draws together the various lines of discussion. It outlines the main arguments as well as the points of convergence between transnational developments. Taking up the introductory chapters, the reasons for the rapid development of chaplaincy documentation in the last two decades are examined. The rise of charting spiritual care is understood as an aspect of the ongoing digitalization of society and healthcare. At least three further drivers are clearly identifiable: the emergence of a new paradigm of healthcare chaplaincy, the development of interprofessional spiritual care, and remarkable changes in Western societies concerning the role of religion and spirituality in public spaces. In current discussions about recording spiritual care in EMRs, there is a growing convergence on at least four points. First, used as a tool for planning, coordination, and self-evaluation, digital charting can benefit the work of chaplains. Second, it can also have undesired side effects. Third, any future healthcare chaplaincy will have to be a part of the evolving process of digital recording. Fourth, the ongoing change in healthcare and society forces chaplains to become clearer about its nature and role. In sum, the task of charting spiritual care into EMRs might be seen as a bureaucratic burden. However, with its questions of the “who,” the “what,” and the “how,” it touches the heart of chaplaincy as a spiritual profession in healthcare. The paper concludes with an outline of a possible future for the practice of charting spiritual care.

scholarly journals Prevention error medications in geriatric

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sawsan Al-Madi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Drug Events ◽  
Inappropriate Prescribing ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologic Drugs ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

The global population of multimorbidity in old people is growing steadily. And The important point  is that significant percentages of the elderly have several con­comitant diseases, which leads to the concomitant use of three or more medications, and physiologic changes which could affect drug pharmacokinetics(absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) and pharmacodynamics (the effect a drug has on the body). which increases their risk of inappropriate prescribing (IP),drug–drug interactions,drug–disease interactions, adverse drug events (ADEs),and medication errors, and there are  a lot of traditional methods to reduce prescribing errors like the role of education in physician prescribers and clinical pharmacists, the use of implicit and explicit prescribing criteria designed to improve medication appropriateness in older people, and the application of information and communication-technology systems to minimize errors.But we can minimize the errors and the side effects by using new methods to drug delivery,one of which is the erythrocyte-based drug delivery. These systems are especially efficient in releasing drugs in circulations for weeks, have a large capacity, can be easily processed and can accommodate traditional and biologic drugs. These carriers have also been used for delivering antigens and/or contrasting agents. Erythrocyte-based delivery of new and conventional drugs is thus experiencing increasing interests in drug delivery and in managing complex pathologies especially when side effects could become serious issues.

Theoretical origins of pension legislation: political and legal doctrines of the Middle Ages

2021 ◽  
pp. 185-198
Author(s):  
Anna V. Aleksandrova
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Disabled Persons ◽  
Special Role ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Middle Ages

We consider the political and legal doctrines of the Middle Ages, containing the principles and ideas that served as the basis for the pension legislation of European countries and Russia, passed in the following centuries. We reveal the special role of religious doctrines in the development of key approaches to social protection of the elderly and other disabled persons. We substantiate the conclusion that the development of a specific model for the protection of personal data depended on the peculiarities of understanding charity in Orthodoxy, Catholicism or Protestantism. We examine the views of Saint Augustine and Thomas Aquinas on the social function of the state and its role in ensuring the basic needs of the individual. We analyze the doc-trines of the utopian socialists of the 16th–17th centuries (T. Mora, T. Cam-panella, J. Winstanley, E.-G. Morelli), consider their main ideas regarding the provision of the elderly and other disabled persons. We substantiate the ur-gency of referring to the works of medieval philosophers at the present time in connection with the need to search for a new paradigm for the develop-ment of pension legislation. We conclude that the role of the principle of uni-versal equal distribution of the social product is growing in the context of economic constraints and a pandemic.

scholarly journals Personal DNA sequence modification: a potential new modality for gene transmission and therapy as well as mammalians evolution.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled M.E Elawdan ◽  
Youssof K Elawdan ◽  
Ezzat A. Eldrieny ◽  
Mohammed B. Samy
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Viral Vectors ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Foster Mother ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Or Genes ◽  
Possible Cause ◽  
Wet Nurse ◽  
Milk Feeding

Abstract Objective: Changes in DNA sequence are usually caused by viruses, certain chemicals and radiation as well as by transposons, somatic hyper mutation and errors during meiosis. We can consider gene therapy as an induced DNA sequence changes by inserting certain gene or genes, through viral vectors mainly. Anyhow, many problems met gene therapy like short-lived nature, need for multiple rounds of that therapy, immune response for gene or vector as foreigners, problems with viral vectors and malignancy induction. Wet nurse or foster suckling mother means breastfeeding an infant that is not one's biological offspring which was a job from ancient Egyptians times till the present. Results: Here we show a significant change in DNA sequence in babies after foster mothers suckling compared to their DNA before suckling foster mother suggesting presence of potential factors in foster mother milk which can change DNA sequence in babies before weaning. This may open the door to study milk as a new potential method for gene transmission and therapy. A method, that probably overcome many of problems meeting gene therapy as well as a possible cause for evolution in mammalians if we consider cross nursing during milk feeding from other species before weaning.

Prospective Memory Development Across the Lifespan

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sascha Zuber ◽  
Matthias Kliegel
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Present Model ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Integrative Framework

Abstract. Prospective Memory (PM; i.e., the ability to remember to perform planned tasks) represents a key proxy of healthy aging, as it relates to older adults’ everyday functioning, autonomy, and personal well-being. The current review illustrates how PM performance develops across the lifespan and how multiple cognitive and non-cognitive factors influence this trajectory. Further, a new, integrative framework is presented, detailing how those processes interplay in retrieving and executing delayed intentions. Specifically, while most previous models have focused on memory processes, the present model focuses on the role of executive functioning in PM and its development across the lifespan. Finally, a practical outlook is presented, suggesting how the current knowledge can be applied in geriatrics and geropsychology to promote healthy aging by maintaining prospective abilities in the elderly.

Man am I Stoned, I think! The role of experience and side effects in the perception of drug effects

1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelis Bakker ◽  
Albert S. Carlin ◽  
Robert Heaton ◽  
Reese T. Jones ◽  
Theodore X. Barber
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Drug Effects
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