Metabolomics of meat color: Practical implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan L. Denzer ◽  
Frank Kiyimba ◽  
Gretchen G. Mafi ◽  
Ranjith Ramanathan
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
Metabolite Profile ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Meat Color ◽  
Meat Tenderness ◽  
Metabolite Profiles ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Beef Color

Objective: Meat is biochemically active, and the various pre-and post-harvest processes can affect meat quality. Metabolomics is a valuable tool to elucidate metabolite changes in meat. The overall goal of this study was to provide an overview of various techniques, data analysis, and application of metabolomics in meat color research. Results: Both targeted and non-targeted approaches have been used to determine metabolite profiles in meat. Researchers use gas-, liquid-chromatography, and nuclear magnetic resonance platforms to separate molecules. Metabolomics is used to characterize muscle-specific differences in color stability, meat tenderness, the impact of aging on meat color, and to determine metabolite profile differences between normal-pH and dark-cutting beef. Color stable muscles have more glycolytic metabolites than color labile muscles. Conclusion: The use of metabolomics has greatly enhanced our understanding of metabolites' role in meat quality. There are challenges in data analysis; thus, there is a need for multiple platforms in order to obtain comprehensive metabolite libraries specific to food. Metabolomics in combination with wet-laboratory techniques can provide novel insights on the relationship between postmortem metabolism and meat color.

scholarly journals Utilizing Pork Exudate Metabolomics to Reveal the Impact of Aging on Meat Quality

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 668
Author(s):  
Qianqian Yu ◽  
Bruce Cooper ◽  
Tiago Sobreira ◽  
Yuan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Aging Treatment ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
Meat Tenderness ◽  
Aging Period ◽  
Postmortem Aging ◽  
Longissimus Lumborum ◽  
The Impact

This study was performed to assess the changes in meat quality and metabolome profiles of meat exudate during postmortem aging. At 24 h postmortem, longissimus lumborum muscles were collected from 10 pork carcasses, cut into three sections, and randomly assigned to three aging period groups (2, 9, and 16 d). Meat quality and chemical analyses, along with the metabolomics of meat exudates using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) platform, were conducted. Results indicated a declined (p < 0.05) display color stability, and increased (p < 0.05) purge loss, meat tenderness, and lipid oxidation as aging extended. The principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis exhibited distinct clusters of the exudate metabolome of each aging treatment. A total of 39 significantly changed features were tentatively identified via matching them to METLIN database according to their MS/MS information. Some of those features are associated with adenosine triphosphate metabolism (creatine and hypoxanthine), antioxidation (oxidized glutathione and carnosine), and proteolysis (dipeptides and tripeptides). The findings provide valuable information that reflects the meat quality’s attributes and could be used as a source of potential biomarkers for predicting aging times and meat quality changes.

scholarly journals Effect of Fermented Winery By-Product Supplemented Rations on the Temperament and Meat Quality of Angus-Hereford X Steers During Feeding in a British Columbia Feedlot

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Moote ◽  
John S. Church ◽  
Karen S. Schwartzkopf-Genswein ◽  
Jonathan D. Van Hamme
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Meat Tenderness ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Beef Products ◽  
Cattle Feeds ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
The Impact

<p class="OJAS-Paragraph-text">Novel value-added beef products provide improved product differentiation within the beef marketplace. This study evaluated the impacts of supplementing feeds with fermented winery by-products (WB) to produce the novel beef product labeled by industry as “wine-finished beef”. To evaluate the impact of this feed, a total of 69 Angus-Hereford X steers were placed in four pens (n=18,17,17,17), one replicate pen per treatment, and fed finishing rations containing equal amounts of either 6-7% WB or 6-7% water (Control; C) over a 143 day feeding period. Dietary treatments were not significantly different with respect to energy or chemical contents (<em>P </em>&gt; 0.05). Interestingly, the average daily gains (ADG; kg*d<sup>-1</sup>) of cattle did not differ between diets (<em>P </em>&gt; 0.05); however, the ADG of all beef cattle changed over the feeding period (<em>P </em>&lt; 0.0041). Cattle temperament, evaluated by measuring their flight speed, changed over time (<em>P</em> = 0.0097), but not between diets (<em>P </em>= 0.6938). Meat quality attributes including chemical, colour, and tenderness properties did not differ (<em>P </em>&gt; 0.05) between diets with the exception of ground steak, which was darker (<em>P </em>= 0.0477) in cattle fed WB compared to C supplemented feeds, respectively. Supplementing cattle feeds with WB provides a new marketing stream for beef products with no observed differences to cattle behaviour, animal gains or meat tenderness.</p>

scholarly journals Sexual Dimorphism of Metabolite Profiles in Pigs Depends on the Genetic Background

