The Impact of First Childbirth Experience on Women’s Attitude towards Having another Child and Subsequent Vaginal Birth

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solmaz Ghanbari-Homayi ◽  
Sakineh Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi ◽  
Shahla Meedya ◽  
Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi ◽  
Eesa Mohammadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subsequent Pregnancy ◽  
Vaginal Birth ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Independent Predictive Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childbirth Experience ◽  
Childbirth Experience Questionnaire ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Primiparous Women ◽  
Childbirth Experiences

Background: Some women may consider childbirth an unpleasant event, which can influence their decisions on subsequent pregnancies and type of birth. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of negative childbirth experience and its relationship with women’s attitudes towards subsequent pregnancy and vaginal birth. Methods: The study design was a cross-sectional. A cluster sampling was used to recruit 800 primiparous women from health centers in Tabriz, Iran. The Persian version of the Childbirth Experience Questionnaire was used to assess women’s childbirth experiences. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the impact of childbirth experiences on women’s attitudes towards subsequent pregnancy and vaginal birth. Results: Thirty-seven percent of women reported a negative childbirth experience. There was a statistically significant relationship between childbirth experience and the attitude of women towards subsequent pregnancy (p<0.001) and vaginal birth (p<0.001). By controlling the effects of potential confounding variables such as socio demographic characteristics, negative childbirth experience was found to be an independent predictive factor for women’s reluctance towards subsequent pregnancies [OR= 0.42 (CI 95%: 0.57 to 0.31), p<0.001] and vaginal birth [OR= 0.08 (CI 95%: 0.14 to 0.04); p<0.001]. Conclusion: Negative childbirth experience is associated with a reduced willingness for women to get pregnant again and have vaginal birth. It is recommended that key stakeholders pay attention to strategies to improve childbirth experiences among primiparous women in Iran.

Effect of Unobserved Contextual Factors on the Prevalence of New Psychoactive Substance Use in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-259
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Education ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
New Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
New Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cluster Environment ◽  
The Impact

Objective: To explore the associations of characteristics of the cluster environment with new psychoactive substances (NPS) use in Thailand. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done on 30,411 Thai people, stratified in multi-stage cluster sampling. Trained interviewers conducted a semi-structured interview in 2016. A multilevel binary logistic regression model was employed to estimate the effects of the cluster environment on the NPS use. Results: NPS was widely used. The past month prevalence was 13.6%, and habitual use was 4.4%. Clustering significantly affects the spread of NPS use. Controlling for cluster effects, a likelihood of current NPS use was associated with elementary education, occupation, and reported health problems. While a higher likelihood of habitual NPS use was associated with elementary education, employed, and perceived mental health problem. Conclusion: NPS use was influenced by characteristics of the cluster environment. Therefore, demand reduction strategies should be designed based on a consideration of the impact of cluster context on NPS use behaviors. Keywords: Cluster effect, New psychoactive substance, NPS, Thailand

scholarly journals Healthcare workers’ knowledge, risk perception, safety-relevant practices, and work situation during the COVID-19 pandemic: A quantitative survey from Switzerland

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Marco Riguzzi ◽  
Shkumbin Gashi ◽  
Iren Bischofberger
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Quantitative Survey ◽  
Comprehensive Management ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Objective: To determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers and healthcare students in higher education and to assess their clinical knowledge, media use, risk perception, perception of governmental measures, and adherence to preventive guidelines to provide policymakers with field-based evidence.Methods: This cross-sectional quantitative survey was conducted by two-stage cluster sampling among Swiss healthcare workers, who performed patient care during the first pandemic wave, and who also pursued an education at a university of applied sciences at the same time (a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in nursing or an executive degree in healthcare). 75 individuals participated between 5th May and 1st June 2020. Their data was analyzed by bivariate hypothesis testing and multiple logistic regression.Results: Considerable levels of task-related and emotional stress were prevalent, accompanied by a large proportion of respondents who did not have sufficient protective materials or necessary decisions in place to effectively protect themselves or others from infection with COVID-19. Knowledge was considerably limited, especially regarding the efficacy of standard hygiene as a preventive measure. The preparation of the government and the healthcare sector was perceived as insufficient.Conclusions: Comprehensive management of infodemic challenges and foresighted development of education, human resources, clinical processes, and protective materials are highly recommended.

scholarly journals Validation of the Iranian version of the childbirth experience questionnaire 2.0

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Solmaz Ghanbari-Homayi ◽  
Anna Dencker ◽  
Zahra Fardiazar ◽  
Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi ◽  
Sakineh Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Childbirth Experience ◽  
Childbirth Experience Questionnaire ◽  
Experience Questionnaire ◽  
Childbirth Experiences

