Effect of Dietary Probiotics(Saccharomyces cerevisae)Supplementation on Serum Biochemicals ofTrypanosoma brucei bruceiInfected Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-342
Author(s):  
James I. Eze ◽  
Ubochioma E. Didacus
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Induce Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Parasitaemia Level ◽  
Lower Protein ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Background:Trypanosomosis is an important disease of both humans and animals commonly found in most parts of Africa and South America. Because of their activities, the parasites produce numerous changes in the cellular and biochemical constituents of blood. Also, trypanosomosis cause immunosuppression and also induce lipid peroxidation in the host. Probiotics confer beneficial health benefit to the host such as immune stimulation, protection against pathogens, metabolism, reduced oxidative stress, etc.Methods:Thirty (30) adult albino rats were assigned into 5 groups (A – E) of 6 rats each. Groups A, B and C rats were fed feed supplemented with probiotics at 0.08, 0.12 and 0.16 mg per kg respectively. On day 14 on the supplementation (OTS), groups A, B, C and D rats were infected with 1 x 106 trypanosomes intraperitonealy. Group E served as the not infected, not supplemented control.Results:The pre-infection supplementation did not vary the serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartrate transaminase (AST), urea, creatinine and total protein values of groups A, B and C. However, following infection, the ALT value of group D (infected, not supplemented) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than other groups on day 42 OTS. Also, the AST value of groups A and D were significantly (p<0.05) higher than group E but not with groups B and C on days 42 and 56 on the supplementation. On day 28 OTS, the urea level of group B was significantly (p<0.05) lower than group D whereas on days 42 and 56, group E and groups E and C were significantly (p<0.05) lower than other groups respectively. The serum creatinine level showed increase following infection with groups A and D being significantly (p<0.05) higher than other groups on days 42 and 56 OTS. On day 28 OTS, the total protein value of group A was significantly (p<0.05) lower than group C but not with other groups. By days 42 and 56 OTS, group D showed significantly (p<0.05) lower protein level when compared with other groups. The mean parasitaemia level of group D was significantly higher than other infected infected groups on days 28 and 42 on the supplementation. However, on day 56, the parasitaemia level of all infected groups did not vary (p>0.05).Conclusion:The ability of the supplementation to keep serum biochemical values before infection within range, and the subsequent maintenance of the value during most part of the infection were indication that probiotic was not toxic and may play a vital role in management of trypanosomosis.

Semen characteristics and sperm morphology of Pistia stratiotes Linn. (Araceae) protected male albino rats (Wistar strain) exposed to sodium arsenite

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olufunke Ola-Davies ◽  
O. Samuel Ajani
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Sodium Arsenite ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protective Potential ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Abstract: Sodium arsenite has been proven to be abundant in nature and released into the environment through human activities, including agricultural and industrial processes. The objective of our study was to investigate the sperm protective potential of: The sperm protective potential of: Group B had a significantly lower (p<0.05) percentage sperm motility (26.7±6.67 %) while group A had a significantly (p<0.05) higher mean value (63.3±3.33 %) when compared across the groups. The sperm motility of rats in group D was significantly higher (p<0.05) than groups B and C. This implies that: The study concluded that ethanol leaf extract of

scholarly journals Monosodium Glutamate Plus Artemether-lumefantrine Overdose Altered Malondialdehyde, Total Protein and Albumin Concentration in Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Cemaluk Chinedum Egbuonu ◽  
Emmanuel Obi ◽  
Chinedu P Nwuke ◽  
Cynthia Uchechi Simon ◽  
Justina Utodinachi Oleghibe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Therapeutic Dose ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Liver Homogenate ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Group A ◽  
Adverse Influence ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

