Antibiofilm Action of ZnO, SnO2 and CeO2 Nanoparticles Towards Grampositive Biofilm Forming Pathogenic Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fazlurrahman Khan ◽  
Jang-Won Lee ◽  
Dung N.T. Pham ◽  
Mohammad M. Khan ◽  
Seul-Ki Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Amyloid Protein ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Wide Range

Background: The ability to form biofilm and produce several virulence factors has caused numerous human pathogens to become tremendously resistant towards traditional antibiotic treatments, thus, new alternative strategies are urgently in demand. One of the strategies that have recently been developed involves the application of metallic Nanoparticles (NPs). Up to the present, promising results in terms of antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities have been observed in a wide range of metal NPs. Methods: The present study has selected three metal oxides such as ZnO, SnO2 and CeO2 NPs to comparatively investigate their antibiofilm and antibacterial properties against two Gram-positive human pathogens, which are Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. Result: The anti-biofilm activities of ZnO, SnO2 and CeO2 NPs against S. aureus and L. monocytogenes were assayed by crystal violet staining and confirmed by microscopic visualization using SEM. The synthesis of amyloid protein by S. aureus and exopolysaccharide by L. monocytogenes in the presence of ZnO, SnO2 and CeO2 NPs was evaluated by Congo red assay. Conclusion: Overall, these results indicated that ZnO, SnO2 and CeO2 NPs can be considered as potential agents for treating the infections caused by L. monocytogenes and S. aureus, especially those associated with biofilm formation. Based on the present study, further studies are required to understand their mechanisms at both phenotypic and molecular levels, as well as their in vivo cytotoxicity, thereby enabling the applications of these metal oxide NPs in biomedical fields and food industry. Discussion: Results have shown that ZnO, SnO2 and CeO2 NPs effectively inhibited biofilm formation of both L. monocytogenes and S. aureus. The microscopic analysis also confirmed the antibiofilm activity of these NPs. It was also found that only ZnO NPs inhibited cell growth as well as the production of amyloid protein in S. aureus.

scholarly journals Extract from phyllosphere bacteria with antibiofilm and quorum quenching activity to control several fish pathogenic bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Nathalia ◽  
Diana Elizabeth Waturangi
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Vibrio Harveyi ◽  
Quorum Quenching ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Fish Pathogen ◽  
Phyllosphere Bacteria

Abstract Objective The objective of this research were to screen quorum quenching activity compound from phyllosphere bacteria as well as antibiofilm activity against several fish pathogen bacteria such as Aeromonas hydrophila, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Vibrio harveyi. Results We found eight phyllosphere bacteria isolates with potential quorum quenching activity to inhibit Chromobacterium violaceum as indicator bacteria. Crude extracts (20 mg/mL) showed various antibiofilm activity against fish pathogenic bacteria used in this study. Isolate JB 17B showed the highest activity to inhibit biofilm formation of A. hydrophila and V. harveyi, meanwhile isolate JB 3B showed the highest activity to inhibit biofilm of S. agalactiae. From destruction assay, isolate JB 8F showed the highest activity to disrupt biofilm of A. hydrophila isolate JB 20B showed the highest activity to disrupt biofilm of V. harveyi, isolate JB 17B also showed the highest activity to disrupt biofilm of S. agalactiae.

scholarly journals Early Biofilm Formation on UV Light Activated Nanoporous TiO2SurfacesIn Vivo

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagat Areid ◽  
Eva Söderling ◽  
Johanna Tanner ◽  
Ilkka Kangasniemi ◽  
Timo O. Närhi
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Human Gingival Fibroblast ◽  
Gingival Fibroblast ◽  
Biofilm Development

Purpose. To explore earlyS. mutansbiofilm formation on hydrothermally induced nanoporous TiO2surfacesin vivoand to examine the effect of UV light activation on the biofilm development.Materials and Methods. Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy discs (n = 40) were divided into four groups with different surface treatments: noncoated titanium alloy (NC); UV treated noncoated titanium alloy (UVNC); hydrothermally induced TiO2coating (HT); and UV treated titanium alloy with hydrothermally induced TiO2coating (UVHT).In vivoplaque formation was studied in 10 healthy, nonsmoking adult volunteers. Titanium discs were randomly distributed among the maxillary first and second molars. UV treatment was administered for 60 min immediately before attaching the discs in subjects’ molars. Plaque samples were collected 24h after the attachment of the specimens. Mutans streptococci (MS), non-mutans streptococci, and total facultative bacteria were cultured, and colonies were counted.Results. The plaque samples of NC (NC + UVNC) surfaces showed over 2 times more oftenS. mutanswhen compared to TiO2surfaces (HT + UVHT), with the number of colonized surfaces equal to 7 and 3, respectively.Conclusion. Thisin vivostudy suggested that HT TiO2surfaces, which we earlier showed to improve blood coagulation and encourage human gingival fibroblast attachmentin vitro, do not enhance salivary microbial (mostly mutans streptococci) adhesion and initial biofilm formation when compared with noncoated titanium alloy. UV light treatment provided Ti-6Al-4V surfaces with antibacterial properties and showed a trend towards less biofilm formation when compared with non-UV treated titanium surfaces.