Abstract Background Assessing women’s childbirth experiences is a crucial indicator in maternity services because negative childbirth experiences are associated with maternal mortalities and morbidities. Due to the high caesarean birth rate in Iran, measuring childbirth experience is a top priority, however, there is no standard tool to measure this key indicator in Iran. The aim of present study is to adapt the “Childbirth Experience Questionnaire 2.0” to the Iranian context and determine its psychometric characteristics. Methods Childbirth Experience Questionnaire 2.0 was translated into Farsi. A total of 500 primiparous women, at 4 to 16 weeks postpartum, were randomly selected from 54 healthcare centres in Tabriz. Internal consistency and reliability was calculated using the Cronbach’s Coefficient alpha and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, respectively. Construct validity was assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and discriminant validity using the known-group method and the Mann-Whitney U-test. Results The internal consistency and reliability for the total tool were high (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.93; Intraclass Correlation Coefficient = 0.97). Explanatory factor analysis demonstrated the adequacy of the sampling (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin = 0.923) and significant factorable sphericity (p < 0.001). Confirmation factor analysis demonstrated acceptable values of fitness (RMSEA = 0.07, SRMSEA = 0.06, TLI = 0.97, CFI > 0.91, x2/ df = 4.23). Discriminatory validity of the tool was confirmed where the CEQ score and its subdomains were significantly higher in women who reported having control over their childbirth than women who did not. Conclusion The Farsi version of the Childbirth Experience Questionnaire 2.0 tool is a valid and reliable tool and can be used to measure the childbirth experience in Iranian women.

The Influence of Parents and Schools on Adolescents’ Perceived Diet and Exercise Self-Efficacy: A School-Based Sample From the United Arab Emirates

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 479-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wegdan Bani-Issa ◽  
Cindy-Lee Dennis ◽  
Hilary K. Brown ◽  
Ali Ibrahim ◽  
Fidaa M. Almomani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Parental Support ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy Behaviors ◽  
Diet And Exercise ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: In the United Arab Emirates, an alarming rate of 19% obesity among adolescents, associated with poor lifestyle, is apparent. Diet and exercise self-efficacy could influence adolescents’ engagement in healthy behaviors. This study evaluates adolescents’ perceptions of diet and exercise self-efficacy and explores the impact of parents and schools on self-efficacy. Method: A cluster sampling approach in cross-sectional design was used to recruit 610 school adolescents (Grades 7-12) over a 6-month period. Information on sociodemographics, lifestyle, parents, and schools was explored. Self-efficacy was assessed using The Eating Habits and Exercise Confidence Survey. Results: Participants reported moderate diet and exercise self-efficacy. Diet self-efficacy was predicted by parental support, eating breakfast and meals regularly at home, and prohibiting soft drinks. School support and frequency of weekly exercise classes predicted exercise self-efficacy; p values ≤.05. Discussion: Cultural knowledge and collaboration are essential to promote self-efficacy in multiethnic adolescents in the United Arab Emirates.

scholarly journals Examining the Impact of the Vaginal Birth After Cesarean Risk Calculator Estimation on Trial of Labor After Cesarean Counseling

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 238146831985083
Author(s):  
Erin Jeffries ◽  
Amy Falcone-Wharton ◽  
Joanne Daggy ◽  
Brownsyne Tucker Edmonds
Keyword(s):  
Risk Estimation ◽  
Vaginal Birth ◽  
Vaginal Birth After Cesarean ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Trial Of Labor ◽  
Patient Morbidity ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
The Impact

Background. Because failed trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC) is associated with greater morbidity than planned cesarean, it is important to distinguish women with a high likelihood of successful vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) from those likely to fail. The VBAC Calculator may help make this distinction but little is known about how often providers use it; nor whether use improves risk estimation and/or influences TOLAC counseling. Methods. In a cross-sectional survey, a convenience sample of obstetrical providers reported their likelihood (4-point Likert-type scale) to “Recommend,”“Offer,” or “Agree to” TOLAC for patients presented first through five clinical vignettes; then, in different order, by corresponding VBAC calculator estimates. Results. Of the 85 (of 101, 84% response rate) participants, 88% routinely performed TOLAC, but only 21% used the Calculator. The majority (67.1% to 89.3%) overestimated the likelihood of success for all but one vignette (which had the highest estimate of success). Most providers (42% to 89%) recommended TOLAC for all five vignettes. Given calculated estimates, the majority of providers (67% to 95%) recommended TOLAC for success estimates exceeding 40%. For estimates between 20% and 40%, most providers offered (58%) or agreed (68%) to TOLAC; and even below 20%, over half still agreed to TOLAC. The vignette with the lowest estimate of success (18.7%) had the weakest intraprovider agreement (kappa = 0.116; confidence interval [CI] = 0.045–0.187), whereas the strongest agreement was found in the two vignettes with highest success estimates: 77.9% (kappa = 0.549; CI = 0.382–0.716) and 96.6% (kappa = 0.527; CI = 0.284–0.770). Limitations. Survey responses may not reflect actual practice patterns. Conclusion. Providers are overly optimistic in their clinical estimation of VBAC success. Wider use of decision support could aid in risk stratification and TOLAC counseling to reduce patient morbidity.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in urban settings in three sub-Saharan African countries (SeroCoV): a study protocol for a household-based cross-sectional prevalence study using two-stage cluster sampling

