Evaluation of anti-arthritic potential of Leonotis nepetifolia (L.)R.Br. against Freund’s adjuvant induced arthritis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reshmi Pushpan ◽  
Nishteswar Karra ◽  
Mukesh B. Nariya ◽  
Ashok V. K.
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Test Drug ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weak Activity

Background: Leonotis nepetifolia (L.)R.Br. (LN) belonging to Lamiaceae family is a tall erect annual weed native to Southern India and tropical Africa used by tribals and folklore traditions in India for cough, fever, stomach ache, skin ailments, kidney diseases, rheumatism and dysmenorrhoea. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the anti-arthritic activity of the traditional dosage form( decoction) as used by the tribals in comparison to a modified dosage form(dry aqueous extract ) of whole plant of LN in experimental animal models. Materials and Methods: Thirty wistar strain albino rats were selected and randomly divided into five groups. Arthritis was induced by Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA) and then treated with either the decoction of whole plant of LN or the dry aqueous extract for 30 days.The various parameters like paw volume, ponderal changes, serum biochemical parameters and histopathological changes were assessed. The data was analyzed by employing one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnet’s multiple‘t’ test for unpaired data to determine significant difference between groups at P>0.05. Results: In the present study it was observed that dry aqueous extract form of the test drug is having weak activity against primary oedema whereas decoction form did not show any effect on primary oedema. Both forms of test drug have comparable values as standard drug on 25th day in secondary oedema. Conclusion: The findings suggest the beneficial effect of the drug against chronic inflammation and inhibition of periarthritis and osteogenic activity.

scholarly journals Antinociceptive effect of Pleurotus ostreatus (Oyster Mushroom) Aqueous Extracts in Rattus norvegicus (Albino Rats)

1970 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 483-487
Author(s):  
LF Zitte ◽  
RS Konya
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Oyster Mushroom ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Thermal Stimulus ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Nociceptive Responses

Antinociceptive is reducing sensitivity to painful stimuli for the individual. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive potentials of graded doses of Pleurotus ostreatus (Oyster Mushroom) aqueous extract in Rattus norvegicus (Albino Rats) and its chemical pattern by comparing it with a standard drug and a control using the hot water based flick tail test. Thirty five adult rats of both sexes were used for the experiment which, were divided into five groups of seven rats per group. Group one was used as the control (with 1ml normal saline), while groups two, three and four were treated with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of Pleurotus ostreatus aqueous extracts and group five treated with 15 mg/kg Aspirin (a standard drug) as positive control. Hot water at 550C was used to determine the nociceptive responses of the animals to detect anti-nociceptive effects of Pleurotus ostreatus extracts as compared to the control in hot water inflicted pain. The results suggested that Pleurotus ostreatus aqueous extract exhibits antinociceptive properties against thermal stimulus at 550C. The diversity of individual animals’ pain tolerance threshold when immersed in hot water was also observed during the experiment. However, the extract indicated a high degree of anti-nociceptive effect at 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes post treatment period, with a progressively longer threshold time for pain sensitivity. It was also found that at 90 minute period, the control portrayed a relatively short response time.KEY WORDS: Anti-nociceptive, threshold pain, Pleurotus ostreatus, hot water test flick tail.

scholarly journals Evaluation of hepatoprotective potential of aqueous extract of Withania somnifera in albino rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Monica Sharma ◽  
Anand Gaur ◽  
Pinki Vishwakarma ◽  
Raj Kumar Goel ◽  
K. K. Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Withania Somnifera ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Hepatic Diseases ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Herbal Plant ◽  
Biochemical Examination

Background: Hepatic diseases are a major cause of morbidity and disability of work force throughout the world. The treatment of hepatic diseases with standard drugs poses the risk of toxicity on various organ systems. Withania somnifera, a herbal plant has been claimed to be effective in the treatment of various types of hepatic conditions. The present study was undertaken to explore the hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of Withania somnifera (AEWS) in experimentally induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats.Methods: The study was commenced after obtaining approval from institutional animal ethical committee using AEWS leaves in Albino wistar rats (150-200 gm) of either sex. The hepatoprotective activity was evaluated using biochemical examination. The animals were divided into five groups of six animals each. In each experiment, first group was given normal saline (1 ml/kg/day), second group was injected with toxin CCl4 (1 ml/kg) i.p only once to produce hepatotoxicity, third and fourth groups were given Withania somnifera orally (500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg) (respectively), as a single dose per orally every morning and fifthgroup was given standard drug Liv-52 (1 mg/kg).Results: Aqueous extract of Withania somnifera leaves in oral dose exhibited significant hepatoprotective effect in all models used in this study.Conclusions: It can be concluded from our study that aqueous extract of Withania somnifera leaves possesses hepatoprotective activity.

