scholarly journals Assessment of Cadmium Toxicity in Drinking Water of Eight Talukas of Upper Sindh

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-306
Author(s):  
Noorul Hassan Shar ◽  
Ghulam Qadir Shar
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Cadmium Toxicity ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Drinking Purposes ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Mean Concentration

In the present study, 240 groundwater samples were collected from eight Talukas of upper Sindh. The cadmium (Cd) content was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Concentration (µg/L), Daily Intake ofMetals (DIM),Health Risk Indexes (HRI) for children and adults caused due to Cd were measured through equations of EPA and WHO. Mean concentration of Cd in different Talukas of upper Sindh was found as; Daharki (6.20 µg/L), Ubauro (7.73 µg/L), Kashmore (7.53 µg/L), Tangwani (7.73 µg/L), Garhi Khairo (6.20 µg/L), Thul (5.00 µg/L), Qambar (7.674 µg/L) and Miro Khan (7.47 µg/L). Moreover, percent contamination of each Taluka was found as, Daharki (80%), Ubauro (93%), Kashmore (93%), Tangwani (93%), Gharhi Khairo (70%), Thul (56%), Qambar (93%) and Miro Khan (93%). The DIM of Cd for adult and children was calculated the range for adults was found as; Daharki (0.00006 - 0.00036), Ubauro (0.00006 - 0.00042), Kashmore (0.00006 - 0.00036), Tangwani (0.00006 - 0.00042), Garhi Khairo (0.00003 - 0.00056), Thul (0.00003 - 0.00056), Qambar (0.00008 - 0.00039) and Miro Khan (0.00008 - 0.00039) mg/kg-d, whereas, for children DIM of Cd was found lower than adults. The HRI values show that children compared to adults are under the potential risk threat due to HRI values > 1. Therefore, it can be suggested that groundwater found in above stated areas is unsafe for drinking purposes and must be treated before consumption.

scholarly journals ESTMAITION OF HEAVY METALS IN THE GROUNDWATER OF SELECTED AREAS FROM AL-DHALIA DISTRICT, AL-DHALIA GOV., YEMEN

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-158
Author(s):  
Shaif Mohamed Kasem Saleh ◽  
Mohamed Muthana Taher ◽  
Bassem O. Ali Saif
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Who Standards ◽  
Dug Wells ◽  
Artesian Wells

In this research, the level of heavy metals Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn) in groundwater in selected areas in the region of Al-Dhalia district, Al-Dhalia Governorate, Yemen.  Sixteen groundwater samples were collected from the study area included 9 artesian wells samples and 7 of hand-dug wells, and analyzed for the presence of heavy metals using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results of the analysis showed that the concentrations of Pb, Mn and Cu in most of the studied samples have exceeded the Yemeni and WHO standards for drinking water, while the concentrations of Fe, Cd, Cr and Zn in most of the studied samples were low and fall within the optimum specifications for local and WHO drinking water.

scholarly journals The concentration and health risk of potentially toxic elements in black and green tea—both bagged and loose-leaf

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-150
Author(s):  
Ali Heshmati ◽  
Freshteh Mehri ◽  
Javad Karami-Momtaz ◽  
Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Target Hazard Quotient ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

The concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu), among 160 samples of black and green tea—both bagged and loose-leaf—in Iran was determined using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer (GF-AAS). Besides, the transfer rate of PTEs from made tea into tea infusion was investigated, and the related health risk for consumers was assessed. According to the results, the content of the PTEs is dependent on the type of tea (black or green), the place of cultivation (Iran or India), and the supplied form (both bagged and loose-leaf). The concentration of Pb, Cd, and As in green tea was significantly lower than black tea (P-value < 0.05). On the other hand, the contents of Zn and Cu in green tea were higher than the corresponding values for black tea. The mean concentration of Pb, As, and Zn in bagged tea samples was significantly higher than those of loose-leaf tea, while the Cd and As levels in Iranian tea samples were significantly lower than the Indian samples. Generally speaking, the mean concentration of Pb, Cd, As, Zn, and Cu were 0.59 ± 0.12, 0.12 ± 0.06, 0.16 ± 0.12, 14.23 ± 4.90, and 11.10 ± 2.49 mg kg?1, respectively. The mean transfer rates of Pb, Cd, As, Zn, and Cu were 7.78, 6.29, 9.27, 12.91, and 13.08%, respectively. The estimated daily intake (EDI) and noncarcinogenic quotient (target hazard quotient [THQ]) due to the ingestion of PTEs besides the carcinogenic risk of As and Cd were considered as acceptable.

