Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and Human Immunodeficiency Viruses in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients, Southern Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
Nahid T. Movaghar ◽  
Saber Mojarrad ◽  
Hadi R. Shahraki ◽  
Mohammadreza Nazari ◽  
Mahtab Hadadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
Southern Iran

Background: Hemodialysis [HD] patients are more prone to blood-borne viruses, such as hepatitis B virus [HBV], hepatitis C virus [HCV], and, to a lesser extent, Human Immunodeficiency Virus [HIV]. Chronic HBV and HCV infections are associated with liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and early graft failure after kidney transplantation. As there was no recent information, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV infection in HD patients in Fars province, southern Iran. This could help health policymakers to run more effective infection control practices for reducing such blood-borne virus infections, if necessary. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 906 HD patients in Fars province, southern Iran. A total of 906 blood samples were obtained from patients and diagnostic tests of HBV, HCV, and HIV were done. Demographic data and some other information, such as duration of dialysis, were extracted from the patients’ medical records. Data were analyzed in SPSS, version 18. Results: Out of the patients enrolled in the study, 547 [60.4%] were male and 359 [39.6%] female. The mean ± SD age of the patients was 58.0 ± 15.8 years. The prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV infection was 0.88%, 0.55% and 0.44%, respectively. HIV-infected subjects were significantly younger than the HIV-negative group [P <0.017]. Conclusion: It seems that Fars is among the provinces with low HBV and HCV prevalence in HD patients in comparison to other provinces of Iran. On the other hand, HIV prevalence here is higher than other provincial studies. Strict adherence to preventive infection control measures is recommended in HD centers.

Prevalence of HIV, Syphilis, Hepatitis-B, and Hepatitis-C among People with Injecting Drugs in Western Terai Highway districts, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-106
Author(s):  
Tarun Paudel ◽  
Bir Rawal ◽  
Keshab Deuba ◽  
Sampurna Kakchapati ◽  
Kapil Amgain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Sexual Partner ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Female Sexual Partner

 Introduction: HIV epidemic has become the major problems among people with injecting drugs (PWIDs) in Nepal. The study was carried out to assess the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS among PWIDs. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted in male PWIDs of age more than 16 years residing in Western to Far West Terai Districts of Nepal who had been injecting drugs for three months prior to the date of the survey" March-April 2017. A two-stage cluster sampling was used to recruit 300 PWIDs from seven Districts. HIV was diagnosed by using standard techniques approved by WHO. Similarly, Syphilis was tested using the "Rapid Plasma Reagin" and Hepatitis C as well as Hepatitis B was tested by using rapid test kits. Demographic data were collected by using structured questionnaire and the data obtained were entered in MS excel was transformed into the SPSS version 21 for the descriptive as well as inferential analysis. Results: Prevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV, and STI among PWIDs were 5.3%, 2.7%, 23.7%, and 2.0% respectively. Majority of the PWIDs were literate (93.7%) and their age was below 35 years. Among the married PWIDs, 32.4% had got married before the age of 19. Similarly, 53.7% of them were living with their female sexual partner, and 95.0% were living with their wife. Ninety six percent of the respondents reported to be ever involved in sexual activity, 77.1% of them initiated the sexual intercourse before the age of 20 years and 41.9% of them had more than one female sexual partner. The survey indicated that 36.3% had been injecting drugs for more than 5 years while 27.7% had been injecting for last 2-5 years and 55.0% of the respondents had injected for the first time at the age of 16-24 years. About one in 10 respondents had started injecting drugs recently. Conclusion: There is high prevalence of HIV, HCV, HBV and active syphilis among the PWIDs. Co-infection of HIV and HCV as well as Hepatitis B and C were also prevalent among PWIDs. Comprehensive education and awareness program is required to reduce the prevalence.

scholarly journals Investigation of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C in the blood of hemodialysis patients from Peshawar, Pakistan.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abid ali ◽  
Gul Nabi Khan ◽  
Muhammad Salman ◽  
Muhammad Numan Khan ◽  
Asad Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis Virus ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract Aim: High prevalence of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and Hepatitis B (HBV) has reported among dialysis patients throughout the world. The aim of this study was to find out the frequency of HCV and HBV both in Hemodialysis (HD) at District Peshawar, the capital of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2018 to March 2019. The infections were investigated through serological and molecular techniques. The polymerase chain reaction was performed for only HCV RNA detection in HD patients. The data obtained were compared with available past studies from Pakistan.Results: To evaluate the frequency of HCV, HBV, and co-infection in HD patients. 200 blood samples were collected from dialysis patients who visited Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar. Among 200, HCV infected were diagnosed in 22%, HBV in 8%. The percentages of male to female diagnosed patients with HCV were 21% and 20% respectively. Moreover, the chi-square test of association among variables based on our empirical findings, it is clear that odds of HCV positive among males is 3.467 times greater than female, with statistically significance (P= 0.012*) against 50 and above age group.. Conclusion: The percentage of HCV positive was found higher in the overall HD patient population. Only 7.5% of patients were found Negative of HBV and HCV in both males and females visited hospitals for dialysis. The high prevalence of hepatitis viruses among HD patients indicates a close relation between HD centers and hepatitis virus transmission. Therefore, preventive control measures are essential to reduce hepatitis transmission in HD centers

scholarly journals Hepatitis-B: an Alarming Infectious Condition- How Aware are We???

