Regulation of Histone Deacetylases by MicroRNAs in Bone

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Shreya ◽  
D. Malavika ◽  
V. Raj Priya ◽  
N. Selvamurugan
Keyword(s):  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Osteoblast Differentiation ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Signaling Cascades ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Regulatory Factors ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Class Iv

Formation of new bone by osteoblasts is mediated via the activation of signaling pathways, such as TGF-β, BMP, and Wnt. A number of transcription factors participate in the signaling cascades that are tightly regulated by other regulatory factors. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are one such class of regulatory factors that play an essential role in influencing chromatin architecture and regulate the expression of the genes that play a role in osteoblast differentiation by the mechanism of deacetylation. Four classes of HDACs have been identified namely, class I, class II A, class II B, class III and class IV. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small fragments of non-coding RNAs typically 19-25 nucleotides long that target mRNAs to upregulate or downregulate gene expression at a post-transcriptional level. A number of miRNAs that target HDACs in bone have been recently reported. Hence, in this review, we elaborate on the various miRNAs that target the different classes of HDACs and impact of the same on osteogenesis.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS ON THE PATTERN OF USING THE SERVICE OF REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURE MAKING IN A DENTAL LABORATORY IN SURABAYA

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 270
Author(s):  
Okti Setyowati ◽  
Endang Kusdarjanti
Keyword(s):  
Dental Health ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Removable Partial Denture ◽  
Partial Denture ◽  
Metal Framework ◽  
Removable Denture ◽  
Class Iv

The making of removable denture is performed by a dental laboratory. To facilitate the identification, according to Kennedy classification, classes are divided onto groups, the Kennedy class I, II, III and IV. To suit with the needs of the dental laboratory tasks commonly done, priority are necessary for common cases and should to be taught to students of Dental Health Technology Diploma. In Surabaya, research of various cases of removable partial denture with the various Kennedy classifications has never been done before. This study was to analyze the pattern of service for the removable partial denture manufacture in dental laboratory at Surabaya (2011 – 2013). The research is an observatory analytic. The population is all dental laboratories located around the campus of the Faculty of Dentistry Airlangga University Surabaya. The sample was the whole population is willing to become respondents. Sampling by total sampling. The method of collecting data using secondary data from a dental laboratory in Surabaya from 2011 until 2013. The note is cases removable denture according to the classification of Kennedy that Kennedy Class I, II, III and IV. Also of note kinds of materials used to make the denture base that is heat cured acrylic resins, thermoplastic resins and metals coherent. The data is a compilation table charting the frequency until needed, then analyzed using cross tabulation. Mostly denture type is flexible type and the least is metal framework. Most cases by classification Kennedy is followed by class II class III and class II and more recently is the fourth. In conclusion, in 2011 and 2013 the manufacture of removable partial dentures according to the classification of Kennedy Class III is the most common in both the upper arch and lower jaw, followed by Class II, Class I and Class IV. In 2012 which is the highest grade III followed by class II, class IV and class I. The denture type most used is a flexible denture, followed acrylic denture and the last is the metal framework.

scholarly journals Experience of post-infarction left ventricular aneurysm reconstruction with on-pump beating heart technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 500-504
Author(s):  
D G Tarasov ◽  
I I Chernov ◽  
A V Molochkov ◽  
A V Pavlov
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Beating Heart ◽  
Class I ◽  
Left Ventricular Aneurysm ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Left Ventricular Reconstruction ◽  
Class Iv

Aim. To evaluate the results of surgical treatment of post-infarction left ventricular aneurysms with on-pump beating heart technique. Methods. In our center from April, 2009 to January, 2014 169 patients had reconstruction of the left ventricle with on-pump beating heart technique. Among the patients 159 were males (94.1%) and 10 of them were females (5.9%), average age 53.8±8.9 years (39 to 72 years). Angina pectoris class I (according to the classification of Canadian Heart Association) was established in 7 (4.1%) patients, class II - in 49 (29.0%), class III - in 107 (63.3%), class IV - in 4 (2.4%), unstable angina in 2 (1.2%) patients. Chronic heart failure class I (according to New York Heart association functional classification) was diagnosed in 5 (3.0%) patients, class II in 37 (21.9%), class III in 124 (73.4%), class IV in 3 (1.8%) patients. Average ejection fraction of the left ventricle was 38.6±7.9% (25 to 67%). Mitral valve insufficiency stage 2-3 was revealed in 23 (13.6%) patients. Results. Endoventriculoplasty of the left ventricle by Dor's technique was performed in 49 (29.0%) patients, auto-septoplasty of the left ventricle - 59 (34.9%) patients, linear repair in 40 (23.7%) patients. Combined surgical interventions were performed in 21 (12.4%) patients. In-hospital lethality was 2.4% (n=4). Conclusion. Left ventricular reconstruction with on-pump beating heart technique without cardioplegic arest is effective and safe; the method allows performing remodelling of the left ventricle and reaching the target volume parameters.

