Mesenchymal stem cells: A potent cell source for COVID-19

: Coronaviruses are enveloped positive-stranded RNA viruses that cause mild to acute respiratory illness. Coronaviruses can fuse their envelopes with the host cell membranes and deliver their genetic material. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the seventh coronavirus closest to the bat severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) that infects humans. COVID-19 attacks the respiratory system and stimulates the host inflammatory responses, promotes the recruitment of immune cells, and enhances angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) activities. Patients with confirmed COVID-19 may have experienced fever, dry cough, headache, dyspnea, acute kidney injury (AKI), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and acute heart injury. Several strategies such as oxygen therapy, ventilation, antibiotic or antiviral therapy, and renal replacement therapy are commonly used to decrease COVID-19-associated mortality. Inflammation is a common and important factor in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. In recent years, stem cell-based therapies represent a promising therapeutic option against various diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that can self-renew and differentiate into various tissues of mesodermal origin. MSCs can be derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, and umbilical cord blood. MSCs with their unique immunomodulatory properties represent a promising therapeutic alternative against diseases associated with inflammation. Several previous studies have shown that MSCs with a strong safety profile can improve the treatment of patients with COVID-19. The information in this review provides a summary of the prevention and diagnosis of COVID-19. Also, we focus on the current clinical application of MSCs for treatments of patients with COVID-19.

Download Full-text

Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Spinal Cord Injury

Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy ◽

10.2174/1574888x15666200316164051 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 340-348 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Masoumeh Alishahi ◽

Amir Anbiyaiee ◽

Maryam Farzaneh ◽

Seyed E. Khoshnam

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Tissue Injury ◽

Therapeutic Option ◽

Human Mscs ◽

Multipotent Stem Cells ◽

Cord Injury

Spinal Cord Injury (SCI), as a devastating and life-altering neurological disorder, is one of the most serious health issues. Currently, the management of acute SCI includes pharmacotherapy and surgical decompression. Both the approaches have been observed to have adverse physiological effects on SCI patients. Therefore, novel therapeutic targets for the management of SCI are urgently required for developing cell-based therapies. Multipotent stem cells, as a novel strategy for the treatment of tissue injury, may provide an effective therapeutic option against many neurological disorders. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or multipotent stromal cells can typically self-renew and generate various cell types. These cells are often isolated from bone marrow (BM-MSCs), adipose tissues (AD-MSCs), umbilical cord blood (UCB-MSCs), and placenta (PMSCs). MSCs have remarkable potential for the development of regenerative therapies in animal models and humans with SCI. Herein, we summarize the therapeutic potential of human MSCs in the treatment of SCI.

Download Full-text

Immunomodulatory and Regenerative Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Extracellular Vesicles: Therapeutic Outlook for Inflammatory and Degenerative Diseases

Frontiers in Immunology ◽

10.3389/fimmu.2020.591065 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sylwia Dabrowska ◽

Anna Andrzejewska ◽

Miroslaw Janowski ◽

Barbara Lukomska

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Extracellular Vesicles ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Tumor Formation ◽

Membrane Structures ◽

Multipotent Stem Cells ◽

Hematopoietic Stem ◽

Inflammatory Reactions ◽

Many Sources

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are non-hematopoietic, multipotent stem cells derived from mesoderm, which can be easily isolated from many sources such as bone marrow, umbilical cord or adipose tissue. MSCs provide support for hematopoietic stem cells and have an ability to differentiate into multiple cell lines. Moreover, they have proangiogenic, protective and immunomodulatory properties. MSCs have the capacity to modulate both innate and adaptive immune responses, which accompany many diseases, by inhibiting pro-inflammatory reactions and stimulating anti-inflammatory activity. Recent findings revealed that the positive effect of MSCs is at least partly associated with the production of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are small membrane structures, containing proteins, lipids and nuclei acids, which take part in intra-cellular communication. Many studies indicate that EVs contain protective and pro-regenerative properties and can modulate an immune response that is activated in various diseases such as CNS diseases, myocardial infarction, liver injury, lung diseases, ulcerative colitis or kidney injury. Thus, EVs have similar functions as their cells of origin and since they do not carry the risk of cell transplantation, such as tumor formation or small vessel blockage, they can be considered a potential therapeutic tool for cell-free therapy.

Download Full-text

Faculty Opinions recommendation of Microvesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells enhance survival in a lethal model of acute kidney injury.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.717959864.793463065 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Michael Mayr ◽

Patrizia Amico

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Acute Kidney Injury ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Kidney Injury

Download Full-text

The Use of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and their Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiovascular Disease Treatment

Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy ◽

10.2174/1574888x15666200501235201 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (7) ◽

pp. 623-638

Author(s):

Saeideh Gholamzadeh Khoei ◽

Fateme Karimi Dermani ◽

Sara Malih ◽

Nashmin Fayazi ◽

Mohsen Sheykhhasan

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Extracellular Vesicles ◽

Adult Stem Cells ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Therapeutic Option ◽

Current Treatment ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Cellular Source

