Phytochemical Constituents of Guggul and their Biological Qualities

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Kumar ◽  
Simranjeet Singh ◽  
Ravindra Singh
Keyword(s):  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Commiphora Wightii ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Commiphora Mukul ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Herbal Formulations

: In the herbal drug pharmaceutical industry, guggul is enjoying emergent consumer acceptance around the world. In the Indian market, more than fifty formulations of guggul have been introduced by well-known brands including Himalaya, Patanjali and Baidyanath Pharmaceuticals. Basically, guggul is the gum resin from Commiphora wightii (syn. Commiphora Mukul). It has been used to treat various ailments including obesity, osteoarthritis, arthritis, constipation, liver disorders, inflammation, anemia, diabetes, etc. Including medicinal properties, it is used as a good binding agent and mixed in various herbal formulations. To review the major phytochemical, medicinal properties and analytical methods involved in the detection of guggul by using the exhaustive bibliographic research by means of various scientific engines and databases. Guggul contained approximately 66 phytochemical including gallic acid, quercetin, and guggulsterones E and Z. These phytochemicals have a wide range of pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antimutagenic, antivenom and antitumor. It has been noticed that the mode of action of guggulsterone has not been fully explored. Pharmacology and toxicological studies are very few. These works have shown huge literature gap, which is to be fulfilled through the detailed in-vivo and in-vitro studies.

Ethnomedicinal uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Aspects of the Genus Berberis Linn: A Comprehensive Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roohi Mohi-ud-din ◽  
Reyaz Hassan Mir ◽  
Prince Ahad Mir ◽  
Saeema Farooq ◽  
Syed Naiem Raza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Ethnomedicinal Uses

Background: Genus Berberis (family Berberidaceae), which contains about 650 species and 17 genera worldwide, has been used in folklore and various traditional medicine systems. Berberis Linn. is the most established group among genera with around 450-500 species across the world. This comprehensive review will not only help researchers for further evaluation but also provide substantial information for future exploitation of species to develop novel herbal formulations. Objective: The present review is focussed to summarize and collect the updated review of information of Genus Berberis species reported to date regarding their ethnomedicinal information, chemical constituents, traditional/folklore use, and reported pharmacological activities on more than 40 species of Berberis. Conclusion: A comprehensive survey of the literature reveals that various species of the genus possess various phytoconstituents mainly alkaloids, flavonoid based compounds isolated from different parts of a plant with a wide range of pharmacological activities. So far, many pharmacological activities like anti-cancer, anti-hyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory both in vitro & in vivo and clinical study of different extracts/isolated compounds of different species of Berberis have been reported, proving their importance as a medicinal plant and claiming their traditional use.

Phytochemical, Analytical and Medicinal Studies of Holoptelea integrifolia Roxb. Planch - A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Kumar ◽  
Simranjeet Singh ◽  
Ragini Bhadouria ◽  
Ravindra Singh ◽  
Om Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Holoptelea integrifolia Roxb. Planch (HI) has been used to treat various ailments including obesity, osteoarthritis, arthritis, inflammation, anemia, diabetes etc. To review the major phytochemicals and medicinal properties of HI, exhaustive bibliographic research was designed by means of various scientific search engines and databases. Only 12 phytochemicals have been reported including biologically active compounds like betulin, betulinic acid, epifriedlin, octacosanol, Friedlin, Holoptelin-A and Holoptelin-B. Analytical methods including the Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC), High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Liquid Chromatography With Mass Spectral (LC-MS) analysis have been used to analyze the HI. From medicinal potency point of view, these phytochemicals have a wide range of pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor. In the current review, it has been noticed that the mechanism of action of HI with biomolecules has not been fully explored. Pharmacology and toxicological studies are very few. This seems a huge literature gap to be fulfilled through the detailed in-vivo and in-vitro studies.

Comparative Profiling of Four Lignans (Phyllanthin, Hypophyllanthin, Nirtetralin, and Niranthin) in Nine Phyllanthus Species from India Using a Validated Reversed Phase HPLC-PDA Detection Method

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinal Patel ◽  
Padamnabhi Shanker Nagar ◽  
Kalpana Pal ◽  
Raghuraj Singh ◽  
Tushar Dhanani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Reversed Phase Hplc ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Commercial Cultivation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Herbal Formulations