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Paridhi Rawat ◽  
Himanshu Aeran ◽  
Anubha Agarwal ◽  
Vijay Nautiyal
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Dental Clinic ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
Occupational Risks

<strong>Background &amp; Objectives:</strong>Infections caused by blood-borne pathogens like HCV, HBV or HCV have emerged as a hurricane for health-care workers. Among them, Hepatitis-B is a leading cause of morbidity &amp; mortality all around the world especially placing health workers at higher occupational risks. Also percutaneous injuries in dental clinic are risk factors for transmission of HBV. Hence a bi-directional relationship exists between dentist &amp; patient regarding transmission of HBV. The present study is designed to evaluate degree of awareness &amp; knowledge about HBV &amp; status of vaccination against it, among the dental students &amp; clinicians.<p><strong>Methods:</strong> A cross-sectional study was conducted on 279 dental professionals including 41 clinicians, 45 post-graduate students, 80 interns and 113 B.D.S III &amp; IV Yr students by means of a questionnaire. Data was collected &amp; then analyzed in SPSS version-16.</p><p><strong>Result:</strong> Our results were noteworthy that nearly 89.6% claimed that hepatitis-b is preventable. Positively, 90.71% subjects were vaccinated against HBV &amp; 62.8% showed positive attitude towards HBV+ patients. However, some alarming findings are that 54.64% didn’t know about post-exposure prophylaxis and 79.84% didn’t have any idea about serum HBV DNA viral load considered safe according to CDC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The present study consolidates the urgent need for further spread of knowledge &amp; awareness about Hepatitis-B. We also highlight practice of “Standard Infection Control” measures and strict adherence to tenets of CDC guidelines. Hence the call of the hour is to spread awareness about Hepatitis-B which can turn to be a “mouse or an elephant in dental clinic.”</p>

Factors associated with sexually transmitted infection/HIV diagnosis among a predominantly university population in Brazil

2021 ◽  
pp. 095646242199725
Author(s):  
Isabella GO Bomfim ◽  
Sigrid DS dos Santos ◽  
Cíntia M Ruggiero ◽  
Anamaria A Napoleão ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Syphilis Infection ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Impact

In Brazil, the increasing prevalence of HIV infection in young people makes it critical to know its distribution in university communities. In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated the impact of STI/HIV testing campaigns on university campuses from 2013 to 2017. The participants took part in rapid testing for HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B and C, and counseling sessions. A total of 2691 people participated in the campaigns. Of these, 79.4% were single, and 50.3% were women. The median age was 24 years old, and 77.9% of participants had ≥12 years of formal education. Most reported having unprotected sex in the last year (87.4%). The positivity rates for HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus were 0.56%, 1.20%, 0.19%, and 0.11%, respectively. The characteristics associated with HIV infection were being men who have sex with men (MSM) (aOR = 12.06; 95% CI = 3.83–37.99) and having <12 years of schooling (aOR = 3.28; 95% CI = 1.03–10.38). Factors associated with syphilis seropositivity were older age (aOR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.03–1.09), multiple partners (aOR = 2.44; 95% CI = 1.08–5.50), and being MSM (aOR = 5.40; 95% CI = 2.49–11.72). Positivity for hepatitis B tended to decrease with the years of testing ( p = 0.023) and for hepatitis C to increase with age ( p = 0.035). Our study observed a high vulnerability to HIV and syphilis infection in a university community, which needs an early prevention strategy, including regular testing, continuing sexual education, easy access to condoms, and pre- and postexposure HIV prophylaxis.

scholarly journals HIV, Syphilis, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C in Incarcerated Women in a Metropolitan Detention Center in Northeast Brazil

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
Maria de Souza Barros Neta ◽  
Renata Mírian Nunes Eleutério ◽  
Mariana Brito Dantas Castelo Branco ◽  
José Eleutério Junior
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Incarcerated Women ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Big City ◽  
Elementary School Education

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that attacks the immune system cells, and causes AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Incarcerated populations have a recognized increased risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Objectives: The study was aimed to identify the frequency of HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B/C in women incarcerated in a prison in a big city in northeast Brazil. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional quantitative study. Methodology: The sample was composed of incarcerated women in a medium- to high-security prison in a metropolitan region in northeast Brazil. Between January and October 2018, 200 prisoners were interviewed to collect their socio-demographic data. At that time, a drop of peripheral blood was collected to perform syphilis, HIV, and hepatitis B and C rapid tests after informed consent was obtained. Results: The age of the women ranged from 19 to 62 years old (mean=32.85±10.4). The time of incarceration varied between less than one to 10 years (mean=3.6±2.1). The majority of the women were single (71.5%), not pregnant (97%), mixed race (68.5%), housewives (30.5%) and had an elementary school education (51%). Among the 122 women tested for syphilis, 24 were positive (19.7%). HIV was present in 4 of the 200 tested woman (2%), and hepatitis C was identified in 3 of the 91 tested patients. All 85 patients tested for hepatitis B were negative. When considering the time of incarceration, the results were not significantly different. Conclusion: Only the frequency of syphilis was high, at almost 20%, which is higher than those observed in other studies from other regions of Brazil and other countries.

