Purifying crude petroleum by using porous ceramic balls

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enas Muhi Hadi ◽  
Khulood Haleem Yousif
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Apparent Density ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Apparent Porosity ◽  
Crude Petroleum ◽  
Metallic Contact ◽  
Dry Pressing ◽  
Porosity Ratio ◽  
Partical Size

Background: Background: In this study ceramic crude petroleum filter was prepared from Iraqi White Kaolin with ratio (70%) and Alumina (Al2O3) with ratio (30%), with natural additives Palm Frond with ratios (5,10,15,25,35 and 45)% in different partical size to produce pores, formed by dry pressing then fairing at 1100(˚C). The filters are harmless and environmentally friendly materials. Some assessments were carried out, such as (apparent porosity ratio, water absorption ratio, and apparent density). From the test results obtained the apparent porosity was 60.7% , water absorption was 89.3% and an apparent density of 0.68% with a 45% ratio of fine (P.F). Methods: Size and distribution of pores were characterized by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The crude petroleum treated with filters evaluated by tests such as (API Gravity, Sulfur Content, Asphaltenes Content, and Metallic Content). Results: The result of API Gravity before immersion crude petroleum filter balls was 24.70 and after immersion crude petroleum filter balls for 7 days for 30 % (P.F) increase to 31.0 and reach to 32.5 after immersion for 14 days. Sulfur Content before immersion crude petroleum filter balls was 3.76 and after immersion crude petroleum filter balls for 7 days for 30 % (P.F) decrease down to 3.1 and reach to 2.6 after immersion for 14 days. Conclusion: So Asphaltenes content before immersion crude petroleum filter balls was 6.68 and after immersion crude petroleum filter balls for 7 days 30 % (P.F) decreased down to 2 and reach to 1.6 after immersion for 14 days, metallic contact such as Vanadium and Nickel before immersion crude petroleum filter balls respectively was 86 ppm, 32 ppm while after immersion crude petroleum filter balls for 7 days they become 53.26 ppm and 15.35 ppm and for 14 days they reached to 47.52 ppm and 11.43 ppm respectively.

Evaluating the Performance of Carbon in Water Filters Preparation from Porcelanites and Studying the Properties of Water Passing through a Filter

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 876-883
Author(s):  
Enas M. Hadi ◽  
Safa L. Jasim
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Apparent Density ◽  
Adaptive Filters ◽  
Apparent Porosity ◽  
Flowing Water ◽  
Water Filter ◽  
Direct Results ◽  
Water Filters ◽  
Natural Additives ◽  
Better Than

Background: In this study, ceramic water filter was prepared from Iraqi Local porcelanite and White Kaolin with the ratio of 10% as a binder with natural additives “wheat flakes.” Ratios 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30%. Methods: These materials are formed then fairing at 1200°C. The filters are environmentally familiar materials and harmless. Carbon was included to some prepared filters by thermally being treated at 950°C in the carbonation box to improve the performance and efficiency. After the filter is prepared, an assessment was carried out (apparent porosity, water absorption, permeability, and apparent density). Results: From the direct results, the apparent porosity, water absorption, and permeability were increased tremendously along with the increasing of the W.F., and the apparent density is typically decreased for the adaptive filter with or without carbon. The flowing water promptly passing through the adaptive filters was carefully evaluated by testes such as TSS, TDS, PH, and turbidity. The result was TSS in water, 6 mg/l, TSS in filter without carbon. 1 mg/l, TSS for filter with carbon was decreased to 0 mg/L. Turbidity (NTU) for water 1.9 NTU, Turbidity for filter without carbon was 0.71NUT, and Turbidity for the filters with carbon was decreased to 0.63 NUT. PH for water was 7.75 PH for filter without carbon was 7.68, PH for filter with carbon was decreased to 7.33. Conclusion: Filters with carbon are better than the filter without carbon for removing potential contaminants from the filter without carbon. Desired results were properly obtained within the Iraqi standard for drinking water.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SINTERING AND CORDIERITE ADDITIVES ON THE PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MULLITE BASED CERAMICS PREPARED FROM IRAQI RAW MATERIALS

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (2F) ◽  
pp. 49-64
Author(s):  
Mojahid Najim
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Apparent Porosity ◽  
Pressing Method ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Dry Pressing ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The One