scholarly journals Chloramphenicol Resurrected: A Journey from Antibiotic Resistance in Eye Infections to Biofilm and Ocular Microbiota

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Eye Infections ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Old Drugs

The advent of multidrug resistance among pathogenic bacteria is devastating the worth of antibiotics and changing the way of their administration, as well as the approach to use new or old drugs. The crisis of antimicrobial resistance is also due to the unavailability of newer drugs, attributable to exigent regulatory requirements and reduced financial inducements. The emerging resistance to antibiotics worldwide has led to renewed interest in old drugs that have fallen into disuse because of toxic side effects. Thus, comprehensive efforts are needed to minimize the pace of resistance by studying emergent microorganisms and optimize the use of old antimicrobial agents able to maintain their profile of susceptibility. Chloramphenicol is experiencing its renaissance because it is widely used in the treatment and prevention of superficial eye infections due to its broad spectrum of activity and other useful antimicrobial peculiarities, such as the antibiofilm properties. Concerns have been raised in the past for the risk of aplastic anemia when chloramphenicol is given intravenously. Chloramphenicol seems suitable to be used as topical eye formulation for the limited rate of resistance compared to fluoroquinolones, for its scarce induction of bacterial resistance and antibiofilm activity, and for the hypothetical low impact on ocular microbiota disturbance. Further in-vitro and in vivo studies on pharmacodynamics properties of ocular formulation of chloramphenicol, as well as its real impact against biofilm and the ocular microbiota, need to be better addressed in the near future.

scholarly journals Recruitment of Mammalian Cell Fibronectin to the Surface of Chlamydia trachomatis

2002 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 3935-3938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betsy J. Kleba ◽  
Erin Banta ◽  
Erika A. Lindquist ◽  
Richard S. Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Heparan Sulfate ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Mammalian Cell ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Cell Binding ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Wide Range

ABSTRACT Pathogenic bacteria exploit the presence of various host cell molecules in order to colonize new tissues. Fibronectin is involved in a wide range of cell functions in vivo, and staphylococci, streptococci, and gonococci have evolved mechanisms to utilize this glycoprotein to mediate host cell binding. We show that elementary bodies (EB) from two biovars of Chlamydia trachomatis recruit fibronectin to their surfaces upon lysis of the host cell. We also demonstrate that a heparan sulfate lyase-sensitive molecule on chlamydial EB is responsible for binding at least a portion of this fibronectin.

scholarly journals Widespread Distribution in Pathogenic Bacteria of Di-Iron Proteins That Repair Oxidative and Nitrosative Damage to Iron-Sulfur Centers

2008 ◽  
Vol 190 (6) ◽  
pp. 2004-2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim W. Overton ◽  
Marta C. Justino ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Joana M. Baptista ◽  
Ana M. P. Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Paramagnetic Resonance ◽  
Widespread Distribution ◽  
Iron Proteins ◽  
E Coli

ABSTRACT Expression of two genes of unknown function, Staphylococcus aureus scdA and Neisseria gonorrhoeae dnrN, is induced by exposure to oxidative or nitrosative stress. We show that DnrN and ScdA are di-iron proteins that protect their hosts from damage caused by exposure to nitric oxide and to hydrogen peroxide. Loss of FNR-dependent activation of aniA expression and NsrR-dependent repression of norB and dnrN expression on exposure to NO was restored in the gonococcal parent strain but not in a dnrN mutant, suggesting that DnrN is necessary for the repair of NO damage to the gonococcal transcription factors, FNR and NsrR. Restoration of aconitase activity destroyed by exposure of S. aureus to NO or H2O2 required a functional scdA gene. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of recombinant ScdA purified from Escherichia coli confirmed the presence of a di-iron center. The recombinant scdA plasmid, but not recombinant plasmids encoding the complete Escherichia coli sufABCDSE or iscRSUAhscBAfdx operons, complemented repair defects of an E. coli ytfE mutant. Analysis of the protein sequence database revealed the importance of the two proteins based on the widespread distribution of highly conserved homologues in both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria that are human pathogens. We provide in vivo and in vitro evidence that Fe-S clusters damaged by exposure to NO and H2O2 can be repaired by this new protein family, for which we propose the name repair of iron centers, or RIC, proteins.

