Advances in the Use of Anti-inflammatory Agents to Manage Chemotherapy-induced Oral and Gastrointestinal Mucositis

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (14) ◽  
pp. 1518-1532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaishnavi J. Mahendran ◽  
Andrea M. Stringer ◽  
Susan J. Semple ◽  
Yunmei Song ◽  
Sanjay Garg
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Factor Kappa B ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Gastrointestinal Mucositis ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Natural Medicines ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Mucositis is a side effect associated with the use of chemotherapy, and has a significant impact on the quality of life. Mucositis, by definition, refers to the inflammation of the mucosa and occurs throughout the alimentary tract from the mouth to anus. Nuclear Factor kappa B (NFκB) encompasses a family of transcription factors, which upregulate pro-inflammatory cytokines. These are recognized as key targets in developing therapeutic interventions for chemotherapy-induced mucositis, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibition may also be beneficial in reducing the severity and duration. This review focuses on the pathobiology of chemotherapy-induced oral and gastrointestinal mucositis and recent research examining the role of agents with anti-inflammatory activity in treatment and prevention of the condition. We consider agents in clinical use as well as some others under current investigation including plant-derived and other natural medicines.

scholarly journals Periodontal, metabolic, and cardiovascular disease: Exploring the role of inflammation and mental health

Pteridines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hina Makkar ◽  
Mark A. Reynolds ◽  
Abhishek Wadhawan ◽  
Aline Dagdag ◽  
Anwar T. Merchant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Improve Quality ◽  
Previous Evidence ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
Reciprocal Interactions ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Potential Interactions

AbstractPrevious evidence connects periodontal disease, a modifiable condition affecting a majority of Americans, with metabolic and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This review focuses on the likely mediation of these associations by immune activation and their potential interactions with mental illness. Future longitudinal, and ideally interventional studies, should focus on reciprocal interactions and cascading effects, as well as points for effective preventative and therapeutic interventions across diagnostic domains to reduce morbidity, mortality and improve quality of life.

Obesity: the modern view of a problem

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 333-338
Author(s):  
Evgenii E. Achkasov ◽  
S. I. Rapoport ◽  
S. D. Runenko ◽  
A. O. Razina
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Interdisciplinary Programs ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Quality Of Food ◽  
And Control

The article is a review of recent epidemiological observations concerning the prevalence of overweight and obesity in different countries among people of different gender, age. social and ethnic groups. It also presents and analyses health risks and comorbidities leading to disability and death as reported by domestic and foreign researchers. It was found that obesity has multifactorial pathogenesis directly related to energy balance, consumed and expended calories. The need of a multidisciplinary approach to the treatment and prevention of the disease is emphasized taking into consideration the influence of the environment and increasing urbanization on the development of the pathology as well as the role of government efforts to stimulate physical activity of the population in the framework of integral interdisciplinary programs and control over the quality of food. The priority areas for the correction of overweight include optimization of motor activity and diet correction.

scholarly journals Homocysteine and psoriasis

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiran Lin ◽  
Xianmin Meng ◽  
Zhiqi Song
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Nuclear Factor Kappa B ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target ◽  
Serum Homocysteine ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Abstract Psoriasis is caused by a complex interplay among the immune system, genetic background, autoantigens, and environmental factors. Recent studies have demonstrated that patients with psoriasis have a significantly higher serum homocysteine (Hcy) level and a higher prevalence of hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHcy). Insufficiency of folic acid and vitamin B12 can be a cause of HHcy in psoriasis. Hcy may promote the immuno-inflammatory process in the pathogenesis of psoriasis by activating Th1 and Th17 cells and neutrophils, while suppressing regulatory T cells. Moreover, Hcy can drive the immuno-inflammatory process by enhancing the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines in related to psoriasis. Hcy can induce nuclear factor kappa B activation, which is critical in the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis. There may be a link between the oxidative stress state in psoriasis and the effect of HHcy. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) may play a protective role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and the deficiency of H2S in psoriasis may be caused by HHcy. As the role of Hcy in the pathogenesis of psoriasis is most likely established, Hcy can be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of psoriasis. Systemic folinate calcium, a folic acid derivative, and topical vitamin B12 have found to be effective in treating psoriasis.

