scholarly journals Sexual Misconduct on Campus: Compliance Problems with a Sexual Conduct Code for College Students and Potential Solutions

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-181
Author(s):  
Michael E Dunn ◽  
Wiveca Borjesson-Holman ◽  
Stacey Tantleff-Dunn

Background:The prevalence of unwanted sexual contact on college campuses is a well-documented problem. Sexual conduct codes have been adopted at most institutions, but very little empirical research has examined the content or effectiveness of these codes in relation to student behavior.Objective:We assessed compliance with the sexual conduct code at a large state university to evaluate the correspondence of sexual behavior and the requirements of the code.Methods:Two surveys were conducted to obtain information from students on their behavior in relation to each aspect of the sexual conduct code. The code at the target university requires that students verbally request and receive permission before initiating sexual conduct and eschew sexual conduct with persons who are under the influence of alcohol, prescription medications, or illegal drugs.Results:In both studies, majorities of sexually active men and women reported engaging in sexual conduct that violates the code, as well as having been the target of such behavior. Sexual activity under the influence of alcohol and without prior verbal consent were most prevalent. Men and women did not differ in the likelihood of violating the code or being a target of such violations.Conclusion:Our results identify problems in conduct codes in defining consent and sexual misconduct, and raise serious doubts about the efficacy of such conduct codes in influencing behavior or protecting students. We present potential solutions based on our results and information from conduct codes of other institutions.

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Fedina ◽  
Jennifer Lynne Holmes ◽  
Bethany L. Backes

Sexual assault is a pervasive problem on university and college campuses in the United States that has garnered growing national attention, particularly in the past year. This is the first study to systematically review and synthesize prevalence findings from studies on campus sexual assault (CSA) published since 2000 ( n = 34). The range of prevalence findings for specific forms of sexual victimization on college campuses (i.e., forcible rape, unwanted sexual contact, incapacitated rape, sexual coercion, and studies’ broad definitions of CSA/rape) is provided, and methodological strengths and limitations in the empirical body of research on CSA are discussed. Prevalence findings, research design, methodology, sampling techniques, and measures, including the forms of sexual victimization measured, are presented and evaluated across studies. Findings suggest that unwanted sexual contact appears to be most prevalent on college campuses, including sexual coercion, followed by incapacitated rape, and completed or attempted forcible rape. Additionally, several studies measured broad constructs of sexual assault that typically include combined forms of college-based sexual victimization (i.e., forcible completed or attempted rape, unwanted sexual contact, and/or sexual coercion). Extensive variability exists within findings for each type of sexual victimization measured, including those that broadly measure sexual assault, which is largely explained by differences in sampling strategies and overall study designs as well as measures of sexual assault used in studies. Implications for findings and recommendations for future research on the prevalence of college-based sexual victimization are provided.


2021 ◽  
pp. 155708512110626
Author(s):  
Shauntey James ◽  
Melanie D. Hetzel-Riggin

Institutions of Higher Education (IHEs) have used restorative justice (RJ) to address sexual misconduct on college campuses under Title IX. In 2020, Title IX guidance was codified. The application of RJ under the new policy may create procedural and distributive justice issues. This article (1) defines the new policy; (2) explores suitability of RJ to sexual misconduct and specifically yellow zone behavior under the new policy; (3) discusses justice for the various stakeholders under the guise of advantages and disadvantages; and (4) makes recommendations to strengthen the choice of either implementing or not implementing restorative justice.


Author(s):  
I. A Pogonysheva ◽  
D. A Pogonyshev ◽  
I. I Lunyak

The cardiac activity of students who have been born and live in the territory equated to regions of Far North was assessed. In total, 132 students of Nizhnevartovsk State University were examined using the CardioVisor-06c analyser that helps to diagnose dysfunctions of the cardiovascular system at preclinical level. The authors conducted a questionnaire survey to identify risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases in students and analyzed the results of ECG dispersion mapping. The deterioration of the functional state of the myocardium was more pronounced among students with a high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. The young men and women with pre-pathological characteristics of electrophysiological indicators were referred for additional examination and cardiology consultation.


Screw Consent ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 94-116
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Fischel

This chapter surveys several cases of transgender men or butch women being convicted of sexual misconduct for deceiving their partners as to their assigned sex at birth. The conviction and categorization of this sexual conduct as sexual offense is troubling and wrong. These transgender “rapists” are not rapists, the sex is not sexual violence, and consent is not necessarily polluted by the undisclosed absence of a penis, the fact upon which most such cases and convictions rely. At the same time, these cases dramatize a central problem of consent’s scope: what do we consent to when we consent to sex? In this chapter, I propose that the deliberate contravention of an explicit conditional to sex should be a legal wrong and that such a narrowly tailored solution to the problem of sex-by-deception best protects sexual and gender minority defendants from phobic juries and judges while also facilitating sexual autonomy.


Author(s):  
Renate Klein

This chapter discusses the history of sexual violence in US universities to see where things have changed and where they have not. It first explains the relevant terms, such as ‘higher education institution’, ‘college’ and ‘university’ as well as ‘on campus’, ‘sexualised violations’, and ‘sexual misconduct’. It then reviews the early research which overlooked the gendered nature of campus sexual violence, the initial efforts that sought to ‘teach women how to stay safe’ which were critiqued for implicit victim-blaming, and more recent prevention approaches which focus on bystander intervention and the role of friends, peers and social networks in preventing violence. It also examines victimisation and perpetration, along with the interrelationships between perpetration dynamics, campus culture and institutional governance. The chapter concludes with an analysis of issues relating to policy framing and victims' formal reporting.


