Fad Diets: Dietary Dilemmas, Predicaments, and Recommendations for its Use

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1362-1380
Author(s):  
Jyoti Singh ◽  
Prasad Rasane ◽  
Vidisha Tomer ◽  
Sawinder Kaur ◽  
Yogesh Gat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Health Care Expenditures ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Treatment Measures ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Extra Weight

The health issues, mainly overweight and obesity are the growing concerns nowadays due to the associated factors and lifestyle changes which significantly have increased the individual’s health care expenditures. Fad diets are promoted as the easiest and simplest way of shedding the extra weight despite the availability of several treatments available. The prevention and treatment measures, including modification in lifestyle, dietary pattern, and physical activity, are the foundation of weight loss. However, the standard treatment measures are not effective for certain populations as they require long time adherence, which leads to the search for other approaches like fad diet. We steered a comprehensive literature review to present the facts related to fad diets to their efficacy and sustainability. Although fad diets have yielded tremendous positive results in weight loss and cardiovascular risk prevention, the studies reported death in long-term interventions and the results and some of them show side effects too. Randomized controlled trials have significantly reported weight loss in comparison with the popular fad diets; however, persisting on the same diet has also reported kidney problems, ketosis, and other metabolic related problems. The conclusion of this critical review reported that gradual weight loss could be attained by the combination of lifestyle modifications, physical activity, and recommended dietary approaches.

Moving it for Weight Loss

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivy Lim
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Dietary Control ◽  
Intensity Physical Activity

The rate of overweight and obesity is increasing worldwide, with significant health impact. Obesity is a risk factor for morbidity and mortality and weight loss should take a multi-pronged approach, including dietary control and physical activity. The lack of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, as well as poor cardiorespiratory fitness are all independent risk factors for morbidity and mortality as well, thus it is important to advise lifestyle changes to address these issues. Most individuals who have no contraindications can embark on light- to moderate-intensity physical activity without the need for medical clearance. Specific advice on physical activity should be given, targeting the individual, and this can be done using the FITT (frequency, intensity, time, type) principle. Physical activity should also be reviewed regularly and progressed gradually to target physical activity guidelines. Individuals should also be encouraged to replace sedentary behaviour with at least light-intensity physical activity whenever possible.

Overweight, obesity, and abdominal adiposity

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Riccardi ◽  
Maria Masulli
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Term Survival

Obesity is a serious chronic disease of epidemic and global proportions. The incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is increased in obese people. Since overweight and obesity are associated with decreased lifespan, weight loss might be expected to improve long-term survival and to have beneficial effects on CVD risk. The therapeutic approaches for obesity are lifestyle changes, drugs, and bariatric surgery. Lifestyle modifications include modest weight loss and moderate-intensity physical activity. A low-fat (low saturated fat), low-sugar diet rich in fruit and vegetables, as well as legumes and whole grains, should be advised for its beneficial impact on weight and cardiovascular risk. Bariatric surgery represents an effective treatment in cases of severe obesity. Prevention of overweight and obesity at the population level will probably play a major role in combating the present obesity epidemic. Combining different intervention strategies is probably the best choice for maximizing the effects and minimizing the costs.

Strengthening of the Motivation for Lifestyle Modification in Patients Receiving the Guar Gum Drug

2016 ◽  
pp. 143-148
Author(s):  
Pavlo Kolesnik ◽  
Timea Korol ◽  
Ivanna Shushman ◽  
Aita Prohorova
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Dynamic Monitoring ◽  
Diet Habits

The article deals with the question of the prevalence of overweight and obesity among the cohort of mental profession. It determines the level of their motivation for lifestyle changes, as well as possibility to enhance their motivation while using of the guar gum Guarem drug (Orion Corporation, Finland). 161 persons where skinned for diet habits, physical activity, the presence of risk factors as well as dislipidemiya. Motivation for lifestyle changes was evaluated. It was found that the prevalence of overweight and obesity in population with predominantly mental and light physical labor, is extremely high at 68% women and 73% men and incidence increased with age. While dynamic monitoring of the patients, who underwent motivational counseling while taking the drug guar gum Guarem, noted strengthening of motivation to comply with the recommendations, compared with patients who received only verbal motivation.