Evaluation of Hepatitis B & Hepatitis C Virus co-infection among the hemodialysis patients in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 323-326
Author(s):  
Shantanu Prakash ◽  
S. N. Sankhwar ◽  
Amita Jain ◽  
Kausar Usman ◽  
Narayan Prasad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
B Virus

  Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection substantially cause series of liver diseases worldwide. Because these two viruses share the modes of transmission, HBV HCV co-infection is common with approximately 7-20 million people affected globally. Hemodialysis individuals are at risk of HBV and HCV infections. The prevalence rates of coinfection with HBV and HCV in Hemodialysis patients have been variable worldwide depending on the geographic regions, and the type of exposure. This study aimed to exam-ine HBV and HCV coinfection and determine the shared and significant fac-tors in the coinfection in Hemodialysis patients. This descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out on 237 Hemodialysis patients including 153 males and 84 females in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, to survey coinfection with HBV and HCV using ELISA. The retrospective demographic data of the sub-jects was collected and the patient’s serums were analyzed by ELISA. The collected data was analyzed with Instat (Graphpad) software. Fisher's exact test with 5% error intervals was used to measure the correlation of variables and infection rates. The results of the study indicated that the prevalence of hepatitis B & C virus in hemodialysis patients was 9.70% (n=23), out of which 1 (0.42%) was suffering with HBV & HCV co-infection while 6 were only HBV positive and 16 were only HCV positive. There is very low prevalence of Hep-atitis C Virus and Hepatitis B Virus coinfection in hemodialysis patients in this region.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B Infection Awareness among Dental Graduate Students: A Cross Sectional Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ramakrishnan Mahesh ◽  
Chandran Arthi ◽  
Samuel Victor ◽  
Seiramineni Ashokkumar
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Graduate Program ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
B Virus

Hepatitis B virus transmission in a dental setting more commonly occurs due to inadequate/improper use of safety measures by the dentist. This particular study evaluated the hepatitis B virus infection related awareness among dental graduate students in a University Dental College, India. A validated questionnaire regarding the awareness about hepatitis infection and various infection control measures was distributed among the students of different year of study in undergraduate bachelor dental graduate program. The data extracted were tabulated and analyzed. Final year students showed an increased awareness when compared to third year students. There is need for improving the knowledge among the nonclinical students, mainly on transmission of virus through salivary contact. The overall awareness among the students is only fairly satisfying, which signifies the need for continued infection control education among the students.

Hospital-acquired infection awareness and control practices among healthcare staff: an evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 296-302
Author(s):  
Pallavi Saraswat ◽  
Rajnarayan R Tiwari ◽  
Muralidhar Varma ◽  
Sameer Phadnis ◽  
Monica Sindhu
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Healthcare Facility ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infection ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Background/Aims Hospital-acquired infections pose a risk to the wellbeing of both patients and staff. They are largely preventable, particularly if hospital staff have adequate knowledge of and adherence to infection control policies. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, awareness and practice of hospital-acquired infection control measures among hospital staff. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 71 staff members in a tertiary healthcare facility in Karnataka, India. The researchers distributed a questionnaire containing 33 questions regarding knowledge of hospital-acquired infections, awareness of infection control policies and adherence to control practices. The results were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 16.0 and a Kruskal–Wallis test. Results Respondents' mean percentage score on the knowledge of hospital-acquired infections section was 72%. Their mean percentage scores on the awareness and practice of infection prevention measures sections were 82% and 77% respectively. Doctors and those with more years of experience typically scored higher. Conclusion The respondents had an acceptable level of knowledge, awareness and adherence to infection control practices. However, continued training is essential in the prevention of hospital-acquired infections. The majority of the respondents stated that they were willing to undertake training in this area, and this opportunity should be provided in order to improve infection control quality.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C markers in adolescents in Southern Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália Gazzoni Scaraveli ◽  
Ana Maria Passos ◽  
Andréia Royer Voigt ◽  
Andréa do Livramento ◽  
Gabriela Tonial ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Health Campaigns ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Immunosorbant Assay ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
The City

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) markers among adolescents aged between 10 and 16 years old, who are elementary school students in the city of Chapecó, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. The study involved a cross-sectional survey that included 418 volunteers, from March to July, 2008. Serology comprised HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs and anti-HCV. Tests were performed using automated Microparticle Enzyme Immunosorbant Assay (Abbott, AxSYM System, Wiesbaden, Germany). The prevalence of HBsAg was found to be 0.2% (95%CI: 0.0-1.3), and the prevalence of anti-HBc was found to be 1.4% (95%CI: 0.5-3.1). Regarding anti-HBs, 48.6% had titers greater than 10UI/L. None of the volunteers presented reactive results for anti-HCV. This study showed a low prevalence of HBV and HCV markers of infection and a great number of volunteers immunized against HBV. Finally this study shows the importance of proper health campaigns and policies in reducing those prevalences.

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