Molecular and Biological Functions of Melatonin in Endometrial Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 519-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Maleki Dana ◽  
Fatemeh Sadoughi ◽  
Moein Mobini ◽  
Rana Shafabakhsh ◽  
Shala Chaichian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Obesity Hypertension ◽  
Cancer Inhibition

Endometrial cancer is the fifth leading cancer among women. This rate is higher in developed countries and its incidence is increasing worldwide. Diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension and arteriosclerosis are major risk factors for endometrial cancer. Melatonin is a hormone synthesized in the pineal and extra-pineal organs such as the digestive tract, bone marrow, retina and more. Evidence shows the potential effects of melatonin in endometrial cancer inhibition. Therefore, the focus of this paper is to review this outstanding evidence and to summarize the molecular and biological mechanisms of melatonin for the inhibition of endometrial cancer.

Review on Mucormycosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (07) ◽  
pp. 401-407
Author(s):  
Deepthi Somarouthu ◽  
Vasantha Thota ◽  
Kalyani Ampolu
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Tissue Necrosis ◽  
Uncontrolled Diabetes ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Anti Fungal ◽  
Pcr Targeting ◽  
Nose And Throat

Mucormycosis is a opportunistic fungal infection that occurs in patients who are immunocompramised. The fungus causing mucormycosis belongs to the class of zygomycetes and the order of mucorales. It is highly life-threatening mycotic infection that is characterised by angioinvasion, infarction, and tissue necrosis. The risk factors include uncontrolled diabetes mellitus in ketoacidosis, various forms of metabolic acidosis, treatment with corticosteroids, organ or bone marrow transplantation etc. The diagnosis is challenging and treatment should start as early as possible to decrease mortality. Diagnosis is based on symptoms such as, in case of sinusitis, sinus biopsies are required. Ear, nose and throat endoscopy should be done. Molecular identification of mucormycosis can help in confirming diagnosis and identify the fungus from genus to species level. Different techniques are as follows: DNA probes targeting 18S subunit, ITS1 sequencing after PCR with pan-fungal primers, 18S-targeted semi-nested PCR and real time PCR targeting cytochrome b gene. The therapeutic approach should be multimodal including anti-fungal agents, surgical debridement, and correction of underlying symptoms predisposing the patient to disease.

Schizophrenia and diabetes: Epidemiological data

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (S4) ◽  
pp. S345-S348 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Rouillon ◽  
F. Sorbara
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Antipsychotic Drugs ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Poor Glycaemic Control ◽  
Younger Patients ◽  
Age And Sex

AbstractThe association of diabetes mellitus and mental illness, in particular, schizophrenia, has been remarked upon for over a century. Recentepidemiological studies have shown the age- and sex-matched prevalence of diabetes in patients with schizophrenia to be 1.5–2 times those in the general population. This difference is particularly noticeable in younger patients. The explanation for this finding probably resides in both environmental and biological factors. Patients with schizophrenia tend to be sedentary and have a poor diet, which are both known risk factors for diabetes. However, familial studies have indicated a heritable component to the risk of diabetes in patients with schizophrenia. A number of biological mechanisms have been proposed to explain this, including neuroendocrine changes and neurodevelopmental anomalies, but none are entirely satisfactory. In addition, it has been suggested that treatment with antipsychotic medication may potentially increase the risk of diabetes and account for some of the increased prevalence seen in patients with schizophrenia. It has been suggested that different antipsychotic drugs may differ in their ability to facilitate the emergence of poor glycaemic control in patients with schizophrenia. However, the situation is far from clear and more work is required to accurately assess the potential risk associated with different antipsychotic drugs.

scholarly journals Lymphedema in Endometrial Cancer Survivor: A Nationwide Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 4647
Author(s):  
Su-Jeong Lee ◽  
Jun-Pyo Myong ◽  
Yun-Hee Lee ◽  
Eui-Jin Cho ◽  
Sung-Jong Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Gynecological Cancer ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Health Care Resources

