scholarly journals Versatile Applications of Degradable Plastic

2021 ◽  
pp. 238-268
Author(s):  
A.A. Ananno
Keyword(s):  
Food Service ◽  
Biodegradable Plastics ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
Hydrocarbon Polymers ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Degradable Plastics ◽  
Plastic Industry ◽  
Agricultural Industries ◽  
Degradable Plastic

In the last 50 years, plastics has become a favorite industry for packaging materials for their ease of manufacture and excellent performance. The advancement of food, electronics, automobile, medical and agricultural industries has increased the demand for packaging and casing materials made of large hydrocarbon polymers. Since plastics show resistance to biodegradation, they pose considerable threats to the environment. Degradable plastics and biopolymers offer promising solutions to this problem. Degradable plastics can be easily absorbed in the environment while exhibiting the properties of conventional plastics. There are three types of biopolymers according to their source: biomass extracted polymers, synthesized from microorganisms and produced from bio-derived monomers. Biodegradable plastics are commonly used in one-off packaging such as crockery, food service containers and cutlery. Although biodegradable plastics can replace conventional plastics in a lot of applications, their performance and cost are sometimes problematic. This chapter analyses the growth of the degradable plastic industry and explores their potential applications.

scholarly journals Overview of the Degradable Plastic Market

2021 ◽  
pp. 179-192
Author(s):  
N. Akram
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
Recycling Industry ◽  
Business Market ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Degradable Plastics ◽  
Plastic Industry ◽  
Degradable Plastic

Degradable plastic manufacturing has emerged as an eminent industry due to multiple range of products it offers to the consumers. The diversity induced by the usage of biomaterials lures the customer, making it even more popular for consumption. Degradable plastic industry is a market of multifarious products. The backlash on the massive plastics consumption is expected to be eradicated in the wake of the large business market of degradable plastics in the coming years. The supremacy of the degradable plastic market is not easy to evade by any means. The degradable plastic market is not a solitary market; instead, it encompasses the production, consumption and recycling industry as well. In order to triumph the status of a flourished market a joint venture by the leading companies need to be in harmony. The circular economy of the world is indispensable without a degradable plastic market in future.

scholarly journals Assessing packaging-related knowledge on the basis of a quantitative study

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 3575-3583
Author(s):  
Edina Lendvai
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Packaging Material ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Main Function ◽  
College Graduate ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Degradable Plastics

Packaging technology is one of today’s rapidly evolving disciplines, with innovative implications for many other disciplines, such as the food industry. Plastics can also be referred to as the materials of the 21st century, without which we could hardly imagine our lives today. Bioplastics are made from raw materials from renewable sources, while degradable plastics are mixtures of plastics made from conventional raw materials and additives that aid degradation. In my qualitative, online study, 513 people answered my questions about what the main function of packaging is, what characteristics a packaging material should possess, foods in which packaging are preferred, whether they had ever encountered environmentally friendly packaging materials. In addition to a lot of useful information, it turned out that Hungarian people are typically eco-conscious on paper, but in reality they do not pay enough attention to it. It is primarily college graduate women between the ages of 46 and 65 who also take environmental and ecological considerations into account when buying food.

The Research of Spraying SiC/Cu Electronic Packaging Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 620-623
Author(s):  
Ming Hu ◽  
Jing Gao ◽  
Yun Long Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Electronic Packaging ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Flame Spraying ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
Chemical Plating

The SiC/Cu electronic packaging composites with excellent performance were successfully prepared by the chemical plating copper on the surface of SiC powders and high-speed flame spraying technology. The results showed that the homogeneous dense coated layers can be obtained on the surface of SiC powder by optimizing process parameters. The volume fraction of SiC powders in the composites could significantly increase and figure was beyond 55vol% after spraying Copper. The SiC and Cu were the main phases in the spraying SiC/Cu electronic packaging composite, at the same time Cu2O can be tested as the trace phase. The interface combination properties of SiC/Cu in the hot-pressed samples can obviously improve. The thermal expansion coefficient and thermal conductivity of SiC/Cu electronic packaging composite basic can satisfy the requirements for electronic packaging materials.

scholarly journals CONTROL OF COCOA POD BORER AND PHYTOPHTHORA POD ROT USING DEGRADABLE PLASTIC POD SLEEVES AND A NEMATODE, Steinernema carpocapsae

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ade Rosmana ◽  
Merle Shepard ◽  
Prakash Hebbar ◽  
Anita Mustari
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Phytophthora Palmivora ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Pod Borer ◽  
Degradable Plastics ◽  
Degradable Plastic