scholarly journals Outcome of Albumin Infusion in Heart Failure Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Ashaduzzaman Talukder ◽  
Mohamed Mausool Siraj ◽  
Md Noornabi Khondokar ◽  
SM Ahsan Habib ◽  
Md Abu Salim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Nyha Class ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Albumin Infusion ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Class Iv

Background: Heart Failure (HF) is a major public health burden worldwide. Approximately 5 million Americans, 0.4–2% of the general European population and over 23 million people worldwide are living with heart failure. Like few other chronic disease, low serum albumin is common in patients with heart failure (HF). However, very few studies evaluated the outcome of albumin infusion in different stages of HF. Therefore, the objective of this study is to assess the outcome of albumin infusion in heart failure patients. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study. A total of 50 cases of chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and NYHA class III or IV with serum albumin level <2.5g/dl who were admitted in CCUwere selected by purposive sampling, from September 2017 to August 2018. 100ml of 20% albumin was infused and serum albumin was measured after 3 days. Then the patients were divided into two groups, Patients who failed to attain serum albumin of 3g/dl(Group A) or Patients who attained serum albumin of ≥3g/dl (Group B). Analysis and comparison for symptomatic improvement of heart failure by NHYA classification and LVEF was done at 10th day after infusion between group A and B. Result: Among the 50 patients, mean age of patients was 53.64 ± 13.44 years (age range: 26-84 years) with a male-female ratio of 3:2 (60%-male vs 40%- female). Majority patients were previously re-admitted at least two times (40%), 28% were re-admitted once, 16% were re-admitted three times and 4% were re-admitted for four times. Of all, 56% patients presented NYHA class IV and AHA stage D heart failure (56%) and 44% patients presented with NYHA class III and AHA stage C. At day 10 follow up following albumin infusion, overall frequency of following ten days of albumin therapy, in group B, 8 patients (72.7%) among Class III improved to Class I and 3 patients (27.3%) improved to class II. Also, 7 patients (50%), 5 patients (35.7%) and 2 patients (14.3%) among class IV improved to respectively class I, class II and class III. In group A, 3 patients (27.3%) among class III improve to class II and 8 patients (72.7%) remain in class III. Also, 2 patients (14.3%), 5 Patients (35.7%) and 7 patients (50%) among class IV improve to respectively class I, class II and class III. Moreover, statistically significant improvement was noted in ejection fraction of patents irrespective of initial class of heart failure (p<0.001) in group B patients compare to group A (p<0.09). Conclusion: In this study, the improvement of heart failure was more in patients who attained albumin level of ≥3g/dl.Therefore, in can be concluded that albumin infusion improves both subjective and objective improvement of patients with heart failure. University Heart Journal Vol. 15, No. 2, Jul 2019; 47-53

scholarly journals PENGELOLAAN EKOSISTEM MANGROVE BERBASIS SILVOFISHERY DI KECAMATAN CIBUAYA, KABUPATEN KARAWANG

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Yudhi Amrial ◽  
Hefni Effendi ◽  
Ario Damar
Keyword(s):  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Alternative Scenario ◽  
Multiplication Process ◽  
Class Average ◽  
Class Iv