Abstract Background Phyllanthus species exhibit a wide range of in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities; however, little is known about the compounds present in the extracts that are responsible for such actions. Objective Development and validation of a simple reversed phase HPLC-PDA method for profiling of phyllanthin, hypophyllanthin, nirtetralin, and niranthin in extracts of Phyllanthus species was carried out. Methods Separation was achieved using an XBridge column® (150 × 4.6 mm, 5.0 µm id) in an isocratic elution mode with mobile phase comprising of a mixture of acetonitrile and water with TFA (0.05%, v/v, pH = 2.15) at ambient temperature with a flow rate of 1 mL/min. Results Phyllanthin, hypophyllanthin, nirtetralin, and niranthin were eluted at mean retention times of 10.47, 11.10, 13.67, and 14.53 min, respectively. LOD and LOQ for all four analytes were 0.75 and 3.00 μg/mL, respectively. RSDr values for intraday and interday precision for phyllanthin, hypophyllanthin, nirtetralin, and niranthin were 0.38–1.32 and 0.45–1.77%; 0.22–3.69 and 0.24–3.04%, 0.73–2.37 and 0.09–0.31%, and 1.56–2.77 and 0.12–0.68%, respectively. Conclusions The developed and validated HPLC-PDA method was applied for identification and quantification of phyllanthin, hypophyllanthin, nirtetralin, and niranthin in extracts of different plant parts of selected Phyllanthus species. The outcome of the present investigation could be useful for selection of best species to promote its commercial cultivation and suitable extraction solvent for preparation of lignan-enriched fractions. This HPLC-PDA method could be useful for quality control of herbal formulations containing plants from Phyllanthus species.

scholarly journals Allamanda cathartica: A Review of the Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Biotechnology

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Petricevich ◽  
Rodolfo Abarca-Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Active Substances

In this work, we explore the current knowledge about the phytochemistry and in vitro and in vivo evaluations of the extracts and, where appropriate, the main active components characterized and isolated from the Allamanda cathartica. Of the 15 Allamanda species, most phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological studies have focused on A. cathartica. These plants are used for the treatment of various health disorders. Numerous phytochemical investigations of plants from the A. cathartica have shown the presence of hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, fatty acids, phospholipids, volatile compounds, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, terpenes, lactones, and carbohydrates. Various studies have confirmed that extracts and active substances isolated from the A. cathartica have multiple pharmacological activities. The species A. cathartica has emerged as a source of traditional medicine used for human health. Further studies on the phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological properties and their mechanisms of action, safety, and efficacy in the species of A. cathartica is recommended.

scholarly journals Imperata cylindrica: A Review of Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Industrial Applications

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1454
Author(s):  
Young-Kyung Jung ◽  
Dongyun Shin
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pharmacological Studies

Imperata cylindrica is a medicinal plant native to southwestern Asia and the tropical and subtropical zones. To date, 72 chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from I. cylindrica Among these compounds, saponins, flavonoids, phenols, and glycosides are the major constituents. Investigations of pharmacological activities of I. cylindrica revealed that this edible medicinal herb exhibits a wide range of therapeutic potential including immunomodulatory, antibacterial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and liver protection activities both in vivo and in vitro. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of I. cylindrica studies until 2019. This article also intends to review advances in the botanical, phytochemical, and pharmacological studies and industrial applications of I. cylindrica, which will provide a useful bibliography for further investigations and applications of I. cylindrica in medicines and foods.

scholarly journals A Narrative Review on the Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Therapeutic Potentials of Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau Leaves as an Alternative Source of Future Medicine

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Tan Yong Chia ◽  
Chee Yuen Gan ◽  
Vikneswaran Murugaiyah ◽  
Syed F. Hashmi ◽  
Tabinda Fatima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Clinacanthus Nutans

The application of natural products and supplements has expanded tremendously over the past few decades. Clinacanthus nutans (C. nutans), which is affiliated to the Acanthaceae family, has recently caught the interest of researchers from the countries of subtropical Asia due to its medicinal uses in alternative treatment for skin infection conditions due to insect bites, microorganism infections and cancer, as well as for health well-being. A number of bioactive compounds from this plant’s extract, namely phenolic compounds, sulphur containing compounds, sulphur containing glycosides compounds, terpens-tripenoids, terpens-phytosterols and chlorophyll-related compounds possess high antioxidant activities. This literature search yielded about one hundred articles which were then further documented, including the valuable data and findings obtained from all accessible electronic searches and library databases. The promising pharmacological activities from C. nutans leaves extract, including antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-venom, analgesic and anti-nociceptive properties were meticulously dissected. Moreover, the authors also discuss a few of the pharmacological aspect of C. nutans leaves extracts against anti-hyperlipidemia, vasorelaxation and renoprotective activities, which are seldom available from the previously discussed review papers. From the aspect of toxicological studies, controversial findings have been reported in both in-vitro and in-vivo experiments. Thus, further investigations on their phytochemical compounds and their mode of action showing pharmacological activities are required to fully grasp both traditional usage and their suitability for future drugs development. Data related to therapeutic activity and the constituents of C. nutans leaves were searched by using the search engines Google scholar, PubMed, Scopus and Science Direct, and accepting literature reported between 2010 to present. On the whole, this review paper compiles all the available contemporary data from this subtropical herb on its phytochemistry and pharmacological activities with a view towards garnering further interest in exploring its use in cardiovascular and renal diseases.