Background: Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological cancer in developed countries. Treatment-related lymphedema negatively affects the quality of life and function of patients. This study investigated the cumulative incidence and risk factors of, and utilization of health care resources for, lymphedema in patients with endometrial cancer. Methods: We conducted a nationwide, retrospective cohort study of women with endometrial cancer who underwent cancer-direct treatment using the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database. Patients were categorized by age, region, income, and treatment modality. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to analyze the incidence and risk factors of lymphedema. We also analyzed utilization of health care resources for lymphedema using diagnostic and treatment claim codes. Results: A total of 19,027 patients with endometrial cancer were evaluated between January 2004 and December 2017. Among them, 2493 (13.1%) developed lymphedema. Age (<40 years, adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1 vs. 40–59 years, aOR = 1.413; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.203–1.66 vs. 60+ years, aOR = 1.472; 95% CI 1.239–1.748) and multimodal treatment (surgery only, aOR = 1 vs. surgery + radiation + chemotherapy, aOR = 2.571; 95% CI 2.27–2.912) are considered to be possible risk factors for lymphedema in patients with endometrial cancer (p < 0.001). The utilization of health care resources for the treatment of lymphedema has increased over the years. Conclusions: Lymphedema is a common complication affecting women with endometrial cancer and leads to an increase in national healthcare costs. Post-treatment surveillance of lymphedema, especially in high-risk groups, is needed.

scholarly journals Association of endometrial carcinoma with obesity and diabetes mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-127
Author(s):  
Shirin Akter Begum ◽  
Tasfia Mahmud ◽  
Mehriban Amatullah
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Endometrial Carcinoma ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes

Background: Endometrial cancer, previously referred to as carcinoma of the uterus. The incidence of endometrial cancer is raising, due to improved screening causing fewer hysterectomies in ageing population. Several studies are going on to find out the association and effects between DM and DM-related diseases, especially the cancer. Obesity and physical inactivity plays important role as modifiable determinants of insulin resistance, hyperinsulinaemia and diabetes. All these factors are also responsible for endometrial cancer. Objectives: To find out the association between endometrial carcinoma with obesity and diabetes mellitus Methods: This was a cross sectional and observational study, conducted among. 50 consecutive patients admitted as known case of endometrial carcinoma diagnosed by fractional curettage and endometrial biopsy and 50 consecutive patients having other common gynaecological problems in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka from January 2015 to December 2017. Results: Out of 50 women having endometrial carcinoma, only 4% (n=2) having healthy BMI, 36% (n=18) were overweight, 60% (n=30) were obese. Among 50 healthy women without endometrial carcinoma showed that 4% (n=2) having underweight, 70% (n=35) having healthy BMI, 14% (n=7) having overweight and only 12% (n=6) were obese. Regarding distribution of diabetes mellitus among study population, 50 women having endometrial carcinoma 26 % (n=13) were diabetic and 74% (n=37) were non diabetic.50 healthy women without endometrial carcinoma showed that 8% (n=4) diabetic and 92% (n=46) were non diabetic. Among total 17% (n=17) diabetic patients, 76.5% (n-13) having endometrial carcinoma and 23.5% (n=4) were healthy having no endometrial carcinoma. Among 83% (n=83) women having no diabetes 55.4% (n=46) were healthy having no endometrial carcinoma and 44.6% (n=37) having endometrial carcinoma. Association between Diabetes mellitus and endometrial carcinoma was statistically significant (p=0.017).  Having high BMI (overweight, obese) and diabetics had significant elevated risks of endometrial cancer, compared with non-overweight non-diabetic subjects. Conclusion: Obesity, history of PCOS, physical inactivity and diabetes are the risk factors of endometrial carcinoma. So, it should be treated promptly these diseases to reduce risk factors. Moreover, strengthen public awareness to address these risk factors at earlier to reduce the cancer burden is recommended. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2020; 46(2): 120-127

scholarly journals Double Burden, Non-Communicable Diseases And Risk Factors Evaluation In Sub-Saharan Africa: The Nigerian Experience

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E Ekpenyong ◽  
N.E, Udokang ◽  
E.E. Akpan ◽  
T.K. Samson
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Central Adiposity ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Respiratory Disorders ◽  
Obesity Hypertension

