Review on Mucormycosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (07) ◽  
pp. 401-407
Author(s):  
Deepthi Somarouthu ◽  
Vasantha Thota ◽  
Kalyani Ampolu
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Tissue Necrosis ◽  
Uncontrolled Diabetes ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Anti Fungal ◽  
Pcr Targeting ◽  
Nose And Throat

Mucormycosis is a opportunistic fungal infection that occurs in patients who are immunocompramised. The fungus causing mucormycosis belongs to the class of zygomycetes and the order of mucorales. It is highly life-threatening mycotic infection that is characterised by angioinvasion, infarction, and tissue necrosis. The risk factors include uncontrolled diabetes mellitus in ketoacidosis, various forms of metabolic acidosis, treatment with corticosteroids, organ or bone marrow transplantation etc. The diagnosis is challenging and treatment should start as early as possible to decrease mortality. Diagnosis is based on symptoms such as, in case of sinusitis, sinus biopsies are required. Ear, nose and throat endoscopy should be done. Molecular identification of mucormycosis can help in confirming diagnosis and identify the fungus from genus to species level. Different techniques are as follows: DNA probes targeting 18S subunit, ITS1 sequencing after PCR with pan-fungal primers, 18S-targeted semi-nested PCR and real time PCR targeting cytochrome b gene. The therapeutic approach should be multimodal including anti-fungal agents, surgical debridement, and correction of underlying symptoms predisposing the patient to disease.

scholarly journals When Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus and Severe COVID-19 Converge: The Perfect Storm for Mucormycosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
Teny M. John ◽  
Ceena N. Jacob ◽  
Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Epidemiological Factors ◽  
Uncontrolled Diabetes ◽  
Diagnostic Certainty ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Perfect Storm

Mucormycosis (MCR) has been increasingly described in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) but the epidemiological factors, presentation, diagnostic certainty, and outcome of such patients are not well described. We review the published COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAMCR) cases (total 41) to identify risk factors, clinical features, and outcomes. CAMCR was typically seen in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) (94%) especially the ones with poorly controlled DM (67%) and severe or critical COVID-19 (95%). Its presentation was typical of MCR seen in diabetic patients (mostly rhino-orbital and rhino-orbital-cerebral presentation). In sharp contrast to reported COVID-associated aspergillosis (CAPA) cases, nearly all CAMCR infections were proven (93%). Treating physicians should have a high suspicion for CAMCR in patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and severe COVID-19 presenting with rhino-orbital or rhino-cerebral syndromes. CAMR is the convergence of two storms, one of DM and the other of COVID-19.

Problems Of Metabolic Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (06) ◽  
pp. 52-55
Author(s):  
Maksuda Ahmedjanovna Karimova ◽  
◽  
Dilnoza Kakhramanovna Kurbanbaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Syndrome X ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
The Third ◽  
Calorie Content ◽  
Single Term ◽  
Life Threatening

At the beginning of the third millennium, for mankind, which overcame the epidemic of life-threatening infections during its centuries-old history, the problem of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) came to the fore in relevance among all causes of morbidity and mortality. A significant role in this was played by lifestyle modification associated with limiting physical activity, increasing the calorie content of food, and a steady increase in emotional stress. All of this potentiates the main risk factors for CVD, which are a “negative asset of progress,” namely increased blood pressure (BP), dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity. Since 1988, after G. Reaven's Banting lecture, it is customary to designate the interconnected combination of these pathologies by the single term "metabolic syndrome X".

scholarly journals Diabetes Mellitus: Insights from Epidemiology, Biochemistry, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Complications and Comprehensive Management

Diabetology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-50
Author(s):  
Saruar Alam ◽  
Md. Kamrul Hasan ◽  
Sharif Neaz ◽  
Nazmul Hussain ◽  
Md. Faruk Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Diabetes Education ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Comprehensive Management ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Diabetes mellitus has become a serious and chronic metabolic disorder that results from a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors, principally characterized by hyperglycemia, polyuria, and polyphagia. Uncontrolled high blood sugar can result in a host of diabetic complications. Prolonged diabetes leads to serious complications some of which are life-threatening. The prevalence of diabetes patients is rising at epidemic proportions throughout the world. Every year, a major portion of the annual health budget is spent on diabetes and related illnesses. Multiple risk factors are involved in the etiopathogenesis of the disease and turning the disease into an epidemic. Diabetes, for which there is no cure, apparently can be kept under control by maintaining self-care in daily living, effective diabetes education, with comprehensive improvements in knowledge, attitudes, skills, and management. In this review, we focused on the biochemical aspects of diabetes, risk factors including both environmental and genetic, disease complications, diagnosis, management, and currently available medications for the treatment of diabetes.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with poor glycemic control in patients with type two Diabetes mellitus in Zakho city

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Poor Glycemic Control ◽  
Uncontrolled Diabetes ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diabetes Center

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic condition caused by relative lack of insulin due to impaired insulin secretion or insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of poor glycemic control in Zakho city and to explore the modifiable risk factors that may help controlling the disease. Materials and Methods We recruited patients with known history of diabetes receiving oral anti-diabetic medications. Those patients were registered in Zakho Diabetes center with regular visits. The measurement of anthropometric indices was conducted by trained personnel. Plasma glucose was determined using colorimetric enzymatic method with glucose oxidase. HbA1c concentrations were measured in whole blood samples using high performance liquid chromatography. Results In this study, 520 patients were recruited. The average age of the patients was 56.92±9.62. Among those, 190 were male. The blood sugar was controlled in 122 (23.4%) patients. We found a significant association between sex and HbA1C level (p=0.000; OR=0.4796; CI=0.3175-0.7243). In addition, waist circumference was significantly associated with HbA1C levels (p=0.018; OR=1.02; CI=1.0031-1.0373). Conclusions The vast majority of the patients had uncontrolled diabetes. We found that sex and waist circumference were risk factors for uncontrolled diabetes. Any diabetes controlling program should focus on those two factors.