Abstract TMP81: Regional, Race-Ethnic and Sex Disparities in Lifestyle Interventions: Data from the Florida Puerto Rico Collaboration to Reduce Stroke Disparities (FL-PR CReSD) Study - the NINDS Stroke Prevention Intervention Research Program

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A Ciliberti-Vargas ◽  
Kefeng Wang ◽  
Sofia Oluwole ◽  
Erika Marulanda-Londoño ◽  
Maranatha Ayodele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Lifestyle Interventions ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Diet Counseling ◽  
To Receive

Background: As key components of the AHA Life’s Simple 7 campaign, lifestyle modifications play an integral role in the prevention of vascular disease. Little is known about the prevalence of lifestyle modification counseling in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We sought to investigate disparities in the delivery of lifestyle interventions to AIS patients in the large NINDS-funded FL-PR CReSD Registry of Get With The Guidelines-Stroke (GWTG-S) data. Methods: GWTG-S collects data on the provision of several lifestyle interventions including counseling on exercise/weight loss, Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) diet, diabetes (DM) education and antihypertensive (low sodium) diet. 80,598 AIS cases were prospectively included from 82 sites (69 FL; 13 PR) from 2010-2016. Multilevel logistic regression models adjusted for age, race, and aphasia were used to evaluate differences in the provision of lifestyle interventions as indicated for patients prior to hospital discharge. Results: Among AIS cases, 51% were men, 62% non-Hispanic White (NHW), 18% NH-Black (NHB), 13% FL-Hispanic (FLH), and 6% PR-Hispanic (PRH). Mean age was 71±14 years. The highest mean BMI was in PRH (29±7 kg/m 2 ), with the lowest in NHW (27±6 kg/m 2 ) and FLH (28±6 kg/m 2 ). Despite this, PRH were less likely to receive exercise/weight loss counseling compared to NHW (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.20-0.90) and FLH (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.22-0.97). PRH also had lower odds of receiving TLC diet counseling compared to NHW and FLH (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.15-0.68). Though NHB presented with higher rates of DM compared to NHW (38% vs. 25%), they were less likely to receive DM education (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.91-0.99). Women were less likely to receive TLC diet counseling (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.90-0.98) and DM education (OR 0.94, CI 0.92-0.97) compared to men. Despite higher HTN frequency in women and NHB (67% and 69%), both were less likely to receive low sodium diet recommendations as compared to men (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.92-0.97) and NHW (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.91-0.99). Conclusion: Overall, disparities were identified in the provision of several lifestyle interventions in AIS patients. These interventions can benefit all and providers should continue counseling patients regarding modifiable risk factors to prevent future stroke.

Abstract P055: Six-Month Changes in Ideal Health and Cardiovascular Risk Scores Among Young Adults Enrolled in a Weight Loss Intervention

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethany Barone Gibbs ◽  
Wendy C King ◽  
John M Jakicic
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Weight Loss Intervention ◽  
Spearman's Rho ◽  
Spearman’S Rho

The Framingham 10-year (FRS-10) and lifetime (FRS-LIFE) risk scores use clinical CVD risk factors to predict coronary heart disease (CHD) and CVD outcomes, respectively. In contrast, the AHA’s Ideal Cardiovascular Health (IDEAL) paradigm encourages a 7-component, healthy phenotype that additionally includes healthy diet, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity behaviors that are also associated with the avoidance of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Objective: To compare changes in IDEAL, FRS-10, and FRS-LIFE over 6 months in young adults enrolled in a behavioral weight loss intervention Methods: FRS-10 and FRS-LIFE were calculated using published equations at baseline and 6 months in young adults who were overweight or obese at study entry but otherwise healthy. IDEAL was calculated on a 14-point scale where, for each component, 0, 1, or 2 points were given for ‘poor’, ‘moderate’, or ‘ideal’ classification, respectively. Descriptive statistics are reported as % or median [IQR]. McNemar’s test, test of symmetry, and Wilcoxon signed rank test were employed to evaluate pre- to post-intervention changes. Spearman’s correlations evaluate associations. Results: In 335 young adults, age 31 [27, 34] yrs, BMI 31 [28, 34] kg/m 2 , and 32% male, the intervention achieved significant 6-month decreases in BMI: -3.0 [-4.3, -1.5] kg/m 2 . Out of a possible 14 points (higher is better), IDEAL was 9 [8, 10] at baseline and 11 [10, 12] at 6 months, with 73% improving and 9% worsening (net improvement 64%) (p<.0001). Though<1% ever had IDEAL diet, a net improvement in diet was observed in 19%, with specific improvements in sugar-sweetened beverage and sodium components (p<0.001). Significant net improvements were also observed in IDEAL classification for BMI (49%), physical activity (39%), total cholesterol (14%), blood pressure (14%) and glucose (11%) components (all p<.0001). FRS-10 was negligible (<1%) for 88% of the cohort at baseline and 94% at 6 months. Across predicted FRS-10 scores, 7% improved and 2% worsened (net improvement 5%) over the 6 months (p<.0001). Improved FRS-10 and IDEAL were correlated (Spearman’s rho = -0.49, p<0.001). IDEAL had a stronger correlation with change in weight compared to FRS-10 (Spearman’s rho = -0.49 vs. 0.30; both p<0.001). FRS-LIFE indicated lifetime risk was high for 35% of the cohort at baseline and 22% at 6 months (p<.0001). FRS-LIFE as a 5-category scale improved in 38% and worsened in 13% (net improvement 26%) (p<.0001). Conclusions: In a cohort of overweight or obese, but otherwise healthy, young adults enrolled in a weight loss intervention, IDEAL was able to measure positive lifestyle changes in a majority of participants while the FRS-10 and FRS-LIFE did not. These results suggest that IDEAL may be particularly sensitive and appropriate to detect positive cardiovascular health changes in the growing population of overweight and obese young adults.