This study was aimed to assess the age and sex specific burden and associated risk factors ofNCDs in adult population of South-South Nigeria. It was a cross-sectional study conducted inUyo Metropolis, in 2009/2010; with 2780 participants (1447 males and 1333 females) aged 18-60years. Instruments of survey were: a semi-structured questionnaire, anthropometric and nonanthropometric measures using standard procedures. The overall prevalence of NCDs was 32.8%.Disease specific prevalence was as follows: 25%, 14.4%, 12.7%, 20.1% and 10% for obesity,hypertension, diabetes mellitus, musculoskeletal disorders and respiratory disorders respectively.Males’ vs females’ prevalence were: 20.7% vs 29.5%; 12.6% vs 12.2%; 9.7% vs 16.0%; 14.0% vs26.5% and 8.6% vs 7.6% for obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, musculoskeletal disordersand respiratory disorders respectively. Risk factors with increase odds for NCDs were: age, area ofresidence, work stress, triglyceride levels and positive family history. Physical inactivity, high totalcholesterol level, high general adiposity, high central adiposity and poor dietary habits were equallysignificantly associated. The high prevalence of NCDs in Nigeria was precipitated by modifiableand un-modifiable life style factors. Intervention programmes should focus on these factors toreverse the trend.

scholarly journals Analysis Of Risk Factors Of Mellitus Diabetes At Hospital H. Andi Sulthan Daeng Radja Bulukumba

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Hardianti ◽  
Haerani ◽  
Amirullah
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
P Value ◽  
Coronary Insufficiency ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Obesity Hypertension

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a health disorder in the form of a collection of symptoms caused by an increase in blood sugar (glucose) levels due to insulin deficiency or resistance. DM can cause complications such as hypertension, myocardial infarction, coronary insufficiency, diabetic retinopathy, cataracts, diabetic neuropathy, and others. Factors associated with diabetes mellitus are gender, age, genetic factors, obesity, hypertension, stress, cholesterol levels, and diet. From the results of a preliminary study conducted by researchers on July 25, 2018, with as many as 80 respondents, 40 respondents who experienced DM and 40 respondents who did not experience DM. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with the incidence of diabetes mellitus in H.Andi Sulthan Hospital Daeng Radja Bulukumba in 2018 This study uses analytical design with a "case-control" approach. The population in this study is 228 people. The sample of this study were 80 respondents (40 respondents with DM and 40 respondents who were not DM) with a purposive sampling method. The results of the study were carried out using statistical tests obtained that gender, age, genetic factors, obesity, hypertension, stress, cholesterol levels, and dietary patterns are risk factors for diabetes mellitus which obtained by (p-value = <0.005) so that it can be concluded that there is a relationship of gender, age, genetic factors, obesity, hypertension, stress, cholesterol levels and diet with the incidence of diabetes mellitus in H.Andi Sulthan Daeng Radja Bulukumba Hospital. It is recommended for hospitals to cooperate in promotive and preventive efforts by providing counseling or information media in the hospital environment.

scholarly journals Investigation of risk factors to coronary heart disease in two countryside villages

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisleine Elisa Cavalcante da Silva ◽  
Roberto Barbosa Bazotte ◽  
Rui Curi ◽  
Maria Angélica Rafaini Covas Pereira da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Obesity Hypertension

The aim of this study was to investigate risk factors to coronary heart disease in two countryside villages in the State of Paraná, southern Brazil, typical in terms of the poverty and lack of access to public health care. All population was invited to participate in the study. The 462 volunteers (61.3% female, mean age = 42 years) showed high prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (7.0%), hypertriglyceridemia (19.0%), hyperglycemia (11.0%), hypertension (30.0%) and obesity (16.0%). The majority of the individuals, during the interview did not report the diseases detected by the testes. The results revealed that the high prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, obesity, hypertension and diabetes mellitus could be consequence of the delayed detection of these diseases or inadequate treatment after diagnostic.