scholarly journals Biosynthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Disrupt Established Biofilms of Pathogenic Bacteria

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 710
Author(s):  
Fohad Mabood Husain ◽  
Faizan Abul Qais ◽  
Iqbal Ahmad ◽  
Mohammed Jamal Hakeem ◽  
Mohammad Hassan Baig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli

Global emergence and persistence of the multidrug-resistant microbes have created a new problem for management of diseases associated with infections. The development of antimicrobial resistance is mainly due to the sub-judicious and unprescribed used of antimicrobials both in healthcare and the environment. Biofilms are important due to their role in microbial infections and hence are considered a novel target in discovery of new antibacterial or antibiofilm agents. In this article, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were prepared using extract of Plumbago zeylanica. ZnO-NPs were characterized and then their antibiofilm activity was tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The ZnO-NPs were polydispersed, and the average size was obtained as 24.62 nm. The presence of many functional groups indicated that phytocompounds of P. zeylanica were responsible for the synthesis, capping, and stabilization of ZnO-NPs. Synthesized NPs inhibited the biofilm formation of E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa by 62.80%, 71.57%, and 77.69%, respectively. Likewise, concentration-dependent inhibition of the EPS production was recorded in all test bacteria. Microscopic examination of the biofilms revealed that ZnO-NPs reduced the bacterial colonization on solid support and altered the architecture of the biofilms. ZnO-NPs also remarkably eradicated the preformed biofilms of the test bacteria up to 52.69%, 59.79%, and 67.22% recorded for E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, respectively. The findings reveal the ability of green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles to inhibit, as well as eradicate, the biofilms of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

scholarly journals Plant thionins: structure, biological functions and potential use in biotechnology

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 667-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. I. Odintsova ◽  
M. P. Slezina ◽  
E. A. Istomina
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Lipid Transfer ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are important components of defense system in both plants and animals. They represent an ancient mechanism of innate immunity providing rapid first line of defense against pathogens. Plant AMPs are classified into several families: thionins, defensins, nonspecific lipid-transfer proteins, hevein- and knottin-type peptides, hairpinins and macrocyclic peptides (cyclotides). The review focuses on the thionin family. Thionins comprise a plant-specific AMP family that consists of short (~5 kDA) cysteine-rich peptides containing 6 or 8 cysteine residues with antimicrobial and toxic properties. Based on similarity in amino acid sequences and the arrangement of disulphide bonds, five structural classes of thionins are discriminated. The three-dimensional structures of a number of thionins were determined. The amphipathic thionin molecule resembles the Greek letter Г, in which the long arm is formed by two antiparallel α-helices, while the short one, by two parallel β-strands. The residues responsible for the antimicrobial activity of thionins were identified. Thionins are synthesized as precursor proteins consisting of a signal peptide, the mature peptide region and the C-terminal prodomain. Thionins protect plants from pathogenic bacteria and fungi acting directly on the membranes of microorganisms at micromolar concentrations, although their precise mode of action remains unclear. In addition to plant pathogens, thionins inhibit growth of a number of human pathogens and opportunistic microorganisms, such as Candida spp., Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Fusarium solani, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Thionins are toxic to different types of cells including mammalian cancer cell lines. Transgenic plants expressing thionin genes display enhanced resistance to pathogens. A wide range of biological activities makes thionins promising candidates for practical application in agriculture and medicine.

scholarly journals Cofactor-mediated amyloidogenesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillian Madine
Keyword(s):  
Conformational Change ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Zinc Binding ◽  
Amyloid Protein ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pathogenesis Related Protein ◽  
Plant Pathogenesis