scholarly journals Health Risk Assessment for Carcinogenic and Non Carcinogenic Heavy Metal Exposure from Hibiscus Leaf Cultivated in Katsina State, North West Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
A. I. Yaradua ◽  
A. J. Alhassan ◽  
A. Nasir ◽  
K. I. Matazu ◽  
A. Usman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Target Hazard Quotient ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
Mean Concentration

This study was conducted to determine the heavy metals concentration in Hibiscus leaves cultivated in Katsina State Nigeria. The objectives were mainly to detect the presence of heavy metals in the cultivated Hibiscus leaves in the study area, compare the concentration of heavy metals in samples in relation to the permissible limits specified by WHO/FAO/USEPA Standards. Samples of cultivated Hibiscus leaves were collected in the year 2017 from the selected area.  Analysis for the concentration of these heavy metals; Cr, Cd, Fe, Ni, Mn, Pb and Zn was conducted by the use of AAS (by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry) method. The health risks to the local inhabitants from the consumption of the samples were evaluated based on the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ). The possibility of cancer risks for the adult and children population through intake of carcinogenic heavy metals in the samples was estimated using the Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR). Results from this study shows that with the exception of Pb with mean concentration of (0.508-0.978), the mean concentration (mg/kg) range values of Cr (0.135-0.261), Cd (0.042-0.051), Fe (0.684-0.978) and Zn (1.048-1.208) in the samples were generally lower than the USEPA, WHO/FAO maximum permissive limits. The results have indicated that the estimated daily intake (EDI) of the heavy metals were lower than the tolerable daily intake limit set by the USEPA in both samples and the health risk index (HRI) for all the heavy metals were <1. The target hazard quotient (THQ) for the samples for both the adult and children population was in the decreasing order of Zn>Pb>Fe>Cr>Cd. ILCR for Cd is below the threshold risk limit (>10−5) and ILCR for Pb reached the moderate risk limit (>10−3) in all the studied samples in adults, While in children ILCR for both Pb and Cd in samples from Dabai, Daura, Funtua, Matazu and Zango for all samples have reached the moderate risk limit (>10−3), while the ILCR for Pb in samples from Birchi, Dutsinma, Kafur, Katsina and Malunfashi were beyond the moderate risk level (>10−2). The sampling area trend of risk for developing cancer as a result of consuming the studied samples showed: Funtua > Daura > Dutsinma > Katsina > Malunfashi > Matazu > Zango > Ingawa > Kafur > Dabai > Birchi for both adult and children, cumulative cancer risk (∑ILCR) of all the studied Hibiscus samples have reached the moderate risk limit (>10−3) in adult. While in children with the exception of the sample from Birchi, Dabai and Kafur which are within the moderate cancer risk (>10−3) limit, all other samples were beyond the moderate cancer risk (>10−2) limit. The study suggests that consumption of the studied samples in Katsina state is of public health concern as they may contribute to the population cancer burden. 

scholarly journals Levels of some chemical species in water of boreholes situated near dumpsites in Rumuolumeni, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-211
Author(s):  
Nwoke IB ◽  
Edori ES
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Government ◽  
Rivers State

The concentration of six chemical species Pb, Cd, As, nitrates, fluorides and sulphates in the groundwater (borehole) samples were investigated in four boreholes sited close to a dumpsite in Rumuolumeni, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Nitrates, fluorides and sulphates were analyzed using standard conventional methods while the heavy metals were determined and analyzed with Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The mean values obtained for the different chemical species within the months of investigation for the stations were in the range: lead; 0.012±0.001-0.015±0.000mg/L, with an average of 0.013±0.001mg/L within the months, Cd; 0.004±0.002-0.005±0.001mg/L, with an average of 0.005±0.001mg/L within the months, As; 0.002±0.001-0.003±0.002mg/L, with an average of 0.003±0.001mg/L within the months, nitrates; 0.413±0.172-0.730±0.691mg/L, with an average of 0.511±0.139mg/L within the months, fluorides; 0.004±0.001-0.006±0.001mg/L, with an average of 0.005±0.001mg/L within the months and sulphates; 0.197±0.046-0.338±0.072mg/L, with an average of 0.290±0.055mg/L within the months. These values obtained for the different chemical species showed that the boreholes sited near the dumpsite were still at the level that will not pose any health risk to the user, for their concentrations were still within limits allowed by WHO and USEPA. Even though the government and its agencies should regulate the mode of dumping of refuse and also the siting of boreholes so that the groundwater will not be polluted.