This study aimed at assessing alterations in malondialdehyde, MDA, total protein and albumin concentration in the serum and liver homogenate of monosodium glutamate (MSG)-challenged rats co-treated with artemether-lumefantrine, AL. Methods involving colourimetric estimation were employed in thirty rats randomly grouped into six (n = 5) and for seven consecutive days, fed feed and water (Group A), AL therapeutic dose (Group B), AL overdose (therapeutic dose × 5) (Group C), MSG (8000 mg/kg body weight) (Group D), AL therapeutic dose plus MSG (Group E) or AL overdose plus MSG (Group F). Total protein concentration (2.64±0.09 g/dL, 2.81±0.14g/dL, respectively) in the liver homogenate of rats exposed to MSG (group D) or MSG plus AL overdose (group F) and malondialdehyde concentration in the liver homogenate of MSG plus AL overdose-fed rats (0.45±0.04 mg/ml) lowered (P<0.05) as against other groups. However, serum albumin concentration in MSG (2.59±0.13 g/dl) or AL overdose plus MSG (3.24±0.12 g/dl) fed rats was higher (P<0.05) compared to the control (2.02±0.04 g/dl). The Total protein: Albumin ratio lowered while the Albumin: total protein ratio increased in rats in MSG, AL overdose plus MSG or AL overdose groups compared with the control. Thus, the apparent MSG plus AL overdose-induced adverse influence on the studied parameters and samples of non-malarial infested rats could be via compromised liver-mediated protein metabolism capacity and bio-functions following possibly enhanced protein-malondialdehyde adduct formation in the rats.

scholarly journals Aqueous Allium sativum (garlic) extract ameliorated CdCl2- induced alterations in blood formation and spermatogenesis in albino rats

2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-314
Author(s):  
Edmund Chidiebere Mbegbu ◽  
Rita Ifeoma Odo ◽  
Paul Tobechukwu Ozioko ◽  
Mark Ebubechukwu Awachie ◽  
Lotanna Gilbert Nwobi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Blood Formation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Purpose: To investigate the ameliorative effect of aqueous garlic extract (AGEx) on cadmium chloride (CdCl2-induced) alterations in the blood and testicles of rats. Methods: A total of 24 male rats (160 - 200 g), randomly assigned into 4 groups (A - D; n = 6), were used to investigate the claimed protective effect of AGEx on blood and spermatogenic tissues following CdCl2-intoxication in albino rats. The rats in Group A served as controls and were given 5 mg/mL of deionized water. Group B rats were given 300 mg/kg of AGEx. Group C rats were given 2 mg/kg of CdCl2. Rats in Group D first received 2 mg/kg of CdCl2, and 300 mg/kg of AGEx 2 h later. All treatments were done every 48 h for a period of six weeks. Results: CdCl2 administration to group C rats reduced (p < 0.05) haematocrit value (PCV), concentration of haemoglobin (Hb), red cells count (RBC), total leucocytes count (tWBC), eosinophil, neutrophil, testicular weights and sperm reserves; but elevated (p < 0.05) lymphocytes count compared with the controls. AGEx 300 mg/kg in group D rats significantly reversed (p < 0.05) the altered parameters compared with the controls. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that administration of aqueous Allium sativum (garlic) extract to male rats enhances spermatogenesis, and ameliorates testicular and haematological alterations induced by cadmium poisoning. Therefore, the spermatogenic principle in AGEx is a potential candidate for the clinical management of male infertility.

scholarly journals PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF SEA BUCKTHORN SEED OIL EXTRACT ON ACETAMINOPHEN INDUCED HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES OF HEPATOCYTES IN ADULT ALBINO RATS.