Abstract A recent study published in Bioscience Reports by Sheng et al. (Bioscience Reports, (2019) 39, pii:BSR20182345] described a small but significant conformational change that occurs upon zinc binding and results in initiation of the amyloidogenic aggregation cascade of Golgi-Associated plant Pathogenesis Related protein 1 (GAPR-1) in the presence of heparin. The present study describes a two-stage process that is required for the initiation of the amyloidogenic aggregation cascade involving a concentration step and a conformation change to enhance accessibility of natively protected amyloidogenic regions for self-association. For GAPR-1 in the present study, these steps are provided by zinc binding causing the required conformational change enhancing accessibility of amyloidogenic regions, and heparin providing a template or scaffold in turn increasing the local protein concentration. Cofactors such as glycosaminoglycans and metal ions have been found associated with amyloid deposits in vivo and shown to affect protein assembly kinetics in vitro. Cofactor interactions with the amyloidogenic process are an area of great interest for therapeutic intervention for the wide range of diseases known to be associated with amyloid protein aggregation. The present study emphasises the need for enhanced structural understanding of cofactor–amyloid protein interactions and highlights that small subtle conformational changes can have large impacts on resulting aggregation processes.

scholarly journals The ecnA Antitoxin Is Important Not Only for Human Pathogens: Evidence of Its Role in the Plant Pathogen Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri

2019 ◽  
Vol 201 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laís Moreira Granato ◽  
Simone Cristina Picchi ◽  
Maxuel de Oliveira Andrade ◽  
Paula Maria Moreira Martins ◽  
Marco Aurélio Takita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Citrus Canker ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Xanthomonas Citri ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Bacterial Pathogenicity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Host Infection

ABSTRACT Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri causes citrus canker disease worldwide in most commercial varieties of citrus. Its transmission occurs mainly by wind-driven rain. Once X. citri reaches a leaf, it can epiphytically survive by forming a biofilm, which enhances the persistence of the bacteria under different environmental stresses and plays an important role in the early stages of host infection. Therefore, the study of genes involved in biofilm formation has been an important step toward understanding the bacterial strategy for survival in and infection of host plants. In this work, we show that the ecnAB toxin-antitoxin (TA) system, which was previously identified only in human bacterial pathogens, is conserved in many Xanthomonas spp. We further show that in X. citri, ecnA is involved in important processes, such as biofilm formation, exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, and motility. In addition, we show that ecnA plays a role in X. citri survival and virulence in host plants. Thus, this mechanism represents an important bacterial strategy for survival under stress conditions. IMPORTANCE Very little is known about TA systems in phytopathogenic bacteria. ecnAB, in particular, has only been studied in bacterial human pathogens. Here, we showed that it is present in a wide range of Xanthomonas sp. phytopathogens; moreover, this is the first work to investigate the functional role of this TA system in Xanthomonas citri biology, suggesting an important new role in adaptation and survival with implications for bacterial pathogenicity.

METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF FORMATION OF BIOFILMS BY CONDITIONALLY PATHOGENIC AND PATHOGENIC ENTEROSBACTERIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
A. B. Kononenko ◽  
◽  
I. B. Pavlova ◽  
D. A. Bannikova ◽  
S. V. Britova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Osmic Acid ◽  
Liquid Nutrient Medium ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Peptone Broth ◽  
Scanning Electron

To study the process of biofilm formation, microorganisms were cultured in 96-well plates, on meat-peptone broth, stained with a 0,1% solution of crystalline violet for 10...15 minutes, after which the unbound dye was washed off. The quantitative accounting of the bound dye was carried out by spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 490 nm. The technique for making bacterial preparations for light and scanning electron microscopy on dodged glasses immersed in Petri dishes with a liquid nutrient medium is proposed. A suspension of bacteria at a concentration of 105 m.k/ml in a volume of 5 ml was shaken on Vortex apparatus and introduced into Petri dishes with 20 ml of meat-peptone broth. Sterile non-greased cover glasses were placed on sterile object glasses and immersed in a liquid nutrient medium in Petri dishes. The material was incubated for 18...24 hours at 37 °C. Then the cover slips were removed with tweezers and some of them were stained with 1% aqueous solution of methylene blue (for light microscopy), and some were placed in Petri dishes with bottomed filters (for electron microscopy). The latter, in order to preserve natural architectonics, were fixed in vivo by pairs of 25% glutaraldehyde for 3...5 hours. Vapors of 2...4% osmic acid solution were used for 2...3-minutes to contrast the preparations. After treatment with vapors of osmic acid, biofilms with included bacteria acquired yellowish or brown color. The obtained preparations after dehydration with propylene oxide vapors and spraying with gold ions were examined in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The technique allows us to study the phases of development of biofilms and obtain objective data on the morphology of populations of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic bacteria without disturbing natural architectonics. It is shown that the intensity of biofilm formation by pathogenic microorganisms, such as salmonella, Yersinia, Staphylococcus aureus was slightly higher than that of non-pathogenic: Escherichia, Proteus, Citrobacter, Enterobacter.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document