scholarly journals Comperative phyto toxicological and anti inflammatory effects of leaves extracts of holoptelea integrifolia

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-217
Author(s):  
Hina Yasin ◽  
Shaukat Khalid ◽  
Hina Abrar ◽  
Ghazala H Rizwani ◽  
Rehana Perveen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Etoac Extract ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Objective: Plants play valuable role in the new drug discovery and significantly used to treat different diseases. Nowadays scientists are investigating the therapeutically active phytochemical constituents that are safe and producing lesser side effect in comparative to other standard drugs.Methods: The plant Holoptelea integrifolia is medicinally important and this study was carried out to evaluate the anti inflammatory activity of aqueous extract of the leaves of Holoptelea integrifolia in male albino rats wistar stain treated with acetic acid to induced paw edema.Results: Result indicated the significant anti-inflammatory activity while compared with standard drug (diclofenac sodium).Brine shrimp bioassay (cytotoxicity), phytotoxicity, insecticidal and enzyme inhibition activity was performed in different extracts of the leaves of H. integrifolia. Results of brime shrimp bioassay indicating positive lethality at high dose in BuOH and H2O only. While the results of phytotoxicity in all crude extracts displayed mild phytotoxicity(46.3 µg/ml) in high concentrations (1000 µg/ml) except H2O extract showed no phytotoxicity. Result of insecticidal activity revealed that BuOH extract were found more effective against Rhyzoperthadominica, the EtOH extract expressed major while EtOAC extract showed mild activity against Callosobruchusanalis. Aqueous extract possessed no insecticidal activity.Conclusion: Results of Urease inhibition activity suggested that EtOAC and BuOH extracts of this plant expressed no activity while EtOH and H2O possessed mild inhibiting activity.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(2) 2018 p.212-217

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF EFFECT OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF PORTULACA OLERACEA LINN. LEAVES IN ACUTE INFLAMMATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
M. Medhabati ◽  
L. Babycha ◽  
L. Tarinita ◽  
Bikram Tewari ◽  
Saumya Kanti Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Acute Inflammation ◽  
Portulaca Oleracea ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Paw Oedema ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Action

In the present study, the anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extract of Portulaca oleracea (POE 200, 400 and 600mg/kg) was studied using carrageenan induced paw oedema in albino rats. The mean increase in paw volume was recorded. POE produced significant (p<,0.01) anti-inflammatory activity when compared to the control. The anti-inflammatory action of POEcan be attributed to its flavonoid contents which are known to act through inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis. However, the test drug at maximum dose (600mg/kg) was found to be less effective than the standard drug, aspirin (100mg/Kg).

scholarly journals Screening of anticonvulsant effect of carvedilol on electrically induced convulsions in Wistar albino rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1803
Author(s):  
Biacin Babu ◽  
Madhavrao Chavan
Keyword(s):  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Test Drug ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Background: Epilepsy is one of the major central nervous system disorders. The parent study aimed to screen the anticonvulsant effect of carvedilol on electrically induced convulsions in Wistar albino rats.Methods: This study was done in Wistar albino rats. A total of 30 rats were divided into 6 groups each of six rats. group-I (0.9% normal saline), group-II diphenylhydantoin (10 mg/kg/BW/ip), group-III carvedilol (1mg/kg/BW/PO), group-IV carvedilol (2 mg/kg/BW/PO) and group-V carvedilol (4 mg/kg/BW/PO). All the groups were administered drugs and subjected to electric shock. Scores of seizures and percentage of protection were recorded to compare between the groups. One was ANOVA (post hoc) followed by Dunnet t test applied to find the statistically significant between the groups.Results: Group-I showed significant difference compared to other groups. Group-II showed significant difference with group-III and IV not with V. High dose of test drug and standard drug showed similar results in percentage of seizures prevention. Control and low doses of test drugs showed significant difference compared to standard and high dose of test drug in seizures prevention.Conclusions: High of carvedilol showed significant seizures prevention compared to low doses and control group.