scholarly journals Chemical Compounds and Pharmacological Activities of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) – Updated Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 2503-2516
Keyword(s):  
Research Field ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Wide Range

Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) is a tropical fruit belonging to Guttiferae (syn. Clusiaceae) family. Research on mangosteen has been widely conducted. Also, numerous in vitro and in vivo studies related to mangosteen have been published, indicating its significance and potential usefulness in the research field. This review was constructed by collecting and analyzing more than 50 research articles to explore the phytochemical contents and the medicinal benefits of mangosteen. A significant level of xanthones greatly contributes to the extensive pharmacological activities of mangosteen. Apart from xanthones, mangosteen also contained benzophenones, flavonoids, and anthocyanins. Mangosteen had a wide range of pharmacological effects, including antioxidant, anti-acne, anti-aging, anti-hyperpigmentation, antibacterial, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antiparasitic, and antitumor. Additionally, mangosteen has shown an advantageous activity toward pathological conditions such as Alzheimer's, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, neuropathic pain, and pulmonary fibrosis. This literature review indicated that xanthone in mangosteen had potential and promising to be developed as a drug candidate. More extensive explorations, especially in pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and xanthone targeting effects, are widely open to be carried out for future research.

scholarly journals From Traditional Usage to Pharmacological Evidence: Systematic Review ofGunnera perpensaL.

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred Maroyi
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Animal Diseases ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Human And Animal Diseases

Gunnera perpensais the only species of the genusGunnerathat has been recorded in Africa. Its leaves, rhizomes, roots, and stems are reported to possess diverse medicinal properties and used to treat or manage various human and animal diseases and ailments.Gunnera perpensais an ingredient in many herbal concoctions and prescriptions which have been used to induce or augment labour, postnatal medication, to treat parasitic diseases, urinary complaints, kidney problems, general body pains, sexually transmitted infections, and many other diseases. Several classes of phytochemicals including alkaloids, benzoquinones, ellagic acids, flavonoids, phenols, proanthocyanidins, tannins, and minerals have been isolated fromG. perpensa. Scientific studies onG. perpensaindicate that it has a wide range of pharmacological activities including acetylcholinesterase, anthelmintic, antibacterial, antifungal, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumour, lactogenic, and uterotonic.Gunnera perpensahas a lot of potential as a possible source of pharmaceutical products for the treatment of a wide range of both human and animal diseases and ailments. Some of the chemical compounds isolated fromG. perpensahave demonstrated various biological activities when investigated inin vitroassays. Future research should focus on the mechanisms of action of the isolated compounds, their efficacy, toxicity, and clinical relevance.

scholarly journals Bougainvillea Genus: A Review on Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Abarca-Vargas ◽  
Vera L. Petricevich
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Pharmacology And Toxicology ◽  
Active Substances

This review discusses the current knowledge of the phytochemistry and in vitro and in vivo evaluations carried out using the extracts and, where appropriate, the main active components isolated from the genus Bougainvillea. Out of 18 species, most phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological studies focused on four species with different cultivars and one hybrid. Some plants are used for the treatment of various health disorders. Numerous phytochemical investigations of plants in this genus confirm the presence of aliphatic hydrocarbons, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, volatile compounds, phenolic compounds, peltogynoids, flavonoids, phytosterols, terpenes, carbohydrates, and betalains. Various studies have confirmed that these extracts or active substances that were isolated from the genus Bougainvillea have multiple pharmacological activities. Some species of Bougainvillea have emerged as sources of traditional medicine in human health. More studies of the phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological properties and their mechanisms of action, safety, and efficacy in all Bougainvillea species, cultivars, and hybrids are advisable for future research.

scholarly journals Flavonoids and Stilbenoids of the Genera Dracaena and Sansevieria: Structures and Bioactivities

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaw Min Thu ◽  
Ko Ko Myo ◽  
Hnin Thanda Aung ◽  
Chabaco Armijos ◽  
Giovanni Vidari
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The genera Dracaena and Sansevieria (Asparagaceae, Nolinoideae) are still poorly resolved phylogenetically. Plants of these genera are commonly distributed in Africa, China, Southeast Asia, and America. Most of them are cultivated for ornamental and medicinal purposes and are used in various traditional medicines due to the wide range of ethnopharmacological properties. Extensive in vivo and in vitro tests have been carried out to prove the ethnopharmacological claims and other bioactivities. These investigations have been accompanied by the isolation and identification of hundreds of phytochemical constituents. The most characteristic metabolites are steroids, flavonoids, stilbenes, and saponins; many of them exhibit potent analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiproliferative, and cytotoxic activities. This review highlights the structures and bioactivities of flavonoids and stilbenoids isolated from Dracaena and Sansevieria.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document