scholarly journals A Translational Perspective of Maternal Immune Activation by SARS-CoV-2 on the Potential Prenatal Origin of Neurodevelopmental Disorders: The Role of the Cholinergic Anti-inflammatory Pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Javier Reyes-Lagos ◽  
Eric Alonso Abarca-Castro ◽  
Juan Carlos Echeverría ◽  
Hugo Mendieta-Zerón ◽  
Alejandra Vargas-Caraveo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Activation ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Inflammatory Pathway ◽  
Maternal Immune Activation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Psychophysiological Data

The emergent Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) could produce a maternal immune activation (MIA) via the inflammatory response during gestation that may impair fetal neurodevelopment and lead to postnatal and adulthood mental illness and behavioral dysfunctions. However, so far, limited evidence exists regarding long-term physiological, immunological, and neurodevelopmental modifications produced by the SARS-CoV-2 in the human maternal-fetal binomial and, particularly, in the offspring. Relevant findings derived from epidemiological and preclinical models show that a MIA is indeed linked to an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in the offspring. We hypothesize that a gestational infection triggered by SARS-CoV-2 increases the risks leading to neurodevelopmental disorders of the newborn, which can affect childhood and the long-term quality of life. In particular, disruption of either the maternal or the fetal cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) could cause or exacerbate the severity of COVID-19 in the maternal-fetal binomial. From a translational perspective, in this paper, we discuss the possible manifestation of a MIA by SARS-CoV-2 and the subsequent neurodevelopmental disorders considering the role of the fetal-maternal cytokine cross-talk and the CAP. Specifically, we highlight the urgent need of preclinical studies as well as multicenter and international databanks of maternal-fetal psychophysiological data obtained pre-, during, and post-infection by SARS-CoV-2 from pregnant women and their offspring.

scholarly journals Current evidence for COVID-19 therapies: a systematic literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (159) ◽  
pp. 200384
Author(s):  
Tobias Welte ◽  
Lucy J. Ambrose ◽  
Gillian C. Sibbring ◽  
Shehla Sheikh ◽  
Hana Müllerová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Standard Care ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Significant Efficacy ◽  
Immunomodulatory Therapies

Effective therapeutic interventions for the treatment and prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are urgently needed. A systematic review was conducted to identify clinical trials of pharmacological interventions for COVID-19 published between 1 December 2019 and 14 October 2020. Data regarding efficacy of interventions, in terms of mortality, hospitalisation and need for ventilation, were extracted from identified studies and synthesised qualitatively. In total, 42 clinical trials were included. Interventions assessed included antiviral, mucolytic, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory therapies. Some reductions in mortality, hospitalisation and need for ventilation were seen with interferons and remdesivir, particularly when administered early, and with the mucolytic drug, bromhexine. Most studies of lopinavir/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine did not show significant efficacy over standard care/placebo. Dexamethasone significantly reduced mortality, hospitalisation and need for ventilation versus standard care, particularly in patients with severe disease. Evidence for other classes of interventions was limited. Many trials had a moderate-to-high risk of bias, particularly in terms of blinding; most were short-term and some included low patient numbers.This review highlights the need for well-designed clinical trials of therapeutic interventions for COVID-19 to increase the quality of available evidence. It also emphasises the importance of tailoring interventions to disease stage and severity for maximum efficacy.

scholarly journals GRP78 in lung cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengkai Xia ◽  
Wenzhe Duan ◽  
Wenwen Liu ◽  
Xinri Zhang ◽  
Qi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Prognostic Biomarker ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Protein Response ◽  
First Time

AbstractGlucose-regulating protein 78 (GRP78) is a molecular chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that promotes folding and assembly of proteins, controls the quality of proteins, and regulates ER stress signaling through Ca2+ binding to the ER. In tumors, GRP78 is often upregulated, acting as a central stress sensor that senses and adapts to changes in the tumor microenvironment, mediating ER stress of cancer cells under various stimulations of the microenvironment to trigger the folding protein response. Increasing evidence has shown that GRP78 is closely associated with the progression and poor prognosis of lung cancer, and plays an important role in the treatment of lung cancer. Herein, we reviewed for the first time the functions and mechanisms of GRP78 in the pathological processes of lung cancer, including tumorigenesis, apoptosis, autophagy, progression, and drug resistance, giving a comprehensive understanding of the function of GRP78 in lung cancer. In addition, we also discussed the potential role of GRP78 as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for lung cancer, which is conducive to improving the assessment of lung cancer and the development of new therapeutic interventions.