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e056853
Author(s):  
Eva Lorenz ◽  
Aurélia Souares ◽  
John Amuasi ◽  
Wibke Loag ◽  
Christina Deschermeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Study Protocol ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Age And Sex

IntroductionThe current COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the entire world with increasing morbidity and mortality and has resulted in serious economic and social consequences. Assessing the burden of COVID-19 is essential for developing efficient pandemic preparedness and response strategies and for determining the impact of implemented control measures. Population-based seroprevalence surveys are critical to estimate infection rates, monitor the progression of the epidemic and to allow for the identification of persons exposed to the infection who may either have been asymptomatic or were never tested. This is especially important for countries where effective testing and tracking systems could not be established and where non-severe cases or under-reported deaths might have blurred the true burden of COVID-19. Most seroprevalence surveys performed in sub-Saharan Africa have targeted specific high risk or more easily accessible populations such as healthcare workers or blood donors, and household-based estimates are rarely available. Here, we present the study protocol for a SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence estimation in the general population of Burkina Faso, Ghana and Madagascar in 2021.Methods and analysisThe SeroCoV study is a household-based cross-sectional prevalence investigation in persons aged 10 years and older living in urban areas in six cities using a two-stage geographical cluster sampling method stratified by age and sex. The presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies will be determined using a sensitive and specific SARS-CoV-2 IgG ELISA. In addition, questionnaires will cover sociodemographic information, episodes of diseases and history of testing and treatment for COVID-like symptoms, travel history and safety measures. We will estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2, taking into account test performance and adjusting for the age and sex of the respective populations.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was received for all participating countries. Results will be disseminated through reports and presentations at the country level as well as peer-reviewed publications and international scientific conferences presentations.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL CAPITAL ON THE ROLE KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN THE CREATIVE INDUSTRY IN GETTING SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Yanti Mayasari Ginting ◽  
Elfindri Elfindri ◽  
Hafiz Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Management System ◽  
Knowledge Management System ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Creative Industry ◽  
Sustainable Competitive Advantage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

<p><em>This study examines the Sustainable Competitive Advantage model in the creative industries of the Visual Communication Design (DKV) sub-sector through a review of Social Capital and the mediating role of the Knowledge Management System (KMS). This research is quantitative descriptive, using cross sectional time dimension. The population in this study consisted of owners, managers, and designers in the DKV business in Riau Province, Indonesia. The research method is probability sampling using cluster sampling techniques. The samples used were 202. Data were collected through a questionnaire consisting of 41 questions. The results of this test is that there is a relationship between social capital and the knowledge management system. Knowledge Management System mediates the relationship between Social Capital and Sustainable Competitive Advantage. This research was conducted at DKV Enterprises so it needs to be extended to other creative industry sub-sectors to further validate the models that have been developed. So that the benefits obtained will be more extensive and meaningful for the creative industry holistically. Previous research has concentrated on the effect of social capital on knowledge management on the character of business organizations by not normalizing knowledge as the main competitiveness in organizations. Furthermore KMS in the creative economy is Knowledge Collaboration from various elements that support the creation of superior creative products.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p><em>Penelitian ini menganalisis peran mediasi <em>Knowledge Managemant System</em> (KMS) dan modal sosial terhadap <em>Sustainable Competitive Advantage</em> (SCA) pada industri kreatif sub-sektor Desain Komunikasi Visual (DKV). Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif, menggunakan dimensi waktu <em>cross sectional</em>. Populasi dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari pemilik, manajer, dan desainer dalam bisnis DKV di Provinsi Riau, Indonesia. Metode penelitian ini adalah <em>probability</em>, menggunakan teknik <em>cluster sampling</em>. Sampel yang digunakan adalah 202 responden. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner yang terdiri dari 41 pertanyaan. Hasil tes ini adalah bahwa terdapat hubungan modal sosial terhadap KMS. KMS memediasi hubungan antara modal sosial terhadap SCA. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada usaha DKV sehingga perlu diperluas ke sub-sektor industri kreatif lainnya untuk lebih memvalidasi model penelitian yang telah dikembangkan. Penelitian ini memberikan manfaat bagi industri kreatif untuk dapat mengetahui dimensi atau aspek dari setiap variabel penelitian yang perlu diberi perhatian untuk diterapkan, sehingga dapat mencapai SCA. Penelitian sebelumnya telah dilakukan pada pengaruh modal sosial pada KMS pada karakter organisasi bisnis yang dimana pengetahuan tacit bukanlah sebagai daya saing utama dalam organisasi. KMS usaha dalam industri kreatif adalah kolaborasi pengetahuan dari berbagai elemen didalam ekosistem yang mendukung mulai dari penciptaan gagasan untuk menghasilkan produk kreatif sampai kepada pengembangan produk dan pemasarannya.</em></p>