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (01) ◽  
pp. 09-14
Author(s):  
Annum Basit ◽  
Attya Shahid ◽  
Shagufta Nasreen
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Sea Buckthorn ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Oil Extract ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Objective: to reveal the effects of sea buckthorn seed oil on acetaminophen induced variations (Diameter of hepatocytes and vacuolization) in liver of rats. Methods: it was experimental study, conducted at Post Graduate Medical Institute. This study was performed on 24 adult rats, which were then randomly separated into 4 groups A,B,C and D. the experiment lasted for 13 days. Group A was control received normal saline and distilled water. Group B, received acetaminophen750mg/kg as single dose on day 10. Group C and D received acetaminophen at dose of 750mg/kg along with sea buckthorn seed oil extract 2.6mg/kg and 5.2mg/kg. Liver was removed and fixed in 10% formalin. To observe the effect of acetaminophen and sea buckthorn seed oil , slides were prepared for histological examination. The diameter of hepatocytes and vacuolization was observed. The evaluation of results was done by using SPSS 21. Results: In Group B, vacuolization was seen in all animals and significant increase in mean diameter (11.9± 1.5 μm) of hepatocytes was seen. However in Group C, vacuolization was absent in all animals and mean hepatocyte diameter was (6 ± 0.6 μm). In Group D, no vacuolization was seen in all animals and mean hepatocyte diameter decreased to (5.2± 1.5 μm) after administration of SBT seed oil. Conclusion: Administration of SBT( 2.6mg/kg and 5.2mg/kg) exerts a protective effect against damaging effects of ACM ( 750 mg/kg) on hepatocytes in albino rats. This hepatoprotective role becomes greater with increasing dose of SBT.

scholarly journals Histoprotective effects of Curcumin on Bisphenol- A induced testicular toxicity in adult albino rats.

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 2206-2215
Author(s):  
Rabia Sajjad Toor ◽  
Faiza Irshad ◽  
Sania Asif
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Endocrine Disrupting chemicals including bisphenols have contaminated the environment significantly and is known to damage spermatogenesis via increase in oxidative stress. The anti-oxidant properties of naturally occurring substances like curcumin have been well established. Objectives: To evaluate the protective effects of curcumin against bisphenol-A induced testicular damage. Study Design: Experimental Study. Setting: Department of Anatomy, University of Health Sciences, Lahore. Period: From March 2015 to December 2015. Material & Methods: Thirty six rats were divided into four groups A, B, C and D of 9 animals each. Group A (control) was given 5ml/kg/day of corn oil orally for 10 days. Group B (Bisphenol-A) was given 100mg/kg/day of Bisphenol-A dissolved in corn oil orally for 10 days. Group C (recovery) was given 100mg/kg/day of BPA dissolved in corn oil orally for 10 days and left untreated for 10 days. Group D (Curcumin + BPA) was given 100mg/kg/day of BPA and 100mg/kg/day of Curcumin, dissolved in corn oil orally for 10 days. Rats of group A, B and D were sacrificed on day 11 and those of group C on day 21. After weighing the euthanized rats, testes were removed, processed and tissue sections were stained with H&E for Johnson scoring and with PAS stain for assessment of basement membrane integrity. Results: Bisphenol-A administration caused a significant decrease in weight of animals, a significantly low Johnson score of seminiferous tubules and high frequency of disrupted basement membranes of the tubules in Group B as compared to control. The weight gain of animals improved in the with-drawl group C while no self-recovery was observed in other parameters. Curcumin co-administration improved the body weight gain of animals, increased the Johnson scoring of tubules significantly and partially restored the basement membrane integrity in group D, comparable to the control group. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that co-administration of a potent antioxidant curcumin causes a significant antagonism of the histo-toxicity of testis produced by Bisphenol-A in albino rats.

scholarly journals The influence of human chorionic gonadotropin on hormonal and haematological profile of postpubertal male albino rats exposed to chronic oral administration of alcohol

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-780
Author(s):  
Martins S. AKOGWU ◽  
Chukwuka N. UCHENDU ◽  
Rita I. ODO
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Haematological Profile ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Male Hormones ◽  
Group D