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Manuela Peukert ◽  
Sebastian Zimmermann ◽  
Björn Egert ◽  
Christoph H. Weinert ◽  
Thomas Schwarzmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Quality Factors ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Metabolomic Data ◽  
Metabolite Profiles ◽  
Systematic Effects ◽  
Gender Specific Differences ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fattening Pigs

The study aimed to investigate possible systematic effects in the basic underlying variability of individual metabolomic data. In this context, the extent of gender- and genotype-dependent differences reflected in the metabolic composition of three tissues in fattening pigs was determined. The 40 pigs belonged to the genotypes PIx(LWxGL) and PIxGL with gilts and boars, respectively. Blood and tissue samples from M. longissimus dorsi and liver were directly taken at the slaughtering plant and directed to GC × GC qMS metabolite analysis. Differences were observed for various metabolite classes like amino acids, fatty acids, sugars, or organic acids. Gender-specific differences were much more pronounced than genotype-related differences, which could be due to the close genetic relation of the fattening pigs. However, the metabolic dimorphism between gilts and boars was found to be genotype-dependent, and vice versa metabolic differences between genotypes were found to be gender-dependent. Most interestingly, integration into metabolic pathways revealed different patterns for carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) usage in boars and gilts. We suppose a stronger N-recycling and increased energy metabolism in boars, whereas, in gilts, more N is presumably excreted and remaining carbon skeletons channeled into lipogenesis. Associations of metabolites to meat quality factors confirmed the applicability of metabolomics approaches for a better understanding about the impact of drivers (e.g., gender, age, breed) on physiological processes influencing meat quality. Due to the huge complexity of the drivers-traits-network, the derivation of independent biomarkers for meat quality prediction will hardly be possible.

scholarly journals Investigation of muscle-specific beef color stability at different ultimate pHs

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 1999-2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Wu ◽  
Jina Han ◽  
Rongrong Liang ◽  
Pengcheng Dong ◽  
Lixian Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Psoas Muscle ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Longissimus Lumborum ◽  
Reducing Activity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Psoas Major ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Beef Color

Objective: This study was aimed to investigate the muscle-specific beef color stability at normal and high ultimate pHs.Methods: The impact of muscle (Longissimus lumborum [LL] vs psoas major [PM]) and pH (normal ultimate pH [Np] vs high pH dark cutting beef [Hp]) on color stability, indicated by basic color traits, metmyoglobin reducing activity (MRA) and oxygen consumption (OC), as well as the lipid oxidation, were determined over 7 days of display at 4°C.Results: Hp-LL had the highest pH (6.92), followed by Hp-PM (6.01), Np-PM (5.76), and Np-LL (5.52). Hp-LL had increased (p<0.05) a<sup>*</sup>, chroma and % oxymyoglobin during display. Hp-LL also had the highest metmyoglobin (MMb) reducing activity and OC among all the samples, thus, the greatest color stability, although very dark throughout storage, with lowest values for lightness (L<sup>*</sup>) and yellowness (b<sup>*</sup>). Np-LL also exhibited relatively high color stability, as a result of its lower % MMb and OC and higher MRA than psoas muscle samples. The 0.2 unit difference of the pH between Hp and Np psoas muscle, resulted in the difference of the color intensity, not the color stability. Interestingly, high pH psoas muscle (Hp-PM) did not have better color stability than Np-PM, and in fact had lower color stability than even Np-LL. The similar level of OC and lipid oxidation cannot explain the difference in color stability between Hp-PM and Np-LL.Conclusion: The Hp does not always show better color stability compared with Np beef, which depends on the muscle type. The balance of MRA and OC is important to keep the color in great intensity and stability in the meantime.