scholarly journals Role of Physical Activity and Exercise in Treating Patients with Overweight and Obesity

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M Jakicic ◽  
Renee J Rogers ◽  
Kelliann K Davis ◽  
Katherine A Collins
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Dietary Modification ◽  
Weight Regulation ◽  
Body Weight Regulation ◽  
Lifestyle Behavior

Abstract BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity are significant public health concerns that are linked to numerous negative health consequences. Physical activity is an important lifestyle behavior that contributes to body weight regulation. CONTENT Physical activity is inversely associated with weight gain and the incidence of obesity. Physical activity also contributes to additional weight loss when coupled with dietary modification, and it can result in modest weight loss when not coupled with dietary modification. Moreover, physical activity is associated with improved long-term weight loss and prevention of weight gain following initial weight loss. Current evidence supports that physical activity should be moderate to vigorous in intensity to influence body weight regulation. There is also a growing body of evidence that physical activity can be accumulated throughout the day in shorter periods of time rather than being performed during a structured and longer period, and that physical activity performed in this manner can be important for body weight regulation. SUMMARY The literature supports the inclusion of physical activity as an important lifestyle behavior for regulating body weight. There are multiple intervention approaches that may be effective for enhancing physical activity engagement within the context of weight control.

Increases in physical activity are associated with a faster rate of weight loss and less weight regain in women with overweight and obesity.

Appetite ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 105562
Author(s):  
Nuno Casanova ◽  
Kristine Beaulieu ◽  
Pauline Oustric ◽  
Dominic O'Connor ◽  
Catherine Gibbons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Overweight And Obesity

scholarly journals Diet composition and the risk of type 2 diabetes: epidemiological and clinical evidence

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Parillo ◽  
G. Riccardi
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Body Weight Reduction ◽  
Increased Risk

In the last 10 years nutritional research on diabetes has improved dramatically in terms of both number of studies produced and quality of methodologies employed. Therefore, it is now possible to attempt to provide the evidence on which nutritional recommendations for the prevention of type 2 diabetes could be based. We therefore performed a literature search and, among the papers published in indexed journals, we selected relevant epidemiological (mostly prospective) and controlled intervention studies. Lifestyle factors that have, so far, been consistently associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes are overweight and physical inactivity. However, recent evidence from epidemiological studies has shown that the risk of type 2 diabetes is also associated with diet composition, particularly with: (1) low fibre intake; (2) a high trans fatty acid intake and a low unsaturated:saturated fat intake ratio; (3) absence of or excess alcohol consumption. All these factors are extremely common in Western populations and therefore the potential impact of any intervention on them is large: indeed, >90% of the general population has one or more of these risk factors. The ability to correct these behaviours in the population is estimated to reduce the incidence of diabetes by as much as 87%. Recent intervention studies have shown that type 2 diabetes can be prevented by lifestyle changes aimed at body-weight reduction, increased physical activity and multiple changes in the composition of the diet. Within this context, the average amount of weight loss needed is not large, about 5% initial weight, which is much less than the weight loss traditionally considered to be clinically significant for prevention of type 2 diabetes. In conclusion, new emphasis on prevention by multiple lifestyle modifications, including moderate changes in the composition of the habitual diet, might limit the dramatic increase in incidence of type 2 diabetes envisaged worldwide.

scholarly journals Hispanic Male’s Perspectives of Health Behaviors Related to Weight Management

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1547-1559 ◽  
Author(s):  
David O. Garcia ◽  
Luis A. Valdez ◽  
Steven P. Hooker
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hispanic Males ◽  
Semistructured Interviews

Hispanic males have the highest prevalence of overweight and obesity among men in the United States; yet are significantly underrepresented in weight loss research. The purpose of the current study was to examine Hispanic male’s perspectives of health behaviors related to weight management to refine the methodologies to deliver a gender-sensitive and culturally sensitive weight loss intervention. From October 2014 to April 2015, semistructured interviews were conducted with 14 overweight Hispanic men of ages 18 to 64 years. The interviews lasted approximately 60 minutes. Participants also completed a brief questionnaire and body weight/height were measured. Grounded in a deductive process, a preliminary codebook was developed based on the topics included in the interview guides. A thematic analysis facilitated the identification of inductive themes and the finalization of the codebook used for transcript analysis. Four overarching themes were identified: (a) general health beliefs of how diet and physical activity behaviors affect health outcomes, (b) barriers to healthy eating and physical activity, (c) motivators for change, and (d) viable recruitment and intervention approaches. Future research should examine feasible and appropriate recruitment and intervention strategies identified by Hispanic males to improve weight management in this vulnerable group.

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