scholarly journals Features of purulent pododermatitis course in cattle

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (83) ◽  
pp. 286-289
Author(s):  
N.M. Khomyn ◽  
A.R. Mysak ◽  
S.V. Tsisinska ◽  
V.V. Pritsak
Keyword(s):  
Successful Treatment ◽  
Rapid Recovery ◽  
Microscopic Fungi ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Orthopedic Diseases ◽  
Biophysical Indices ◽  
Hygienic Conditions

The article deals with the results of researches of many scientists concerning the pathogenesis of purulent pododermatitis in cattle. A considerable distribution of orthopedic diseases, in particular pododermatitis in highly productive cows, has been established. It is proved that untimely corrective cleansing of the hoof, and as a consequence of deformation, prolonged stall content, unsatisfactory zoo-hygienic conditions, in particular, the high content of ammonia in the air, moisture, nymphs on the floor, the imbalance of ration of feeds, the deficit in ration of nutrients and minerals, the absence of the mition and insolation, leads to a deterioration in the quality of the hoof, which is manifested by changes in biochemical and biophysical indices. This leads to aseptic pododermatitis, and penetration into the area of the sole of the microflora and microscopic fungi contributes to the purulent inflammation of the base of the skin of the hoof soles in the livestock. The theoretical substantiation and practical confirmation of the role of microscopic fungi in the pathogenesis of purulent pododermatitis in cattle, which is to destroy hoof keratin, which is due to the keratolytic properties of fungi. It has been scientifically proven that the identification of keratomycetes in the hoof horn is important in the diagnosis of purulent poddlermatitis in animals and influences the choice of directions for their successful treatment. It was established that the elimination of negative conditions of keeping, feeding, corrective cleansing, provision of animals for motion and insolation in combination with the application for therapeutic purposes of substances that possess not only anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, but also fungicidal properties contributes to the rapid recovery of orthopedic animals.

scholarly journals The Level Of Knowledge on the Use Of NSAIDs As Analgesic For Dysmenorrhea Case In Faculty of Health Universitas Muhammadiyah Lamongan

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 287
Author(s):  
Primanitha Ria Utami ◽  
Devi Ristian Octavia ◽  
Selly Septi Fandinata
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Pain Reliever ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The University

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (anti-inflammatory) drugs, or better known as NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs) or NSAIDs are a group that has analgesic (pain reliever), anti-pyretic (fever) properties. to determine the level of knowledge on the use of NSAIDs as anti-pain in cases of dysmenorrhea in the University of Muhammadiyah Lamongan. The research design used in this research is descriptive, in taking the sample using the total sampling technique. Collecting data by distributing questionnaires with data analysis presented in tabular form. The results of this study indicate that of the 266 respondents, almost all respondents know about knowledge of dysmenorrhea well (83.8%). In the results of this study, there were still respondents who did not know the proper use of NSAIDs as analgesic. So in this case the role of pharmaceutical personnel is needed in providing information or education to people who consume NSAIDs, in order to achieve a quality of life for the community and avoid unwanted therapeutic responses. Keywords : NSAID ; dysmenorrhea ; analgesic 

scholarly journals Niacin Ameliorates Neuro-Inflammation in Parkinson’s Disease via GPR109A

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 4559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Banabihari Giri ◽  
Kasey Belanger ◽  
Marissa Seamon ◽  
Eric Bradley ◽  
Sharad Purohit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Raw264.7 Cells ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Neuro Inflammation ◽  
Precise Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

In this study, we used macrophage RAW264.7 cells to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory actions of niacin. Anti-inflammatory actions of niacin and a possible role of its receptor GPR109A have been studied previously. However, the precise molecular mechanism of niacin’s action in reducing inflammation through GPR109A is unknown. Here we observed that niacin reduced the translocation of phosphorylated nuclear kappa B (p-NF-κB) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the nucleus of RAW264.7 cells. The reduction in the nuclear translocation in turn decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 in RAW264.7 cells. We observed a decrease in the nuclear translocation of p-NF-κB and the expression of inflammatory cytokines after knockdown of GPR109A in RAW264.7 cells. Our results suggest that these molecular actions of niacin are mediated via its receptor GPR109A (also known as HCAR2) by controlling the translocation of p-NF-κB to the nucleus. Overall, our findings suggest that niacin treatment may have potential in reducing inflammation by targeting GPR109A.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document