This study evaluated the influence of human chorionic gonadotropin on hormonal and haematological profile of postpubertal male albino rats exposed to chronic oral administration of alcohol. Twenty-four mature male albino rats were assigned to four groups (n=6). Group A was the control, given distilled water, Group B was given 30% ethanol (8 ml/kg) orally 3 times a week, Group C was given human chorionic gonadotropin (HcG) (50 IU/kg) subcutaneously 3 times a week and Group D was given HcG (50 IU/kg) subcutaneously + 30% ethanol (8 ml/kg) orally 3 times a week. The study was for 10 weeks, and hormonal profile and haematology were determined. The follicle stimulating hormone of Group B decreased significantly (P<0.05) when compared to Groups A, C and D. The luteinizing hormone was significantly lower (P<0.05) in Group B when compared to Groups A, C and D. The testosterone level was significantly higher (P<0.05) in Group D when compared to Groups A, B and C. The results obtained from haematology indicated that haemoglobin concentration of Group B was significantly lower (P<0.05) when compared to Groups A, C and D. Ethanol significantly reduced (P<0.05) platelets when compared to Groups A, C and D. There was a significant reduction (P<0.05) in the neutrophils and lymphocytes in Group B when compared to Groups A, C and D. The study showed that HcG improves the level of male hormones and haematology in postpubertal albino rats exposed to chronic alcohol administration.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study on the Effect of Combined Methanolic Leaf Extracts of Vernonia amygdalina and Gongronema latifolium and Metformin on the Pancreatic beta cells of Streptozocin Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mfon Isua Akpaso ◽  
A. O. Igiri ◽  
P. A. Odey
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Beta Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cells ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D ◽  
Gongronema Latifolium

The effects of  methanolic leaf extracts of Vernonia amygdalina (VA) (Bitter leaf) and Gongronema latifolium (GL) (Utazi) and metformin on the histology and the DNA of the pancreas of streptozocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats were investigated in this study. 24 male albino rats which were divided into four groups of six rats each were used for this work: A (Normal control) and B (Diabetic control) received tap water, C received 5mg/kg of Metformin daily, D received combined extract of VA and GL, 400mg/kg twice daily. Groups B – D animals were induced for diabetes by intraperitoneal injection of 45mg/kg of Streptozocin, Following sacrifice, the pancreas and blood were collected for histopathological and biochemical studies. The results revealed normal exocrine and endocrine pancreas in group A. In group B, the pancreatic islets cells were shrunken with signs of degeneration and inflammation. In the group that received metformin, the islet appeared shrunken. In group D, the pancreas showed prominent and normal acinar and islet cells, suggestive of a possible regeneration. Feulgen’s reaction showed damage to the DNA of group B which was almost completely reversed in group D. The blood glucose in group B was significantly higher (P<0.05) compared to group A. In all the treatment groups, the blood glucose was significantly reduced (p<0.05) compared to group B.  Administration of methanolic leaf extracts of Vernonia amygdalina and Gongronema latifolium especially in combination restores pancreatic beta cells damaged by STZ compared to metformin. 

scholarly journals ALLETHRIN INDUCED TOXICOPATHOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS IN ADULT MALE ALBINO RATS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Quratulain Mujahid ◽  
Ahrar Khan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Vacuolar Degeneration ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

This study was designed to investigate the allethrin induced toxico-pathological changes in adult male albino rats. A total of 60 adult male albino rats were divided randomly into 4 equal groups. Group A was treated as control while group B was given Allethrin @ 0.5g/kg, group C @ 1.0g/kg and group D @1.5g/kg body weight respectively, orally once at day 14 of experiment. Dullness, erected hairs, alopecia, less response towards feed and water, watery droppings, tremors, convulsions and coma were more prominent signs in treated groups. Feed intake and body weight was decreased in all treated groups. Acute mortality was seen in group C and D. The total erythrocyte and leukocyte count, hemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume (P≤0.05) was deviated from normal in all the groups treated with allethrin. Histopathologically, kidneys exhibited condensed nuclei, necrotic tubules and congested renal parenchyma. In liver, vacuolar degeneration in nucleus and cytoplasm was observed. Micro nucleated lymphocytes were also evident in group D treated with highest dose of allethrin. In conclusion, allethrin induced dose and time-dependent toxico-pathological effects in adult male albino rats were observed and presented.