scholarly journals Determination of Arsenic (As) and Iron (Fe) Concentration in Ground Water and Associated Health Risk by Arsenic Contamination in Singair Upazila, Manikganj District, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-41
Author(s):  
Atkeeya Tasneem ◽  
Tanvir Ahmed ◽  
Md. Khabir Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Standard Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tube Well ◽  
Mean Concentration

Contamination of drinking water by Arsenic (As) & Iron (Fe) is nowadays appeared as a big concern for public health and environment as well. Immoderate and continued revelation of inorganic arsenic along with drinking water is triggering arsenicosis. High Fe and As concentration found in the study area is also appeared as very challenging to those people who are consuming the water on regular basis and they may confront to a high health risk. This study is conducted to determine the concentration of Fe and As in ground tube-well containing possible health risk in Bangladesh which examines the ground water As and Fe scenario of Singair Upazila, Manikganj district. Total 40 samples were collected from the study area. As and Fe were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The study found As concentration ranged from 0.0011 to 0.0858 mg/L with the mean concentration as 0.04186 mg/L. Concentration of Fe was found 0.175 to 13.865 mg/L with the mean concentration as 3.600 mg/L whereas WHO standard level is 0.01 mg/L for As and 0.3 mg/l for Fe. It was also noticed that As and Fe concentration in shallow tube-well was relatively high than that in deep tube-well and a strong correlation between As and Fe was marked in the ground water. Therefore, to cope with this challenge, people should look for other sources or relocate the tube-well or treat the water for drinking and other everyday purposes.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals (Cd, Pb, and Zn) Residue in Selected Tissue and Organs of Slaughtered Goat-Meat randomly selected from Markets in Ayegbaju-Ekiti, Akure, and Owena

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1896-1903
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Goat Meat ◽  
Health Implications ◽  
Permissible Limits ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

This study investigated Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), and Zinc (Zn) content of some selected organs (liver, kidney, heart, and intestine) and tissue (blood) of slaughtered goats randomly sampled from central markets in Ayegbaju-Ekiti, Akure and Owena, South-western Nigeria. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) was used to determine the level of heavy metals based on comparison with standards. The mean concentrations obtained Zn were detected in all samples investigated, but Cd was undetected in some samples, especially the liver and blood of goat from Owena. The general trend in the mean concentration of metals was Zn>Pb>Cd, in tissue and organs was kidney > liver > intestine > heart > blood, and in-market, with respect to metals, was Akure > Ayegbaju-Ekiti=Owena for Cd, Ayegbaju-Ekiti > Akure > Owena for Pb and Owena > Akure > Ayegbaju-Ekiti for Zn. All the metals in some samples of goat, especially Cd in the kidney (2.50±2.18) from Akure, Pb in the kidney (19.00±9.17 mg/kg) from Ayegbaju-Ekiti and intestine (15.00±17.35 mg/kg) from Akure as well as Zn in the heart (71.50±95.90 mg/kg) from Ayegbaju-Ekiti, had a mean concentration in excess of the permissible limits set by FAO/WHO. Some of the tissue and organs of goats sampled from the studied area were therefore polluted with all the metals investigated, and their consumption may have health implications.

scholarly journals Risk Assessment of Poisonous Metals in Water and Soil at Two Abandoned Lead-Zinc Mines at Yonov, Benue State

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Samuel N. Paul ◽  
Bolaji B. Babatunde
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Mean Concentration

Aim: The study was aimed at determining the risk assessment of toxic metal concentration in soil and water at two abandoned Lead-Zinc mines Yonov District, Logo, Benue State, Nigeria. Study design:  comparative cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study: This study was carried out at the Bruce Powel Toxicology & Biodiversity Laboratory, Animal and Environmental Biology Department, University of Port Harcourt, Analysis at Giolee Global Services Limited Port Harcourt, Nigeria from 16th July to 30th October 2019. Methodology: Eighteen composite water and soil samples were collected and analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Results: The mean concentration of Lead (Pb) was higher than that of Zinc (Zn) in all eighteen samples, while, Mercury (Hg) and Cadmium (Cd) were below detection limit in all samples. Mean concentration for Pb in soil samples in the order SiteII>Site I (1.29±0.134 mg/kg>1.26±0.04mg/kg) >control 0.82±0.06 mg/kg. Zn was higher in site I, 0.70±0.10 mg/kg than site II 0.66±0.04mg/kg, and control 0.42±0.02mg/kg. Pb values in water was similar in both sites at 0.46±0.04/0.02 mg/L, while control 0.02±0.001mg/kg. Zn was higher in site II 0.05±0.01mg/L than site I 0.04±0.01Mg/L, control was 0.004±0.00 mg/L. Health risk assessment showed that Estimated daily intake of metals, hazard quotient, hazard index were all less than 1, Carcinogenic risk was within the stipulated ranged of 10-6 to 10-4. Conclusion: Ecological and health risk indices revealed non-contamination by Poisonous metals, however, routine assessment is recommended to forestall any sudden change in the concentration that may result to deleterious effects on human health.