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan pola pengelolaan silvofishery melalui pengoptimalanskenario kelas tambak silvofishery terpilih. Analisis penelitian menggunakan analisis trade off dengantiga alternatif skenario yaitu (1) tambak silvofishery kelas II (persentase tegakan mangrove dalam tambak(61%-80%), (2) tambak silvofishery kelas III (40%-60%), dan (3) tambak silvofishery kelas IV (<40%)serta lima kriteria yaitu ekologi, bioteknik budidaya, sosial, ekonomi dan kelembagaan. Hasil analisistrade off memperlihatkan urutan skor dari tiga skenario tambak silvofishery yaitu (1) skenario kelas IIImerupakan skenario dengan skor rataan tertinggi sebesar 56,88 disusul (2) skenario kelas II denganskor rataan 45,03 dan (3) skenario kelas IV dengan skor rataan 31,51 sedangkan bobot kriteria tertinggididapatkan pada (1) kriteria ekonomi dengan bobot 0,40 (2) kriteria ekologi dengan bobot 0,23 (3) kriteriabioteknik budidaya dengan bobot 0,16 (4) kriteria kelembagaan dengan bobot 0,13 dan (5) kriteria sosialdengan bobot 0,08. Hasil perkalian skor dengan bobot didapatkan prioritas alternatif kebijakan dalampengembangan silvofishey yaitu alternatif pertama skenario kelas III dengan total nilai (66,68), alternatifkedua skenario kelas IV (40,73) dan alternatif ketiga skenario kelas II (36,99). Implikasi kebijakan yangdapat dilakukan adalah mendorong tambak silvofishery kelas IV menjadi tambak silvofishery kelasIII. Dengan demikian, penggarap tambak diwajibkan menanam kembali mangrove hingga mencapai60% mangrove dan 40% tambak. Adapun tambak silvofishery kelas II (persentase 61-80%) dapatdijadikan Pusat Percontohan Silvofishery bagi masyarakat sekitar atau wisata berbasis pendidikan bagimasyarakat umum.Title: Mangrove Ecosystem Managemet Based on Silvofisheryin Cibuaya District, KarawangThe purpose of this study is arrange silvofishery management system with optimizing the choosenpond class scenario. Analysis that use in this study is trade off analysis with three alternative, they are(1) Class I (the percentage of mangrove stands in a fishpond more than (> 80%), (2) Class II (61 – 80%),(3) Class III (40% - 60%), dan Class IV (< 40%). The result from trade off analysis showed rangking ofscore for each class based on 5 criteria, they are (1) class III scenario, in this class the highest averageof score is 56,88; (2) class II scenario, in this class average of score is 45,03; (3) class IV scenario,in this class the highest average score is 31,51. Trade off also showed rangking of weight for eachclass, the rangking are (1) weight of economy criteria is 0,40; (2) weight of ecology criteria is 0,23; (3)weight of bioengineering cultivation criteria is 0,16; (4) weight of institutional criteria is 0,13; (5) weightof social criteria is 0,08. The result from multiplication process be obtained that the first alternativescenario is Class II (with total value 66,68), the second alternative scenario iss Class IV (40,73), and thethird alternative scenario is Class II (36,99). Therefore, Perhutani should encourage tenants Silvofisheryfourth grade (Class IV) (percentage mangrove <40%) to Class III (mangrove percentage 60%. Thus,tenants are required to replant mangrove farms in fishponds that have been deforested up to 60% and40% of mangrove fishponds. The ponds class II (percentage 61-80%) can be used as the Pilot CenterSilvofishery or education tourism for society.

scholarly journals Transforming Growth Factor β1 and Myocardial Remodeling in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure of Ischemic Genesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
N. E. Zakirova ◽  
A. N. Zakirova ◽  
D. F. Nizamova
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β1 ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Myocardial Remodeling ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iv

Aim. To study the presence and nature of correlations between the level of transforming growth factor β1 (TFR-β1) and structural and functional parameters of the heart in the development of myocardial remodeling and fibrosis in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) of ischemic origin.Material and methods. The study included 120 men with class II-IV CHF who have history of myocardial infarction, which are divided into 3 groups depending on the CHF class. The control group included 25 healthy men. Assessment of left ventricular (LV) structural-functional state was carried out by echocardiography. Investigation of TFR-β1 and N-terminal precursor indices of cerebral natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP) was performed by enzyme immunoassay.Results. Patients with class II-IV CHF were hyperexpression of ТФР-β1, the levels of which increased significantly as NYHA class increased and CHF progressed. The most significant structural-geometric rearrangement of LV and hyperactivation ТФР-β1 recorded in patients with class IV CHF (77.2±6.33 ng/ml with class IV CHF versus 46.7±3.74 ng/ml and 58.9±4.75 ng/ml with class II and III CHF; р< 0.05). In patients of class III-IV CHF, correlation relationships between ТФР-β1 level and echocardiographic parameters (LV myocardial mass index are established: r = 0.56, p = 0.05; end systolic volume index: r = 0.52, p = 0.05; value of LV ejection fraction: r = -0.48, p=0,05). Significant direct relationships are established in patients with class III-IV CHF between ТФР-β1 level and NT-rgo BNP levels (r=0,44; р=0,05).Conclusion. The intensity of myocardial remodeling and fibrosis processes in patients with a progressive course of CHF is related to ТФР-β1 hyperexpression and is associated with a high level of activity of natriuretic peptides.