Toxicological and Antimicrobial Evaluations of Formulated Ointment from Eskwater (Mikania cordata Asteraceae) Leaf Extract against Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

10.17158/334 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Judee N. Nogodula ◽  
Lady Ron M. Ducut ◽  
Jelah Mae F. Edorot ◽  
Aizovelle T. Egagamao
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Significant Difference

<p>Eskwater (Mikania cordata) is a medicinal plant in treating wounds by B’laan tribe. It is a useful treatment in the emerging cases of difficult-totreat infections caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. To validate such claims, this study was conducted to assess the toxicological and antimicrobial properties of eskwater leaf extract through the acute dermal toxicity, antibacterial activity, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), potency test with the standard drug and mutagenicity assay. Toxicity level was attained using female albino rats with the dose of 1000 mg/kg (Sighting study) while 1000 and 2000 mg/kg for Main study. Kirby-Bauer Method was employed for antibacterial activity using Vancomycin and Terbinafine as positive controls. MIC was determined in two-fold serial dilution and Ames test was employed for mutagenic assay using Salmonella typhimurium TA98. Hydrophilic base with low, medium and high doses were incorporated, respectively for ointment formulation. Results showed that eskwater extract was not toxic based from OECD 404 guideline and had partially active action against MRSA ATCC 43300 (13.66 ± 0.5778) and showed no inhibition in fungal growth. MIC was effective at 0.05 g/ml against MRSA only. It exhibited comparable potency with Vancomycin at the concentration of 0.32 mg and lastly, no noticeable mutagenic property was established. One-Way ANOVA and Post Hoc Tukey’s multiple comparison tests were employed in the efficacy of ointment. A significant difference resulted among the formulated ointment and positive control indicating that the three doses of formulated ointment and positive control have different potential to induce inhibition on the growth of MRSA. Ointment evaluated on its physical characteristics appeared greenish brown, has pH 6, good spreadability and washes out easily.</p>

scholarly journals Antipyretic effect of a polyherbal ayurvedic formulation: A randomized controlled clinical study

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-333
Author(s):  
Amit K Taraphdar ◽  
◽  
Arup Mukherjee ◽  
Mradu Gupta ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Test Drug ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Antipyretic Effect ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Associated Symptoms ◽  
Controlled Clinical Study

The ancient ayurvedic text Aṣṭāṅgahṛdaya of Vāgbhaṭa (7th Century A.D.) prescribes a specific formulation of four plants having antipyretic properties with minimal side-effects. This polyherbal ayurvedic formulation contains whole plant of Solanum surratense, rhizomes of Zingiber officinale, stem of Tinospora cordifolia and fruits with bracts of Piper longum, exhibited significant antipyretic-analgesic properties during rodent experiments without any toxicity may be due to flavonoidic phenolic compounds in it. Present randomized controlled clinical study in sixty eight patients was conducted with this polyherbal ayurvedic formulation using aspirin as standard drug for comparison. The primary outcome measured was reduction in body temperature, while the secondary outcomes measured were assessment of associated symptoms of fever and routine haematological parameters. A representative sample of patients was also studied for reduction in the level of prostaglandin (PGE2). The clinical study showed that fever was rapidly and substantially reduced after oral administration of the test drug and this antipyretic effect was significant (p<0.01) when compared to placebo and more sustained in comparison to aspirin. Many associated symptoms of fever also exhibited significant reductions with this test drug. Prostaglandin levels also registered a substantial decrease during treatment with this polyherbal ayurvedic formulation

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antioxidant activities of Aqueous extract from Bryophyllum pinnatum on Carbon tetrachloride-induced albino rat tissues

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Yemisi Rufina ALLI SMITH ◽  
Bukola Tola ALUKO ◽  
Olutunmise Victoria OWOLABI
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Oxidative Injury ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Bryophyllum Pinnatum