scholarly journals I drank too much and now I can’t walk: a case of alcohol-induced dysautonomia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Assaker ◽  
Georges El Hasbani ◽  
Arturo Alvarez Antezana ◽  
Jose Vargas Gamarra ◽  
Jose Amaya-Suarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Orthostatic Hypotension ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Underlying Liver Disease ◽  
Uncontrolled Diabetes ◽  
History Of

ABSTRACT Dysautonomia is a dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system, which mediates both sympathetic and parasympathetic functions of the human body. Alcohol has been established to affect the autonomic function through liver injury and accumulation of vasodilators. Alcohol can induce peripheral neurological diseases as well. This case report describes a patient who had a chronic history of alcoholism and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus presenting for orthostatic hypotension and peripheral neuropathy without underlying liver disease or other endocrinopathies. Although diabetes mellitus was controlled pharmacologically and risk factors for orthostatic hypotension were managed conservatively, his symptoms did not improve which indicated an alcohol-related autonomic dysfunction, shedding light on one of long-term complications of alcoholism.

Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in a Young Male with Diabetes – Case Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-186
Author(s):  
Maria-Magdalena Roșu ◽  
Sigina Rodica Gîrgavu ◽  
Oana Maria Corîci ◽  
Cristian Constantin ◽  
Maria Moța
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Chronic Complications ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a progressive chronic disease, whose prevalence is steadily increasing worldwide. Although long-term complications of diabetes develop gradually, they cause serious damage or even life-threatening, especially when glycemic values are not controlled over time. In this article, we are presenting the case of a young patient, late diagnosed with T2DM, directly in a stage with chronic complications, which over time did not follow the indications recommended by doctors, leading to an undesired outcome, which may highlight the need for active screening of diabetes mellitus and other cardiovascular risk factors, both in people with diabetes as well as in the general population, to prevent such events.

Molecular and Biological Functions of Melatonin in Endometrial Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 519-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Maleki Dana ◽  
Fatemeh Sadoughi ◽  
Moein Mobini ◽  
Rana Shafabakhsh ◽  
Shala Chaichian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Obesity Hypertension ◽  
Cancer Inhibition

Endometrial cancer is the fifth leading cancer among women. This rate is higher in developed countries and its incidence is increasing worldwide. Diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension and arteriosclerosis are major risk factors for endometrial cancer. Melatonin is a hormone synthesized in the pineal and extra-pineal organs such as the digestive tract, bone marrow, retina and more. Evidence shows the potential effects of melatonin in endometrial cancer inhibition. Therefore, the focus of this paper is to review this outstanding evidence and to summarize the molecular and biological mechanisms of melatonin for the inhibition of endometrial cancer.

scholarly journals An Emerging Multi-Drug Resistant Yeast Like Fungus Candida auris Infections in ICUs

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Rajeshwar Reddy Kasarla
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Anti Fungal ◽  
Transplantation Procedures

 The incidence of fungal infections in recent years is increasing rapidly and there is an emergence of newer fungal pathogens and anti-fungal drug resistance due to multiple predisposing reasons such as prolonged and indiscriminate use of antibiotic therapy, immunosuppressive corticosteroid therapy, aggressive use of ant-cancer drugs, bone marrow and organ transplantation procedures, and underlying conditions like immunodeficiency diseases (E.g., AIDS) and metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Concomitant Mucormycosis with Aspergillosis in Patients with Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus: A Case Series

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arpana Singh ◽  
Aroop Mohanty ◽  
Shweta Jha ◽  
Pratima Gupta ◽  
Neelam Kaistha
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Clinical Condition ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Case Series ◽  
The Body ◽  
Invasive Potential ◽  
Uncontrolled Diabetes ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Systemic Manifestations

Fungal infections are life threatening especially in presence of immunosuppression or uncontrolled diabetes mellitus mainly due to their invasive potential. Mucormycosis of the oculo-rhino-cerebral region is an opportunistic, aggressive, fatal and rapidly spreading infection caused by organisms belonging to Mucorales order and class Zygomycetes. The organisms associated are ubiquitous. Aspergillosis is a common clinical condition caused by the Aspergillus species, most often by Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus). Both fungi have a predilection for the immunosuppressive conditions, with uncontrolled diabetes and malignancy being the most common among them. Mucormycosis is caused by environmental spores which get access into the body through the lungs and cause various systemic manifestations like rhino-cerebral mucormycosis. Here, a case series of such concomitant infections of Aspergillus and Mucor spp from Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India is reported.

scholarly journals Syncephalastrum racemosum as aRare Agent of Rhino-orbital Mucormycosis:A Case Report and Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neelam Gulati ◽  
Poonam Gupta ◽  
Charu Nayyar ◽  
BL Sherwal ◽  
Sunil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Syncephalastrum Racemosum ◽  
The Third ◽  
Uncontrolled Diabetes ◽  
The Common

Fungal infection of the paranasal sinuses is an increasingly recognised entity both in immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. Aspergillus species are the most common aetiologic agents of this disease. Zygomycete agents are the common culprits in the immunocompromised group. The most common agent causing human disease is Rhizopus species followed by Rhizomucorspp. The important risk factors are uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and immunsupression. Here, a rare case of pansinusitis with Syncephalastrum racemosum was reported in a 13-year-old male child with aplastic anaemia. Syncephalastrum racemosum has been debated for its role in human diseases and very few reports are documented. To the best of our knowledge this was the third report of rhino-orbital infection caused by this fungus. Syncephalastrum racemosum should be considered as one of the aetiologic agents of rhino-orbital infections especially in the immunocompromised group.

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