scholarly journals Long-term results of electrical stimulation of the left vagus nerve in treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy in patients of different ages

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
S. A. Katyshev ◽  
T. A. Skoromets ◽  
A. G. Naryshkin ◽  
A. V. Vtorov ◽  
M. N. Klochkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Class I ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Drug Resistant Epilepsy ◽  
Class Iv ◽  
Left Vagus

Currently, the effectiveness of medical and surgical treatment of focal forms does not exceed 75 %. In cases when control over attacks by means of conservative therapy is not possible, and resection indications for surgical intervention are not present, the use of vagus nerve electrical stimulation is recommended.The study objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of vagus nerve electrical stimulation in treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy depending on the type of the disease and patient age.Materials and methods. Retrospective analysis of treatment results of 45 patients (22 children between 2 and 17 years of age (mean age 12.3 years) and 23 adults between 18 and 62 years of age (mean age 29.4 years)) with drug-resistant epilepsy was performed. All patients were implanted with electric stimulator of the left vagus nerve. Control examination was carried out 1 year after surgery, the evaluation method – McHugh scale.Results. In the child group, the results corresponded to class I per the McHugh sale in 30 % of cases, class II – in 26 %; class III – in 26 %, class IV – in 18 %. In the adult group, the results corresponded to class I in 18 % of cases, class II – in 19 %, class III – in 37 %, class IV – in 26 %. In patients with duration of the disease >10 years, results of electrical stimulation were good or excellent in 44 % of cases, for patients with duration between 5 and 10 years – in 40 % of cases, with duration <5 years – in 60 %, but due to small sample size the results are not statistically significant. In patients with simple partial seizures, the treatment was effective in 4 (54 %) of 7 cases, in patients with generalized seizures – in 16 (42.8 %) of 38 cases. The best results were also obtained for interventions in patients between 10 and 15 years of age.Conclusion. Children respond better to vagus nerve electrical stimulation; in the adult age group, it is noted that patients with aura have a better response to therapy with vagus nerve electrical stimulation; smaller epianamnesis is associated with better efficiency; patients with symptomatic epilepsy have a worse response to therapy, than patients with cryptogenic epilepsy; there were no gender differences in the effectiveness of vagus nerve electrical stimulation.

scholarly journals Adjustments in the tetrazolium test methodology for assessing the physiological quality of chickpea seeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humberto Alencar Paraíso ◽  
Delacyr da Silva Brandão Junior ◽  
Ramon Ivo Soares Avelar ◽  
Candido Alves da Costa ◽  
Luan Souza de Paula Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Test Methodology ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Tetrazolium Test ◽  
Class Iv

Abstract: Quick tests are essential tools to evaluate seed quality. The objective of this study was to adapt the methodology of tetrazolium test, by identifying the most suitable pre-conditioning parameters of imbibition temperature and duration, and tetrazolium solution concentrations, in order to assess the physiological quality of chickpea seeds. Also, this work proposed the separation of lots in classes, according to the viability and vigor of the seeds. Three lots of chickpeas (lot 1 - BRS Aleppo C1, lot 2 - BRS Aleppo basic, and lot 3 - Cicero) were evaluated. They were analyzed according to three combinations of imbibition temperature and duration (41 °C for 4 hours, 41 ºC for 6 hours, and 30 ºC for 18 hours) and two tetrazolium concentrations (0.1% and 0.5%). The imbibition at 41 °C for 4 or 6 hours, and at 30 ºC for 18 hours allowed clear visualization of injuries in the seeds after immersion in 0.1% tetrazolium solution. The intense coloration formed by the 0.5% solution of this salt prevented the differentiation of the types of damage. In addition, it was possible to separate the seeds into four classes: class I (viable and vigorous, without damages), class II (viable and vigorous, with superficial injuries), class III (viable and non-vigorous), and class IV (non-viable).