Oxidative injury or cellular damage arising from free radicals or reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many human diseases. These ROS are generated through normal metabolism of drugs, environmental chemicals and other xenobiotics as well as endogenous chemicals. Accumulated evidence suggests that ROS can be scavenged through chemoprevention utilizing natural antioxidant compounds present in foods and medicinal plants. The aim of this study is to evaluate antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum using carbon tetrachloride-induced albino rats as model. An in-vivo antioxidant activity was carried out on the CCl4 induced rats by administration of aqueous extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum at doses of 50, 100 and 200mg/Kg bw for 14 consecutive days, and one group was treated with Silymarin at a dose of 50 mg/Kg as a standard drug. The antioxidant activities were estimated by evaluating its effects on antioxidant parameters in the tissues of albino rats (Serum, Liver and Heart). The activity of catalase (CAT), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and the levels of MDA and GSH were evaluated in tissue homogenates. Results showed that the rats fed with the higher concentrations of Bryophyllum pinnatum had significant increase (p<0.05) in glutathione content (GSH), GPx, SOD and catalase activities relative to normal and standard control. However, the level of MDA was decreased (p<0.05) for the treated groups (100 and 200mg/kg). These results suggest that aqueous extracts of Bryophyllum pinnatum has active substances contributing to varied degrees of potent antioxidant activity and could serve as important source of antioxidants in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. Keywords: Oxidative injury, Bryophyllum pinnatum, antioxidant, Diseases, Tissues

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory activity of Mashaparni - Teramnus labialis Spreng

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shweta . ◽  
Seema Pradeep ◽  
Shiva Manjunath M.P
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Rat Paw

Background: Mashaparni is a plant belonging to the family Fabaceae and used in ayurvedic system of medicine and is being used in diet by various people of India and it also forms a part of traditional Indian cuisine. Teramnus labialis Spreng as accepted botanical source of Mashaparni. Mashaparni is widely used as Balya drug as mentioned by Charaka acharya in Balyamahakashaya gana. Hence this study is aimed to evaluate the Immunomodulatory activity of Mashaparni. Methodology: Experimental studies to determine the Immunomodulatory activity of Mashaparni Teramnus labialis Spreng by antigen induced rat paw oedema in Wister albino rats and the drug in the Aqueous and Ethyl extract form respectively. The studies were carried out on 4 groups i.e. Control group, Standard group, Aqueous extract and Ethyl extract form. Standard drug taken for the study is Guduchi Tinospora cordifolia in Ethyl extract form. Immunomodulatory activity determined by Delayed Type Hypersensitivity method with the help of Digital Plethysmograph method for duration of 15 days. The rat paw volume was the assessment parameter and the results were recorded at 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 24th hours after induction of antigen. Results: The Aqueous extract of Mashaparni shows a significant Immunomodulatory action compared to Ethyl extract of Mashaparni.

scholarly journals Topical dosage form of valdecoxib: Preparation and pharmacological evaluation

2007 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kesavanarayanan ◽  
Mohanavelu Nappinnai ◽  
Raju Ilavarasan
Keyword(s):  
Dosage Form ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Content Uniformity ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Pharmacological Evaluation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Topical Dosage ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Topical dosage form of valdecoxib: Preparation and pharmacological evaluationValdecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, produces serious side effects when given orally. This has led to its withdrawal. Topical application of valdecoxib was formulated and evaluated for its efficacy and safety. Standard procedures were followed and male Wistar albino rats were used to test the anti-inflammatory effect and effect in hyperalgesic conditions. Ointments, creams, and gels containing valdecoxib 1% (m/m) were prepared. These were tested for physical appearance, pH, spreadability, drug content uniformity,in vitrodiffusion. Gel prepared using Carbopol 940 (F-X) was selected after the analysis of the results. Formulation F-X was evaluated for acute skin irritancy, anti-inflammatory effect, optimum effective concentration of valdecoxib, effect on hyperalgesia, inhibition of the granulation tissue formation and anti-arthritic effect. Determination of valdecoxib in test animals plasma and determining the blood clotting time and bleeding time were conducted to study the safety of topical valdecoxib. Valdecoxib gel containing 1% (m/m) of the drug was significantly (p< 0.05) more effective in inhibiting hyperalgesia associated with inflammation, compared to placebo gel, but exhibited significantly (p< 0.05) lower suppression of inflammation than commercial rofecoxib gel. Concentration of valdecoxib used in the preparation minimizes the risk of systemic effects, as shown by the analysis of rat plasma for the presence of valdecoxib; hence, this may be the alternative to oral preparations. The bleeding and clotting time showed no significant difference before and after application of F-X.

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