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD), including disorders of cardiac muscle and vascular, is the major cause of death globally. Many unsuccessful attempts have been made to intervene in the disease's pathogenesis and treatment. Stem cell-based therapies, as a regeneration strategy, cast a new hope for CVD treatment. One of the most well-known stem cells is mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), classified as one of the adult stem cells and can be obtained from different tissues. These cells have superior properties, such as proliferation and highly specialized differentiation. On the other hand, they have the potential to modulate the immune system and anti-inflammatory activity. One of their most important features is the secreting the extracellular vesicles (EVs) like exosomes (EXOs) as an intercellular communication system mediating the different physiological and pathophysiological affairs. Methods: In this review study, the importance of MSC and its secretory exosomes for the treatment of heart disease has been together and specifically addressed and the use of these promising natural and accessible agents is predicted to replace the current treatment modalities even faster than we imagine. Results: MSC derived EXOs by providing a pro-regenerative condition allowing innate stem cells to repair damaged tissues successfully. As a result, MSCs are considered as the appropriate cellular source in regenerative medicine. In the plethora of experiments, MSCs and MSC-EXOs have been used for the treatment and regeneration of heart diseases and myocardial lesions. Conclusions: Administration of MSCs has been provided a replacement therapeutic option for heart regeneration, obtaining great attention among the basic researcher and the medical doctors.

Download Full-text

Exosomes from IL-1β-Primed Mesenchymal Stem Cells Inhibited IL-1β- and TNF-α-Mediated Inflammatory Responses in Osteoarthritic SW982 Cells

Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine ◽

10.1007/s13770-020-00324-x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mijin Kim ◽

Dong Il Shin ◽

Byung Hyune Choi ◽

Byoung-Hyun Min

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Tnf Α

Download Full-text

The Cross-Talk between Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Immune Cells in Tissue Repair and Regeneration

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22052472 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 2472

Author(s):

Carl Randall Harrell ◽

Valentin Djonov ◽

Vladislav Volarevic

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Tissue Repair ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Multipotent Stem Cells ◽

Tissue Repair And Regeneration ◽

Almost All ◽

And Function

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are self-renewable, rapidly proliferating, multipotent stem cells which reside in almost all post-natal tissues. MSCs possess potent immunoregulatory properties and, in juxtacrine and paracrine manner, modulate phenotype and function of all immune cells that participate in tissue repair and regeneration. Additionally, MSCs produce various pro-angiogenic factors and promote neo-vascularization in healing tissues, contributing to their enhanced repair and regeneration. In this review article, we summarized current knowledge about molecular mechanisms that regulate the crosstalk between MSCs and immune cells in tissue repair and regeneration.

Download Full-text

Galectin-1 secreted by bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells mediates anti-inflammatory responses in acute airway disease

Experimental Cell Research ◽

10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112788 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 112788

Author(s):

Xiahui Ge ◽

Kehua Shi ◽

Jia Hou ◽

Youhui Fu ◽

Hua Xiao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Airway Disease ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Download Full-text

Migration of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells is Stimulated by Low Shear Stress via MAPK Signaling

ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference, Parts A and B ◽

10.1115/sbc2012-80056 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Lin Yuan ◽

Naoya Sakamoto ◽

Guanbin Song ◽

Masaaki Sato

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Mapk Signaling ◽

Disease Treatment ◽

Differentiation Potential ◽

Multipotent Stem Cells ◽

Low Shear Stress ◽

Multipotent Differentiation ◽

And Migration

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent as multipotent stem cells which hold the abilities of self-renewal and give rise to cells of diverse lineages [1]. With their remarkable combination of multipotent differentiation potential and low immunogenicity, MSCs are considered to be an attractive candidate for cell-based tissue repair and regenerative tissue engineering [2, 3]. Increasing number of studies has demonstrated that mobilization and migration of injected MSCs to the damaged tissues is a key step for these cells to participate in disease treatment and tissue regeneration [4, 5].

Download Full-text

Comparison of the Proliferation and Differentiation Potential of Human Urine-, Placenta Decidua Basalis-, and Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells

Stem Cells International ◽

10.1155/2018/7131532 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Chengguang Wu ◽

Long Chen ◽

Yi-zhou Huang ◽

Yongcan Huang ◽

Ornella Parolini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Stem Cell Differentiation ◽

Cell Types ◽

Stem Cell Marker ◽

Differentiation Potential ◽

Multipotent Stem Cells ◽

Decidua Basalis

Human multipotent stem cell-based therapies have shown remarkable potential in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications due to their abilities of self-renewal and differentiation into multiple adult cell types under appropriate conditions. Presently, human multipotent stem cells can be isolated from different sources, but variation among their basic biology can result in suboptimal selection of seed cells in preclinical and clinical research. Thus, the goal of this study was to compare the biological characteristics of multipotent stem cells isolated from human bone marrow, placental decidua basalis, and urine, respectively. First, we found that urine-derived stem cells (USCs) displayed different morphologies compared with other stem cell types. USCs and placenta decidua basalis-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PDB-MSCs) had superior proliferation ability in contrast to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs); these cells grew to have the highest colony-forming unit (CFU) counts. In phenotypic analysis using flow cytometry, similarity among all stem cell marker expression was found, excluding CD29 and CD105. Regarding stem cell differentiation capability, USCs were observed to have better adipogenic and endothelial abilities as well as vascularization potential compared to BMSCs and PDB-MSCs. As for osteogenic and chondrogenic induction, BMSCs were superior to all three stem cell types. Future therapeutic indications and clinical applications of BMSCs, PDB-MSCs, and USCs should be based on their characteristics, such as growth kinetics and differentiation capabilities.

Download Full-text