scholarly journals Incidence and risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus in individuals with different fasting plasma glucose levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 204201882092884
Author(s):  
Yumei Han ◽  
Shan Zhang ◽  
Shuo Chen ◽  
Jingbo Zhang ◽  
Xiuhua Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Obesity Hypertension

Objective: Our aim was to examine the incidence and risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among individuals with different fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels. Methods: According to the first FPG value recorded between January 2006 and December 2017, individuals without T2DM (FPG <7 mmol/L) were divided into three groups: normal fasting glucose (NFG, FPG < 5.6 mmol/L), slightly impaired fasting glucose (IFGlow, 5.6 mmol/L ⩽ FPG < 6.1 mmol/L), and severely impaired fasting glucose (IFGhigh, 6.1 mmol/L ⩽ FPG < 7.0 mmol/L). Physical examination results, blood biochemical indicators, and questionnaire survey data were collected and the T2DM incidence was examined during the follow-up period. A Cox regression model was used to analyze the T2DM risk factors in the three groups. Results: A total of 44,852 individuals (55.33% men) were included in our study. During the follow-up period (mean follow-up time: 3.73 ± 0.01 years), 2912 T2DM cases occurred. The T2DM incidence rate of the NFG, IFGlow, and IFGhigh groups were 1.5%, 22.2%, and 43.8%, respectively ( p < 0.05). In the NFG group, the risk factors for T2DM were older age, overweight, obesity, hypertension, hyperuricemia, and increased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR); the protective factors were female sex and high high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). In the IFGlow group, the risk factors for T2DM were older age, overweight, obesity, hypertension, and high total cholesterol (TC); the protective factors were increased triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and HDL-C. In the IFGhigh group, the risk factors for T2DM were older age, obesity, high eGFR, and high TC; the protective factors were female sex, hyperuricemia, high LDL-C, and high HDL-C (all, p < 0.05). Conclusions: The increased T2DM rates were associated with increased FPG. Risk factors for T2DM vary in the NFG, IFGlow, and IFGhigh groups.

scholarly journals Preeclampsia Across Pregnancies and Associated Risk Factors: Findings From a High‐Risk US Birth Cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Michelle Ogunwole ◽  
George Mwinnyaa ◽  
Xiaobin Wang ◽  
Xiumei Hong ◽  
Janice Henderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Subsequent Pregnancy ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Hypertension ◽  
Obesity Hypertension ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background Preeclampsia increases women's risks for maternal morbidity and future cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to identify opportunities for prevention by examining the association between cardiometabolic risk factors and preeclampsia across 2 pregnancies among women in a high‐risk US birth cohort. Methods and Results Our sample included 618 women in the Boston Birth Cohort with index and subsequent pregnancy data collected using standard protocols. We conducted log‐binomial univariate regression models to examine the association between preeclampsia in the subsequent pregnancy (defined as incident or recurrent preeclampsia) and cardiometabolic risk factors (ie, obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, preterm birth, low birth weight, and gestational diabetes mellitus) diagnosed before and during the index pregnancy, and between index and subsequent pregnancies. At the subsequent pregnancy, 7% (36/540) had incident preeclampsia and 42% (33/78) had recurrent preeclampsia. Compared with women without obesity, women with obesity had greater risk of incident preeclampsia (unadjusted risk ratio [RR], 2.2 [95% CI, 1.1–4.5]) and recurrent preeclampsia (unadjusted RR, 3.1 [95% CI, 1.5–6.7]). Preindex pregnancy chronic hypertension and diabetes mellitus were associated with incident, but not recurrent, preeclampsia (hypertension unadjusted RR, 7.9 [95% CI, 4.1–15.3]; diabetes mellitus unadjusted RR, 5.2 [95% CI, 2.5–11.1]. Women with new interpregnancy hypertension versus those without had a higher risk of incident and recurrent preeclampsia (incident preeclampsia unadjusted RR, 6.1 [95% CI, 2.9–13]); recurrent preeclampsia unadjusted RR, 2.4 [95% CI, 1.5–3.9]). Conclusions In this diverse sample of high‐risk US women, we identified modifiable and treatable risk factors, including obesity and hypertension for the prevention of preeclampsia.

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