INDONESIA LANGUAGE INTERFERENCE FORM IN BASIC PPL LEARNING THAILAND UNHASY COLLEGE SYUDENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Siti Mariana Ulfa
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Data Presentation ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Thai Students ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Collection Methods ◽  
Recording Techniques

AbstractHumans on earth need social interaction with others. Humans can use more than one language in communication. Thus, the impact that arises when the use of one or more languages is the contact between languages. One obvious form of contact between languages is interference. Interference can occur at all levels of life. As in this study, namely Indonesian Language Interference in Learning PPL Basic Thailand Unhasy Students. This study contains the form of interference that occurs in Thai students who are conducting teaching practices in the classroom. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research that seeks to describe any interference that occurs in the speech of Thai students when teaching practice. Data collection methods in this study are (1) observation techniques, (2) audio-visual recording techniques using CCTV and (3) recording techniques, by recording all data that has been obtained. Whereas the data wetness uses, (1) data triangulation, (2) improvement in perseverance and (3) peer review through discussion. Data analysis techniques in this study are (1) data collection, (2) data reduction, (3) data presentation and (4) conclusions. It can be seen that the interference that occurs includes (1) interference in phonological systems, (2) interference in morphological systems and (3) interference in syntactic systems. 

scholarly journals NMR Metabolite Profiles in Male Meat-Eaters, Fish-Eaters, Vegetarians and Vegans, and Comparison with MS Metabolite Profiles

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Julie A. Schmidt ◽  
Georgina K. Fensom ◽  
Sabina Rinaldi ◽  
Augustin Scalbert ◽  
Marc J. Gunter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Total N ◽  
Metabolite Profiles

Metabolomics may help to elucidate mechanisms underlying diet-disease relationships and identify novel risk factors for disease. To inform the design and interpretation of such research, evidence on diet-metabolite associations and cross-assay comparisons is needed. We aimed to compare nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolite profiles between meat-eaters, fish-eaters, vegetarians and vegans, and to compare NMR measurements to those from mass spectrometry (MS), clinical chemistry and capillary gas-liquid chromatography (GC). We quantified 207 serum NMR metabolite measures in 286 male participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Oxford cohort. Using univariate and multivariate analyses, we found that metabolite profiles varied by diet group, especially for vegans; the main differences compared to meat-eaters were lower levels of docosahexaenoic acid, total n-3 and saturated fatty acids, cholesterol and triglycerides in very-low-density lipoproteins, various lipid factions in high-density lipoprotein, sphingomyelins, tyrosine and creatinine, and higher levels of linoleic acid, total n-6, polyunsaturated fatty acids and alanine. Levels in fish-eaters and vegetarians differed by metabolite measure. Concentrations of 13 metabolites measured using both NMR and MS, clinical chemistry or GC were mostly similar. In summary, vegans’ metabolite profiles were markedly different to those of men consuming animal products. The studied metabolomics platforms are complementary, with limited overlap between metabolite classes.

Household and Population-Level Behavioural Changes Due to COVID-19 Pandemic: A Smart Thermostat Based Comparative Data Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Kirti Sundar Sahu ◽  
Arlene Oetomo ◽  
Niloofar Jalali ◽  
Plinio P. Morita
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Population Level ◽  
World Health ◽  
Motion Sensors ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Smart Thermostat ◽  
The Impact

The World Health Organization declared the coronavirus outbreak as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. To inhibit the spread of COVID-19, governments around the globe, including Canada, have implemented physical distancing and lockdown measures, including a work-from-home policy. Canada in 2020 has developed a 24-Hour Movement Guideline for all ages laying guidance on the ideal amount of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep (PASS) for an individual in a day. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes on the household and population-level in lifestyle behaviours (PASS) and time spent indoors at the household level, following the implementation of physical distancing protocols and stay-at-home guidelines. For this study, we used 2019 and 2020 data from ecobee, a Canadian smart Wi-Fi thermostat company, through the Donate Your Data (DYD) program. Using motion sensors data, we quantified the amount of sleep by using the absence of movement, and similarly, increased sensor activation to show a longer duration of household occupancy. The key findings of this study were; during the COVID-19 pandemic, overall household-level activity increased significantly compared to pre-pandemic times, there was no significant difference between household-level behaviours between weekdays and weekends during the pandemic, average sleep duration has not changed, but the pattern of sleep behaviour significantly changed, specifically, bedtime and wake up time delayed, indoor time spent has been increased and outdoor time significantly reduced. Our data analysis shows the feasibility of using big data to monitor the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the household and population-level behaviours and patterns of change.

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