Mullite and cordierite are produced in the laboratory from Iraqi raw materials, have been crushed individually to obtain dense ceramic bodies to a particle size smaller than 45µ. Five mixtures of cordierite and mullite have been prepared in which cordierite has been added to mullite with the percentages of 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 %. One hundred and twenty disk samples have been prepared using the semi-dry pressing method, with the pressure of 1000kg/cm2. The samples were dried and fired at different temperatures of 1300, 1350, 1400, and 1450 oC, with a soaking time of 2h. Physical evaluation tests (volume shrinkage, water absorption, apparent porosity, and bulk density) in addition to mechanical evaluation tests (compressive strength) have been performed. Samples fired at 1400 oC showed the best rates for the evaluation tests in general, in which the apparent porosity and water absorption for the samples were very low while the rates of density and compressive strength were high. The characteristics of samples fired at 1450 oC were overall poor while samples containing 60 and 70 % cordierite were melted. The best samples in this investigation were proven to be the ones containing 30% cordierite and 70% mullite while samples made out of 40% cordierite and 60% mullite show good mechanical and physical characteristics. The best ideal sample was the one fired at 1400 oC and contained 30% cordierite and 70% mullite.

scholarly journals The Influence of Sewage Sludge Content and Sintering Temperature on Selected Properties of Lightweight Expanded Clay Aggregate

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3363
Author(s):  
Jolanta Latosińska ◽  
Maria Żygadło ◽  
Przemysław Czapik
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Apparent Density ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Closed Porosity ◽  
Specific Density ◽  
Sustainability Principles

Wastewater treatment processes produce sewage sludge (SS), which, in line with environmental sustainability principles, can be a valuable source of matter in the production of lightweight expanded clay aggregate (LECA). The literature on the influence of SS content and sintering temperature on the properties of LECA is scarce. This paper aims to statistically evaluate the effects of SS content and sintering temperature on LECA physical properties. Total porosity, pore volume, and apparent density were determined with the use of a density analyzer. A helium pycnometer was utilized to determine the specific density. Closed porosity was calculated. The test results demonstrated a statistically significant influence of the SS content on the specific density and water absorption of LECA. The sintering temperature had a significant effect on the specific density, apparent density, total porosity, closed porosity, total volume of pores, and water absorption. It was proved that a broad range of the SS content is admissible in the raw material mass for the production of LECA.

scholarly journals Biodegradable, Flame-Retardant, and Bio-Based Rigid Polyurethane/Polyisocyanurate Foams for Thermal Insulation Application

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Borowicz ◽  
Joanna Paciorek-Sadowska ◽  
Jacek Lubczak ◽  
Bogusław Czupryński
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Apparent Density ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Mustard Seed ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Processing Times

This article raised the issue of studies on the use of new bio-polyol based on white mustard seed oil and 2,2’-thiodiethanol (3-thiapentane-1,5-diol) for the synthesis of rigid polyurethane/polyisocyanurate (RPU/PIR) foams. For this purpose, new formulations of polyurethane materials were prepared. Formulations contained bio-polyol content from 0 to 0.4 chemical equivalents of hydroxyl groups. An industrial flame retardant, tri(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) phosphate (Antiblaze TCMP), was added to half of the formulations. Basic foaming process parameters and functional properties, such as apparent density, compressive strength, brittleness, absorbability and water absorption, aging resistance, thermal conductivity coefficient λ, structure of materials, and flammability were examined. The susceptibility of the foams to biodegradation in soil was also examined. The increase in the bio-polyol content caused a slight increase in processing times. Also, it was noted that the use of bio-polyol had a positive effect on the functional properties of obtained RPU/PIR foams. Foams modified by bio-polyol based on mustard seed oil showed lower apparent density, brittleness, compressive strength, and absorbability and water absorption, as well as thermal conductivity, compared to the reference (unmodified) foams. Furthermore, the obtained materials were more resistant to aging and more susceptible to biodegradation.