Morphology classification of circulating tumor cells could be a predictor of recurrent disease in patients with non-small cell lung cancer after surgery.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15530-e15530
Author(s):  
Yun Wu ◽  
Yuxu Niu ◽  
Fanzhen Lv ◽  
Wen Gao ◽  
Xiaoyong Shen
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Recurrent Disease ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class V ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Class Iv

e15530 Background: CTCs have been widely used in monitoring the efficacy and prognosis of lung cancer. However, CTCs number count alone cannot accurately predict the recurrent disease in patients. In this study, we investigate whether the morphology classification of CTCs could be as a prognostic marker for increased risk of recurrence after surgery. Methods: In this study, 105 lung cancer patients (median age 68y) who underwent surgery were prospectively enrolled in this study. Samples were obtained before, after, and serially up to 24 months after surgery. CTCs were collected and morphology classified by utilizing a CTC test workflow which uses negative enrichment and immunofluorescence methods to capture and identify CTCs from blood sample. Captured CTCs (epithelial type) were screened with a customized imaging analysis pipeline, a cytological profile of each CTC was created, including cell size, shape, fluorescent intensity and texture etc. Results: The CTC detection rate was 78.1% (78 of 105) prior to surgery, and a total of 726 CTCs were enumerated. Median CTC count number was 3. 5 classes of CTCs with distinct morphological features were observed in lung cancer patients’ CTC tests, briefly, CTC class I and class II possessed large nuclei but relatively lower epithelial expression level, CTC class III, IV, V possessed small nuclei but relatively higher epithelial expression level, CTC class III possessed irregular shaped nuclei, CTC class V possessed relatively lower nuclei/cytoplasm ratio. Class III accounted for the highest proportion of captured CTCs III, about 35.5% with Class I 14.8%, Class II 15.3%,Class IV 17.8% and Class 5 16.6%. Postoperative recurrence and metastasis were observed in 16 patients. CTCs positive were found in 14 patients (87.5%). 145 CTCs were collected, Median CTC count number was 3,Cluster III accounted for 47.3%, with Class I 11.8%,Class II 13.3%,Class IV 14.5% and Class V 11.8%; Patients with Cluster 3 dominant were associated with increased risk of local recurrence ( p < 0.05) and distant metastasis ( p < 0.05). Conclusions: Small and irregular nuclei CTC is significant associated with increased risk of recurrence disease. Morphology Classification of circulating tumor cells is feasible in monitoring the recurrence of disease and may potentially identify the patients who may benefit from further therapy.

scholarly journals Control of Flagellar Gene Regulation in Legionella pneumophila and Its Relation to Growth Phase

2009 ◽  
Vol 192 (2) ◽  
pp. 446-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Albert-Weissenberger ◽  
Tobias Sahr ◽  
Odile Sismeiro ◽  
Jörg Hacker ◽  
Klaus Heuner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Class Iii Genes

ABSTRACT The bacterial pathogen Legionella pneumophila responds to environmental changes by differentiation. At least two forms are well described: replicative bacteria are avirulent; in contrast, transmissive bacteria express virulence traits and flagella. Phenotypic analysis, Western blotting, and electron microscopy of mutants of the regulatory genes encoding RpoN, FleQ, FleR, and FliA demonstrated that flagellin expression is strongly repressed and that the mutants are nonflagellated in the transmissive phase. Transcriptome analyses elucidated that RpoN, together with FleQ, enhances transcription of 14 out of 31 flagellar class II genes, which code for the basal body, hook, and regulatory proteins. Unexpectedly, FleQ independent of RpoN enhances the transcription of fliA encoding sigma 28. Expression analysis of a fliA mutant showed that FliA activates three out of the five remaining flagellar class III genes and the flagellar class IV genes. Surprisingly, FleR does not induce but inhibits expression of at least 14 flagellar class III genes on the transcriptional level. Thus, we propose that flagellar class II genes are controlled by FleQ and RpoN, whereas the transcription of the class III gene fliA is controlled in a FleQ-dependent but RpoN-independent manner. However, RpoN and FleR might influence flagellin synthesis on a posttranscriptional level. In contrast to the commonly accepted view that enhancer-binding proteins such as FleQ always interact with RpoN to fullfill their regulatory functions, our results strongly indicate that FleQ regulates gene expression that is RpoN dependent and RpoN independent. Finally, FliA induces expression of flagellar class III and IV genes leading to the complete synthesis of the flagellum.

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