<p>Cocoa pod borer (CPB; <em>Conopomorpha cramerella</em>) and Phytophthora pod rot (PPR; <em>Phytophthora palmivora</em>) are serious pest and disease on cocoa plantations in Indonesia. Both pest and disease have been controlled with limited success using cultural practices such as pruning, frequent harvesting, sanitation, plastic sleeving, and chemical pesticides. An experiment was conducted on cocoa plantings in Pinrang Regency, South Sulawesi during the wet season of 2008/09 to test the effect of pod sleeving (with transparent degradable and non-degradable plastic bags) and nematode application on CPB and PPR infestation. The nematode, <em>Steinernema carpocapsae </em>(10,000 active juveniles per pod) was sprayed three times at intervals of 10 and 20 days. Pod damage by CPB was observed at harvest time, while PPR disease incidence was evaluated every week until harvest time. Results showed that all pods in the field were infested by CPB as indicated in control samples. Pod sleeving using both non-degradable and degradable plastics significantly reduced pod damage by CPB, from 62.3% in the control treatment compared to 8.4% in the CPB treatment. A combination of pod sleeving and nematode application had a synergistic reduction of pod damage by CPB resulting in totally healthy pods. Pod sleeving with degradable and non-degradable plastics also reduced pod damage by PPR significantly. Pod sleeving with non-degradable plastic suppressed the disease incidence almost zero until 6 weeks after sleeving and the rate of disease incidence was 3.6% per week. However, with degradable plastic, the disease suppression was even longer (7 weeks after sleeving), indicating that the degradable plastic is more effective. Combination of sleeving and nematode application slightly increased PPR infection. Sleeved pods in general had lower rates of PPR infection compared to pods treated with nematode or untreated pods (control). In these two applications, the rate of disease incidence was 7.8% and 8.3% per week respectively. The study implies that biological control using entomopathogenic <em>S. carpocapsae </em>and degradable plastic sleeves are effective and environmentally-friendly to control <em>C. cramerella </em>and <em>P. palmivora

scholarly journals CONTROL OF COCOA POD BORER AND PHYTOPHTHORA POD ROT USING DEGRADABLE PLASTIC POD SLEEVES AND A NEMATODE, Steinernema carpocapsae

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ade Rosmana ◽  
Merle Shepard ◽  
Prakash Hebbar ◽  
Anita Mustari
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Phytophthora Palmivora ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Pod Borer ◽  
Degradable Plastics ◽  
Degradable Plastic

<p>Cocoa pod borer (CPB; <em>Conopomorpha cramerella</em>) and Phytophthora pod rot (PPR; <em>Phytophthora palmivora</em>) are serious pest and disease on cocoa plantations in Indonesia. Both pest and disease have been controlled with limited success using cultural practices such as pruning, frequent harvesting, sanitation, plastic sleeving, and chemical pesticides. An experiment was conducted on cocoa plantings in Pinrang Regency, South Sulawesi during the wet season of 2008/09 to test the effect of pod sleeving (with transparent degradable and non-degradable plastic bags) and nematode application on CPB and PPR infestation. The nematode, <em>Steinernema carpocapsae </em>(10,000 active juveniles per pod) was sprayed three times at intervals of 10 and 20 days. Pod damage by CPB was observed at harvest time, while PPR disease incidence was evaluated every week until harvest time. Results showed that all pods in the field were infested by CPB as indicated in control samples. Pod sleeving using both non-degradable and degradable plastics significantly reduced pod damage by CPB, from 62.3% in the control treatment compared to 8.4% in the CPB treatment. A combination of pod sleeving and nematode application had a synergistic reduction of pod damage by CPB resulting in totally healthy pods. Pod sleeving with degradable and non-degradable plastics also reduced pod damage by PPR significantly. Pod sleeving with non-degradable plastic suppressed the disease incidence almost zero until 6 weeks after sleeving and the rate of disease incidence was 3.6% per week. However, with degradable plastic, the disease suppression was even longer (7 weeks after sleeving), indicating that the degradable plastic is more effective. Combination of sleeving and nematode application slightly increased PPR infection. Sleeved pods in general had lower rates of PPR infection compared to pods treated with nematode or untreated pods (control). In these two applications, the rate of disease incidence was 7.8% and 8.3% per week respectively. The study implies that biological control using entomopathogenic <em>S. carpocapsae </em>and degradable plastic sleeves are effective and environmentally-friendly to control <em>C. cramerella </em>and <em>P. palmivora

The Potential Applications of W- and Mo-Doped VO2 Nanobelts to the Functional Packaging Materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 220-225
Author(s):  
Yi Fu Zhang ◽  
Mei Juan Fan ◽  
Chi Huang ◽  
Xing Hai Liu ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Optical Switching ◽  
Variable Temperature ◽  
Optical Transmittance ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Facile Hydrothermal Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Ft Ir

The first–order metal–sinsulator phase transition in VO2 is characterized by an ultrafast several orders of magnitude change in optical transmittance and electrical conductivity, which makes VO2 an attractive candidate for the potential application in thermochromic coatings and functional packaging materials. Herein, W– and Mo–doped VO2 nanobelts were successfully synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. The as–obtained products were characterized by X–ray powder diffraction (XRD), X–ray photoelecton spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT–IR). The results revealed that W or Mo atoms were successfully doped into the crystal lattice of VO2 matrix. It was found that the phase transition temperature of doped VO2 could be simply tuned by changing the doping concentration of W or Mo atoms. Furthermore, the variable–temperature infrared spectra disclosed that the doped VO2(M) had novel optical switching properties, indicating that the as–obtained products can be used as the intelligent packaging materials.