scholarly journals The Impact of Addiction on Academic Performance of Students: the Case of Wolaita Sodo University, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Bojago ◽  
Abenezer Wendimu
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Poor Academic Performance ◽  
Wolaita Sodo ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: The high prevalence of substance use and its association with poor academic performance is a global concern today. Objective: The study was conducted to assess the impact of addiction on the academic performance of students in the case of Wolaita Sodo University. Methods: Cross-sectional study was carried out among a total of 421 students selected by using the cluster sampling technique. Data were collected via semistructured questionnaires and interviews and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: The results showed that, from the total sample of students, 71.8% of the respondents were involved in addiction while the rest 28.2% were free from any addiction and 73.1% males were more likely to be addicted than females (26.9%). The chi-square result also shows that addiction and academic performance were found to be dependent and addicted students were associated with poor academic achievement than nonaddicted. The regression dummy variable test also showed that the students involved in addiction recorded a lower academic results by 0.587 than addiction free students.Conclusion: Behavioral and physiological addiction to illicit substances and other stimulants is common in Wolaita Sodo University as in other higher education institutions. The common practice of substance use and its association with poor academic performance demand universities to have a good control of the substance and to implement youth friendly activities. The effects of addiction might be better studied through pertinent, vigorous research.

scholarly journals An analytical cross-sectional study to describe and compare the mental health status of doctors and medical undergraduates in selected institutions in Colombo, Sri Lanka during COVID-19 pandemic

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S293-S293
Author(s):  
Chathurie Suraweera ◽  
Iresha Perera ◽  
Priyanka Rupasinghe ◽  
Janith Galhenage
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Status ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Mental Health Status ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Daily Routines ◽  
Medical Undergraduates ◽  
The Impact

AimsThe aim of this study was to describe and compare the mental health status of doctors and medical undergraduates in selected institutions during COVID-19 pandemic.MethodA cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among doctors working in major tertiary care hospitals two of which, risk is unpredictable and high, the other where all patients are positive for COVID-19 and among medical undergraduates. The doctors were selected using disproportionate stratified sampling and medical undergraduates using stratified cluster sampling. Data were gathered using a Google form containing socio-demographic details, perception on the pandemic and the General Health Questionnaire-12(GHQ-12).ResultThere were 468 participants in the study and among them 243(51.9%) were doctors. Mean age of the doctors’ is 34.54(SD = 7.43) years and more than half (50.06%) were in post graduate training. Majority were worried about their health (65%) and their loved one's health (90.1%). Among doctors 220(90.5%) felt that they have moderate or higher risk of acquiring COVID-19 and 15.6% would not have worked due to the risk. According to GHQ-12, 182(74%) doctors were psychologically distressed (mean GHQ = 12.64, SD = 4.54) and it was significantly associated with age less than 35 years (p = 0.039) and worry about interruption of their daily routines(p = 0.010).The mean age of 225 medical undergraduates was 25.20 (SD = 1.34) years and 176(78.2%) of the participants were psychologically distressed (mean GHQ = 14.32, SD = 6.67). Majority (59.11%) believed that they are at high risk of getting COVID-19. Their distress was significantly associated with the worry about the impact of COVID-19 related restrictions on their daily routines (p = 0.000).Binomial logistic regression confirmed that doctors were distressed due to impact on their income whereas both doctors and medical undergraduates were distressed due to impact on daily routines.ConclusionNearly three quarter of both doctors and medical undergraduates were psychologically distressed during COVID-19 pandemic. The worry was due to contracting illness, financial issues and the COVID-19 regulations.

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