2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052090507
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Rogers ◽  
Baker A. Rogers

Despite efforts on some college campuses to address the issue of sexual victimization, the numbers have not changed much over the last four decades. The purpose of this study is to examine how demographic, contextual, and behavioral factors influence sexual victimization on college campuses. Using data from the Fall 2011 National College Health Assessment/American College Health Association survey, we examine three hypotheses: (1) contextual factors will have a greater effect on the likelihood of victimization than behavioral factors; (2) demographic factors will have a greater effect on the likelihood of victimization than behavioral factors; and (3) contextual factors for men will have a greater effect than contextual factors for women. While previous studies have tackled portions of these larger objectives, few studies have focused on all three sets of factors of analysis simultaneously. Overall, we find that behavioral factors predict sexual victimization better than either demographic or contextual factors for both men and women. However, we also find that some contextual factors are significant, including variables not generally discussed in the literature, such as perception of typical student behaviors and dissemination of violence prevention programming and information. In addition, we add to the literature by showing how demographic, behavioral, and contextual factors of sexual victimization vary in significance for men and women. These findings support the calls for more sexual violence prevention programming on college campuses that is more intersectional and addresses the issue of sexual violence based on the knowledge we have gained about individual, interactional, and institutional factors that contribute to this problem.


10.12737/1250 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 44-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Кошлякова ◽  
Mariya Koshlyakova

The notion of the gender will concentrate the attention on socially built differences of men and women, reflects some cultural stereotypes and ideals of masculinity and femininity, sexual division of labor in social institutions and organizations. The comprehension of various gender styles of behavior should be considered in professional activity of a college teacher. The profession of a college teacher is marked with masculine gender markers first of all. A survey among students has been conducted to reveal the gender speech models of college teachers in the Russian State University of Tourism and Service.


1994 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry Jensen ◽  
Robert Christiansen

This study was done to identify areas of agreement on gender issues. The sample of 161 students attended California State University at San Luis Obispo and 27 nonuniversity students were friends. Among university students, 112 were women, 49 were men. A questionnaire asked respondents to indicate agreement on the issues of equal opportunity, sex differences, tactics of social change, education, protectionism, sexuality, family, and sexual standards for women. Agreement was high among different groups, men and women, students and nonstudents, old and young women, and denominational affiliations. The results were discussed in terms of building feminist theory and evaluating social policy on areas of agreement as depicted in this sample.


Author(s):  
Мария Анатольевна Толстова

Введение. Выявлены представления о мужчине в женском диалектном дискурсе. Материал и методы. Источником исследования послужили женские автобиографические рассказы, собранные автором в диалектологических экспедициях в 2016–2019 гг.; тексты Томского диалектного корпуса, включающего материалы экспедиций, организуемых сотрудниками Томского государственного университета с 1946 г. по наши дни в районы распространения говоров Среднего Приобья. Работа выполнена в рамках когнитивно-дискурсивного направления гендерной лингвистики. Результаты и обсуждение. Базой для выявления гендерных представлений и стереотипов является наличие лингвистических оппозиции «мужественность – женственность», в рамках которых противопоставляются личные качества мужчин и женщин и особенности их поведения. Определено, что мужчина по сравнению с женщиной менее бережлив, более склонен к пьянству. Противопоставление женщин и мужчин происходит на основе разделения трудовых обязанностей. Важным параметром для вербализации гендерных представлений является статус в браке. На уровне языка это находит отражение в частотном употреблении лексической единицы муж, в наличии значительного числа синонимов к данной единице. Как правило, рассуждения женщин о себе и своей жизни сопровождаются оценкой супруга и жизни с ним в браке. Наиболее ярко представления о мужчине фиксируются при характеристике его личных качеств. Женщины чаще всего оценивают мужчину исходя из его работоспособности, трудолюбия, хозяйственности, социальных достижений. При характеристике мужа важным оказывается его отношение к жене, наличие любви между супругами. Пьянство и агрессивность мужчины осуждаются. Негативно оценивается проявление мужчиной типично женских качеств: болтливости, склочности и скандальности. Заключение. На содержание женских представлений о мужчине оказывают влияние особенности сельского существования, основу которого составляет труд, наличие патриархальных гендерных стереотипов, социально-исторические события и процессы. Выявленные гендерные представления обладают дискурсивной спецификой, обусловленной гендерной идентичностью говорящего. Introduction. The article is devoted to the identification of ideas about men in women’s dialect discourse. Material and methods. The material of the research is women’s autobiographical stories recorded by the author in dialectological expeditions in 2016–2019; the Tomsk dialect corpus, which includes the materials of expeditions organized by employees of the Tomsk State University from 1946 till the present day on the territory of Middle Ob dialects spread. The research is carried out in cognitive-discursive direction of gender linguistics. Results and discussion. The basis for identifying gender ideas and stereotypes is linguistic opposition of “masculinity- femininity”, in which the personal qualities of men and women and the characteristics of their behavior are contrasted. It is determined that a man less thrifty, more prone to drunkenness than a woman. The contrast between women and men is based on the division of labor responsibilities. An important parameter for verbalization of gender ideas is the status in marriage. It is reflected in the frequency of using of lexical unit husband and in significant number of synonyms for this unit. As a rule, women’s stories s about themselves and their lives are accompanied by characterization of their husband and life in marriage. The most vivid ideas about a man are recorded during description of his personal qualities. Women more often evaluate a man based on his working capacity, economic efficiency, and social achievements. Attitude to a wife and love between a wife and a husband is important in description of husband’s characteristic. Drunkenness and aggressiveness of men are condemned. Such typically feminine qualities as loquacity, squabbling, and scandalous behavior, is negatively assessed for men. Conclusion. The content of ideas about men is influenced by the features of rural existence, which is based on work, patriarchal gender stereotypes, socio-historical events and processes. The identified gender ideas have a discursive specificity due to the gender identity of the speaker.


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