scholarly journals Internet of Things and Machine Learning Applications for Smart Precision Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sivakumar ◽  
B. Prabadevi ◽  
G. Velvizhi ◽  
S. Muthuraja ◽  
S. Kathiravan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Machine Learning Applications ◽  
Agricultural Industries ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Agriculture forms the major part of our Indian economy. In the current world, agriculture and irrigation are the essential and foremost sectors. It is a mandatory need to apply information and communication technology in our agricultural industries to aid agriculturalists and farmers to improve vice all stages of crop cultivation and post-harvest. It helps to enhance the country’s G.D.P. Agriculture needs to be assisted by modern automation to produce the maximum yield. The recent development in technology has a significant impact on agriculture. The evolutions of Machine Learning (ML) and the Internet of Things (IoT) have supported researchers to implement this automation in agriculture to support farmers. ML allows farmers to improve yield make use of effective land utilisation, the fruitfulness of the soil, level of water, mineral insufficiencies control pest, trim development and horticulture. Application of remote sensors like temperature, humidity, soil moisture, water level sensors and pH value will provide an idea to on active farming, which will show accuracy as well as practical agriculture to deal with challenges in the field. This advancement could empower agricultural management systems to handle farm data in an orchestrated manner and increase the agribusiness by formulating effective strategies. This paper highlights contribute to an overview of the modern technologies deployed to agriculture and suggests an outline of the current and potential applications, and discusses the challenges and possible solutions and implementations. Besides, it elucidates the problems, specific potential solutions, and future directions for the agriculture sector using Machine Learning and the Internet of things.

scholarly journals Microplastics in the Food Chain

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1349
Author(s):  
Klára Cverenkárová ◽  
Martina Valachovičová ◽  
Tomáš Mackul’ak ◽  
Lukáš Žemlička ◽  
Lucia Bírošová
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Animal Life ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Plastic Industry ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Food Commodities

Currently, microplastics represent a widespread contamination found in almost every part of the environment. The plastic industry has generated waste since the 1950s, which unfortunately now counts in the millions. The largest share of plastic consumption is used to produce packaging materials, including those applied in the food industry. The versatility of plastic materials is mainly due to their lightness, flexibility, strength, and persistence. Although plastic materials are widely used due to their beneficial properties, contamination of the environment with microplastics and nanoplastics is an emerging problem worldwide. This type of contamination is endangering animal life and thus also the food chain and public health. This review summarizes the knowledge about microplastics in the food chain. The effect of microplastics on the food chain has been particularly studied in marine organisms, and research deals less with other food commodities. Therefore, based on the studied literature, we can conclude that the issue is still not sufficiently examined, and should be paid more attention to maintain the health of the population.

scholarly journals Degradable Plastic Recycling

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-94
Author(s):  
N. Akram
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
The Public ◽  
Plastic Recycling ◽  
The World ◽  
Plastic Industry ◽  
Public Demand ◽  
Degradable Plastic

The public demand of plastics for food, drinks, consumable and packaging is increasing enormously all over the world. Due to limited available plastic resources, it is challenging to meet the stipulation of the massive population. The contribution of the synthetic plastic industry is encouraging to cope with these challenges. However, it is not only restricted towards production, but the degradation of its waste is also equally arduous and even more complicated to a large extent. A useful solution to this problem is recycling instead of degradation. In order to optimize the utility of recycling, various techniques are in progress. Plastic recycling is an acceptable technique to keep the economy in circulation. Moreover, it is an effective way to reduce the environmental pollution and to promote green environment.

Effect of Colorant Additive and Thickness on Tensile Properties of Oxo-Biodegradable PE Plastic Bags in Alkaline Solution

2016 ◽  
Vol 705 ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Giselle Lou D. Leuterio ◽  
Bryan B. Pajarito
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
Biodegradable Plastics ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
End Use

Polyethylene (PE) is widely used as packaging materials in the form of plastic bags. After end-use, some of these plastic bags are not properly disposed and may persist in different kinds of environment. Oxo-biodegradable plastics are PE films incorporated with pro-oxidants to promote degradation. As part of the continuing study, changes on the tensile properties of oxo-biodegradable PE plastic bags immersed in alkaline solution at 60 °C are investigated. The effects of colorant additive (varied at two levels) and thickness (varied at three levels) on tensile properties of PE films are reported. Specifically, the tensile strength [MPa], strain at break [%], and elastic modulus [MPa] are monitored with time. It is observed that films undergo degradation which is exhibited by a decrease in all tensile properties after 1008 hours of immersion in alkaline solution. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows that the initial tensile strength and elastic modulus, as well as the strain at break and elastic modulus after 1008 hours of immersion, are all affected by colorant additive.

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