Preparation of Pottery from Shale

2007 ◽  
Vol 336-338 ◽  
pp. 2062-2064
Author(s):  
Xiu Ling Tang ◽  
Min Fang Han ◽  
Qi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Apparent Density ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
Mineral Components ◽  
Deposit Density

The main chemistry ingredients of the shale in Baoding, China, are SiO2 and Al2O3, and the mineral components are quartz, feldspar and mica. The shale was sintered to produce pottery at 1000 ~ 1300°C and its deposit density and expansion ratio were measured. The compressive strength, apparent density, water absorption, etc, of some sintered samples with expansion ratio more than 1.5 were measured according to GB/T17431.2-1998. When sintered at 1150°C for 15 min, the expansion ratio of the shale is 1.96. When sintered at 1200°C for 10 min, the expansion ratio is 2.00. The performances of the prepared pottery accord with GB/T17431.2-1998: the compressive strength is 3.8MPa with the expansion ratio 1.96, the compressive strength is 4.2MPa with the expansion ratio 2.00. The water absorption is 4.9~5.8%, according with GB/T17431.2-1998.

Mechanical Properties and Thermal Conductivity of Lightweight Clay Bricks Fabricated with a Powdered Marble Dust Additive

2018 ◽  
Vol 777 ◽  
pp. 465-470
Author(s):  
Sutas Janbuala ◽  
Mana Eambua ◽  
Arpapan Satayavibul ◽  
Watcharakhon Nethan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Apparent Porosity ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Marble Dust

The objective of this study was to recycle powdered marble dust to improve mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of lightweight clay bricks. Varying amounts of powdered marble dust (10, 20, 30, and 40 vol.%) were added to a lightweight clay brick at the firing temperatures of 900, 1000, and 1100 °C. When higher quantities of powdered marble dust were added, the values of porosity and water absorption increased while those of thermal conductivity and bulk density decreased. The decrease in apparent porosity and water absorption were also affected by the increase in firing temperature. The most desirable properties of the clay bricks were obtained for the powdered marble dust content of 40 vol.% and firing temperature 900 °C: bulk density of 1.20 g/cm3, compressive strength 9.2 MPa, thermal conductivity 0.32 W/m.K, and water absorption 22.5%.

Prodution of Concrete Aggregates with High Strength by Using the Wastes

2010 ◽  
Vol 163-167 ◽  
pp. 1651-1654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Bang Wang ◽  
Zong Hui Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Apparent Density ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
High Strength ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Concrete Aggregates ◽  
Natural Aggregates ◽  
Different Content ◽  
Furnace Slag

Several series of concrete aggregates with different content of steel slag, blast furnace slag, coal gangue and fly ash were prepared. The reasonable ratio of raw materials and process parameters to prepare the aggregates were determined by measuring the water absorption, crush indicators and apparent density of the aggregates. The mineral composition and morphology of the aggregates were analyzed by XRD, SEM and EDS. The results showed the aggregate with about 30% steel slag, 50% slag, 20% gangue, and calcined at 1300°C for 90 minutes had the best performance. The water absorption of the aggregate is about 1.55% which is lower than that of the natural aggregates (about 2.2% on average). Both the crushing index (about 11.39%) and the apparent density (2672 kg/m3) of the aggregate meet the requirements of national standards.

Characterization, Modification and Rheology of Green Clay

2015 ◽  
Vol 820 ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
Leila Verônica da Rocha-Gomes ◽  
Antônio José Santana ◽  
Camila Martini Matos ◽  
Valquíria de Fátima Justo ◽  
Maria Das Graças Silva-Valenzuela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Apparent Density ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Clay Sample ◽  
Oil Drilling ◽  
Smectite Clays ◽  
Swelling Capacity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Green Clay

Smectite clays or bentonites are used in several industrial applications. The aim of this study was to describe the characterization and organophilization of a green clay sample coming from the State of Paraíba, Brazil. The clay was characterized by XRD, XRF, CEC, SEM, stereoscopic microscopy, Fann viscosity (before and after the organophilization process), swelling capacity in water and some organic solvents. Prismatic specimens were conformed by pressing, for which were conformed the mechanical sthegth after drying at 110°C and after burning at 950°C. The burned specimens were analyzed to evaluate dimensional variations, water absorption, apparent porosity and apparent density. XRD showed that the sample was constituted mainly for montmorillonite claymineral. Analysis of rheological properties of the modified clay indicates its potential to meet the specifications of the standard N-2604 of Petrobras, concerning clays used to oil drilling.

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