scholarly journals Health Risk Assessment of Different Heavy Metals Dissolved in Drinking Water

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajjad Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Habib-Ur-Rehman ◽  
Tasawar Khanam ◽  
Abbas Sheer ◽  
Zhang Kebin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Risk Index ◽  
Permissible Limits

Water pollution is a major threat to public health worldwide. The health risks of ingesting trace elements in drinking water were assessed in the provinces of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Eight trace elements were measured in drinking water, using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), and compared with permissible limits established by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (Pak EPA). In addition, health risk indicators such as the chronic daily intake (CDI) and the health risk index (HRI) were calculated. Our results showed that the concentrations of chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and manganese (Mn) were 2593, 1306, and 695 ng/g, respectively, in Lahore and Jhang, while the concentrations of arsenic (As) in Lahore, Vehari, Multan, and Jhang were 51, 50.4, 24, and 22 ng/g, respectively, which were higher than the permissible limits suggested by the WHO. The values of CDI were found to be in the order of Cr > Ni > Mn > Cu > As > Pb > Co > Cd. Similarly, the health risk index (HRI) values exceeded the safe limits (>1) in many cities (eg, Cr and Ni in Lahore and As in Vehari, Jhang, Lahore, and Multan). The aforementioned analysis shows that consumption of trace element-contaminated water poses an emerging health danger to the populations of these localities. Furthermore, inter-metal correlation and principal component analysis (PCA) showed that both anthropogenic and geologic activities were primary sources of drinking water contamination in the investigated areas.

scholarly journals Arsenic in rice and rice straw

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Chakma ◽  
M M Rahman ◽  
P Islam ◽  
M A Awal ◽  
U K Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Flow Injection ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentration ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Aas Method

Arsenic from groundwater affects people in Bangladesh via seed grains and forages. Samples of rice (Oryza sativa L) and rice straw were collected from arsenic-contaminated areas and arsenic concentration was measured using Flow Injection Hidride Generator Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (FI-HG-AAS) method. The concentrations in rice and rice straw were 0.235 ± 0.014 ppm (n = 48) and 1.149 ± 0.119 ppm (n = 51), respectively. Both were greater than the maximum permissible concentration in drinking water (0.05 ppm; WHO). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bvet.v29i1.11883 Bangl. vet. 2012. Vol. 29, No. 1, 1-6 

scholarly journals Spatial Assessment of Groundwater Quality and Health Risk of Nitrogen Pollution for Shallow Groundwater Aquifer around Fuyang City, China

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3341
Author(s):  
Nigus Kebede Wegahita ◽  
Lei Ma ◽  
Jiankui Liu ◽  
Tingwei Huang ◽  
Qiankun Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nitrogen Pollution ◽  
Industrial Activities ◽  
Groundwater Aquifer ◽  
Groundwater Samples

Prolonged exposure to intensive and extensive agricultural and industrial activities is leading to an increased deterioration of groundwater quality, especially nitrogen pollution in shallow groundwater aquifers. This study was carried out using the fuzzy comprehensive method to assess the overall groundwater quality, and the noncarcinogenic risks were estimated using the human health risk assessment method recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) via drinking water intake pathways around Fuyang City, China. A total of 34 samples were collected from shallow groundwater private wells, and 16 parameters were analyzed for each groundwater sample. The evaluation results of groundwater quality show 14.7% of groundwater samples classified as poor and very poor quality, and NO3-N, TH, TDS, Fe3+, and Mn are of high potential to affect the quality of potable drinking water. These are mainly derived from anthropogenic pollutants, predominantly due to uncontrolled agricultural and industrial activities, as well as some natural processes. The noncarcinogenic risk of nitrate indicates that 8.82% of groundwater samples surpass the permissible limit recommended by the USEPA for both adults and children. This study may provide the local authority with insights into making scientific decisions for exploiting groundwater in a sustainable manner so as to protect public health.

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