scholarly journals Comparative Gastro-Protective Effects of Nigella sativa (Kalojira) and Omeprazole against Aspirin Induced Gastric Ulcer in Albino Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Nashid Sultana ◽  
Md Ismail Khan ◽  
Nasim Ahmed ◽  
Md Shakil Akhter ◽  
Azmary Momtaz
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Aqueous Suspension ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Background: Nigella sativa seeds have been in use as a natural remedy for over thousands of years in various parts of the world. These seeds are reported to have beneficial effects almost on every system of the body.Objective: To evaluate the gastro-protective effect of Nigella sativa on aspirin induced gastric ulcer with comparison to omeprazole.Materials and method: This experimental study was carried out in the department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh in collaboration with the department of Pathology, Delta Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total number of 30 healthy albino rats were used in this study. The experiment was divided into 2 parts: Experiment-1 and Experiment-2. Experiment-1 comprised of 12 rats: Group-A and Group-B having 6 rats in each group. Ulcer was produced by administration of aqueous suspension of aspirin (200 mg/kg body wt) in Group-B where Group-A served as control and was provided with normal saline (2 ml/kg body wt). All the rats were sacrificed after 4 hrs to confirm gastric ulcer by histopathology. Experiment-2 comprised of 18 rats: Group-C, Group-D and Group-E having 6 rats in each group. Group-C served as disease control group and provided with normal saline (2 ml/kg body wt). Group-D was provided with alcoholic extract of Nigella sativa (150 mg/kg body wt) and Group-E was provided with omeprazole suspension (20 mg/kg body wt). After 8 days of treatment, animals were fasted for 24 hrs. Then aqueous suspension of aspirin (200 mg/kg body wt) was administered and after 4 hrs all rats were sacrificed. Gross and microscopic examinations were performed to evaluate the results.Results: Aspirin caused marked gastric damage in negative control group which was prevented in omeprazole suspension and Nigella sativa extract treated groups significantly. The protective effect was maximum with omeprazole followed by alcoholic extract of Nigella sativa.Conclusion: Alcoholic extract of Nigella sativa showed significant protection against aspirin induced gastric ulcer in rats as compared to omeprazole.Delta Med Col J. Jul 2016 4(2): 61-66

scholarly journals Study of Sub-Acute Toxicity Profile of Fenugreek (Trigonellafaenum-Graecum) Seeds in Kidney Tissues of Albino Rat: A Randomized Control Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Sefa Sarwath Alam ◽  
Ashish Kumar Mazumder ◽  
Rasheda Akhter ◽  
Selim Md Jahangir
Keyword(s):  
Dose Level ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Toxicity Profile ◽  
Fenugreek Seeds ◽  
Group A ◽  
Recovery Group ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Background : The objective of the present study was to evaluate the sub-acute toxic effects of ethanol extract of fenugreek seeds on kidney tissues of albino rats. Materials and methods: The present study was conducted on 30 albino rats divided into Group A, B, C, D and R. Group A (Control group) was treated with distilled water. Group B, Group C and Group D were treated orally with ethanol extract of fenugreek seeds at a dose of 1.25 gm/kg/day, 2.5 gm/kg/day and 5 gm/kg/day respectively for 90 consecutive days. Group R (Recovery group) was treated with seed extract of 5 gm/kg/day for 90 days followed by no treatment for next 28 days to observe any toxic effect if present in highest dose whether reversible or not. On 91st day all the animals of Group A, Group B, Group C and Group D were sacrificed and Group R was sacrificed on 119th day. Blood sample was collected from all the rats by cardiac puncture before sacrifice for measurement of biochemical and hematological parameters, and kidneys were collected for histopathological examination after sacrifice. Results: Upto 2.5 gm /kg/day dose level, all parameters of all experimental groups were statistically not significant when compared with control group. At 5 gm/kg/ day dose level the seeds extract produced statistically significant change in biochemical parameters such as serum creatinine and blood urea. In gross microscopic examination of kidney, at the highest dose level showed the sign of cell injury like cellular swelling, hemorrhage, inflammatory cells infiltration, necrosis etc. Interestingly, these biochemical and microscopic findings at the highest dose level were absent in recovery group. Conclusion: Finally, the study revealed that ethanol extract of fenugreek seeds was non toxic up to 2.5 gm/kg/day dose level and produce renal toxicity at 5 gm/kg/day dose level in sub acute toxicity test. So, if needed to use in higher therapeutic dose the toxicity profile of seeds extract must be re-evaluated. Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.18 (1); Jan 2019; Page 36-43

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